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Yang H, Chen G, Zhang R, Zhu Y, Xiao J. Coumarin-embedded [5]helicene derivatives: synthesis, X-ray analysis and photoconducting properties. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:5395-5400. [PMID: 38376253 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05887e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Two novel coumarin-embedded π-extended [5]helicene derivatives (3a and 6a) have been strategically synthesized and characterized, and the structure of 3a was determined via single crystal X-ray analysis. Both of them exhibit green fluorescence in dichloromethane. In addition, molecule 3a can aggregate to form a large quantity of nanowires through the re-precipitation method. More importantly, the photoelectric conversion properties of 3a nanowire-C60 based films are much better than those of the thin film of bulk 3a-C60, indicating that the ordered nanostructures are a crucial factor for enhancing device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China.
| | - Guofeng Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China.
| | - Ran Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China.
| | - Yanjie Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China.
| | - Jinchong Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China.
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2
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Clark JA, Kusy D, Vakuliuk O, Krzeszewski M, Kochanowski KJ, Koszarna B, O'Mari O, Jacquemin D, Gryko DT, Vullev VI. The magic of biaryl linkers: the electronic coupling through them defines the propensity for excited-state symmetry breaking in quadrupolar acceptor-donor-acceptor fluorophores. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13537-13550. [PMID: 38033901 PMCID: PMC10685337 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03812b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Charge transfer (CT) is key for molecular photonics, governing the optical properties of chromophores comprising electron-rich and electron-deficient components. In photoexcited dyes with an acceptor-donor-acceptor or donor-acceptor-donor architecture, CT breaks their quadrupolar symmetry and yields dipolar structures manifesting pronounced solvatochromism. Herein, we explore the effects of electronic coupling through biaryl linkers on the excited-state symmetry breaking of such hybrid dyes composed of an electron-rich core, i.e., 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole (DHPP), and pyrene substituents that can act as electron acceptors. Experimental and theoretical studies reveal that strengthening the donor-acceptor electronic coupling decreases the CT rates and the propensity for symmetry breaking. We ascribe this unexpected result to effects of electronic coupling on the CT thermodynamics, which in its turn affects the CT kinetics. In cases of intermediate electronic coupling, the pyrene-DHPP conjugates produce fluorescence spectra, spreading over the whole visible range, that in addition to the broad CT emission, show bands from the radiative deactivation of the locally excited states of the donor and the acceptors. Because the radiative deactivation of the low-lying CT states is distinctly slow, fluorescence from upper locally excited states emerge leading to the observed anti-Kasha behaviour. As a result, these dyes exhibit white fluorescence. In addition to demonstrating the multifaceted nature of the effects of electronic coupling on CT dynamics, these chromophores can act as broad-band light sources with practical importance for imaging and photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Damian Kusy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Olena Vakuliuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Krzysztof J Kochanowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Beata Koszarna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Omar O'Mari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Nantes Université, CNRS CEISAM UMR 6230 F-44000 Nantes France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) F-75005 Paris France
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Valentine I Vullev
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
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3
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Kumar GD, Liao YC, Nazir R, Banasiewicz M, Chou PT, Gryko DT. Strongly emitting, centrosymmetric, ladder-type bis-coumarins with crankshaft architecture. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:28824-28828. [PMID: 37853830 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04121b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Quadrupolar bis-coumarins bearing dialkylamino groups, prepared by a double Pechmann reaction and subsequent oxidation, strongly emit yellow-orange light. Comparison with non-substituted analogs reveals that, the photophysical properties of the conjugated bis-coumarins are controlled both by the dialkylamino substituents and by the π-system. Analogous but non-conjugated bis-coumarins emit blue light both in solution and in crystalline state. Unusually fast oxidation process in the crystalline state is responsible for the presence of two bands in their solid-state emission. Two-center, charge-transfer transition from an orbital delocalized on the entire molecule to the central benzene ring is responsible for photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dinesh Kumar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland.
| | - Yu-Chan Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road Section 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Rashid Nazir
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland.
- Advanced Fibers, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
| | - Marzena Banasiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, Warsaw 02-668, Poland
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road Section 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland.
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4
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Sawano T, Takamura K, Yoshikawa T, Murata K, Koga M, Yamada R, Saito T, Tabata K, Ishii Y, Kashihara W, Nishihara T, Tanabe K, Suzuki T, Takeuchi R. Synthesis of azafluoranthenes by iridium-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition and evaluation of their fluorescence properties. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:323-331. [PMID: 36530147 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01921c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report a method for the synthesis of azafluoranthenes under neutral reaction conditions in a highly atom-economical manner by the iridium-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of 1,8-dialkynylnaphthalenes with nitriles. A variety of nitriles react with methyl- or phenyl-substituted 1,8-dialkynylnaphthalenes to give a wide range of azafluoranthenes. Azafluoranthenes bearing an amino group show intense fluorescence at around 500 nm. Comparison of the fluorescence properties of amine-substituted azafluoranthenes with related compounds revealed the importance of the amine moiety for obtaining a high fluorescence quantum yield. The choice of the solvent affected the emission maxima and the fluorescence quantum yield. Azafluoranthenes bearing pyrrolidine exhibited blue-shifted emission bands in a non-polar solvent and gave a fluorescence quantum yield of 0.76 in toluene. A Lippert-Mataga plot and computational studies provide insight into the origin of the fluorescence of azafluoranthenes. Furthermore, cellular experiments using human breast adenocarcinoma cells SK-BR-3 demonstrated the feasibility of using azafluoranthenes as fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Sawano
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
| | - Kaho Takamura
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
| | - Tomoka Yoshikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
| | - Kayo Murata
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
| | - Marina Koga
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
| | - Risa Yamada
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
| | - Takahide Saito
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
| | - Kazumasa Tabata
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
| | - Yugo Ishii
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
| | - Wataru Kashihara
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Nishihara
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
| | - Kazuhito Tanabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
| | - Ryo Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
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5
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Kielesiński Ł, Deperasińska I, Morawski O, Vygranenko KV, Ouellette ET, Gryko DT. Polarized, V-Shaped, and Conjoined Biscoumarins: From Lack of Dipole Moment Alignment to High Brightness. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5961-5975. [PMID: 35410474 PMCID: PMC9087199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Eleven conjoined
coumarins possessing a chromeno[3,4-c]chromene-6,7-dione
skeleton have been synthesized via the reaction
of electron-rich phenols with esters of coumarin-3-carboxylic acids,
catalyzed by either Lewis acids or 4-dimethylaminopyridine. Furthermore,
Michael-type addition to angular benzo[f]coumarins
is possible, leading to conjugated helical systems. Arrangement of
the electron-donating amino groups at diverse positions on this heterocyclic
skeleton makes it possible to obtain π-expanded coumarins with
emission either sensitive to, or entirely independent of, solvent
polarity with large Stokes shifts. Computational studies have provided
a rationale for moderate solvatochromic effects unveiling the lack
of collinearity of the dipole moments in the ground and excited states.
Depending on the functional groups present, the obtained dyes are
highly polarized with dipole moments of ∼14 D in the ground
state and ∼20–25 D in the excited state. Strong emission
in nonpolar solvents, in spite of the inclusion of a NO2 group, is rationalized by the fact that the intramolecular charge
transfer introduced into these molecules is strong enough to suppress
intersystem crossing yet weak enough to prevent the formation of dark
twisted intramolecular charge transfer states. Photochemical transformation
of the dye possessing a chromeno[3,4-c]pyridine-4,5-dione
scaffold led to the formation of a spirocyclic benzo[g]coumarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Kielesiński
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Irena Deperasińska
- Institute of Physics of Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olaf Morawski
- Institute of Physics of Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kateryna V Vygranenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Erik T Ouellette
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, 420 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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