1
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Pal K, Das D, Ghosh KG, Sureshkumar D. Visible-Light Driven Synthesis of Vinyl Amines without Photocatalyst. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39326405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
We developed a visible-light-induced vinyl amination of activated alkenes using TMSN3 and CsF through EDA complex formation under an oxygen atmosphere. Without light, the EDA complex forms between activated alkene, CsF, and oxygen. Upon exposure to light, oxygen in the complex gets excited, initiating the HAT process. This method efficiently synthesizes vinyl-amine derivatives via a radical pathway, demonstrating good functional group tolerance and high yields in a short time. Further, the late-stage functionalization enables the synthesis of biologically active heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koustav Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Debabrata Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Krishna Gopal Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Devarajulu Sureshkumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, West Bengal, India
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2
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Mantry L, Gandeepan P. Photochemical direct alkylation of heteroarenes with alkanes, alcohols, amides, and ethers. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:7643-7648. [PMID: 39195903 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01119h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Direct functionalization of heteroarenes with simple alkanes utilizing anthracene as a photoredox catalyst has been established. This approach provides a sustainable alternative, avoiding costly reagents or peroxides. The method demonstrates a broad substrate scope, enabling regioselective alkylation of various heteroarenes, including azoles, pyridines, quinolines, isoquinolones, and quinoxalinones under mild conditions. A range of alkyl sources, such as alkanes, ethers, dioxane, trioxane, alcohol, and alkylamides were viable substrates. A plausible catalytic cycle was proposed based on the preliminary mechanistic evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusina Mantry
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Yerpedu-Venkatagiri Road, Yerpedu Post, Tirupati District, Andhra Pradesh, India - 517619.
| | - Parthasarathy Gandeepan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Yerpedu-Venkatagiri Road, Yerpedu Post, Tirupati District, Andhra Pradesh, India - 517619.
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3
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Zeng L, Ren HZ, Lv GF, Ouyang XH, He DL, Li JH. Electroreductive Remote Benzylic C(sp 3)-H Arylation of Aliphatic Ethers Using Cyanoarenes for the Synthesis of α-(Hetero)aryl Ethers. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38502576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
An iodoarene-driven electroreductive remote C(sp3)-H arylation of unsymmetrical 1-(o-iodoaryl)alkyl ethers with cyanoarenes for the site selective synthesis of α-(hetero)aryl ethers is developed. With the introduction of cyanoarenes as both aryl sources and electron transfer mediators, this method includes an iodoarene-driven strategy to enable the regiocontrollable formation of two new bonds, one C(sp2)-H bond, and one C(sp2)-C(sp3) bond, in a single reaction step through the sequence of halogen atom transfer (XAT), hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), radical-radical coupling, and decyanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hua-Zhan Ren
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Gui-Fen Lv
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Xuan-Hui Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - De-Liang He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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4
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Cao X, Wei L, Yang J, Song H, Wei Y. A visible-light-induced bromine radical initiates direct C-H alkylation of heteroaromatics. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1157-1161. [PMID: 38224149 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02047a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a photoinduced direct C(sp2)-H alkylation of N-heteroaromatics by using commercially available tetrabutylammonium tribromide (TBATB) as a HAT reagent is described. The method uses O2 as the oxidant, and features metal-free, mild reaction conditions and good functional group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxue Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi, 832003, China.
| | - Lanfeng Wei
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Intelligent Prevention and Emergency Response, Xinjiang Institute of Engineering, Urumqi 830023, China.
| | - Jinbo Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi, 832003, China.
| | - Huanhuan Song
- Bingtuan Energy Development Institute, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
| | - Yu Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi, 832003, China.
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5
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Das S, Mondal S, Midya SP, Mondal S, Ghosh E, Ghosh P. Base-Promoted Tandem Pathway for Keto-Amides: Visible Light-Mediated Room-Temperature Amidation Using Molecular Oxygen as an Oxidant. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14847-14859. [PMID: 37867455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report metal- and photocatalyst-free room-temperature amidation for α-ketoamide synthesis from feedstock phenacyl bromides and amines using molecular oxygen as an oxidant as well as a source of oxygen in the amide segment. Visible light-mediated base-promoted one-pot sequential C-N/C═N/C═O bond formation takes place in a tandem manner to afford the desired product. Functional group tolerance (benzylic alcohol, keto, cyano, nitro, halo, etc.), a broad substrate scope, and gram-scale synthesis make this synthetic methodology more attractive. We have observed that electron-rich aromatic amines, aliphatic amines, and phenacyl bromide derivatives proceeded the present transformation with marginally superior reactivity in comparison to electron-deficient aromatic amines and phenacyl bromide derivatives. Moreover, several control experiments, in situ isolation of secondary amine and imine as key intermediates, and 18O-labeling experiments provide complete insight into the mechanism of the tandem pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Das
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Soumya Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Siba P Midya
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Subal Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Eliza Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
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6
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Mandal T, Das S, Maji R, De Sarkar S. Visible-Light-Induced Hydrogen Atom Transfer En Route to Exocylic Alkenylation of Cyclic Ethers Enabled by Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex. Org Lett 2023; 25:7727-7732. [PMID: 37844302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
An electron donor-acceptor (EDA)-triggered hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process is developed for the efficient generation of an α-alkoxy radical from cyclic ethers to synthesize exocyclic alkenylated ethers with exclusive E-selectivity. A judiciously chosen donor-acceptor pair (DABCO and maleimide) serves as the desired HAT reagent under visible light irradiation without using any photocatalyst or peroxide. A wide variety of substrates were explored to demonstrate the diverse applicability and practical viability of this cross-dehydrogenative transformation. Detailed mechanistic studies revealed a radical reaction pathway under the oxidative environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanumoy Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanju Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Rohan Maji
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman De Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, West Bengal, India
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7
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Bhakat M, Khatua B, Biswas P, Guin J. Brønsted Acid-Promoted Intermolecular Dearomative Photocycloaddition of Bicyclic Azaarenes with Olefins under Aerobic Conditions. Org Lett 2023; 25:3089-3093. [PMID: 37096800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a simplified reaction protocol for the dearomatization of bicyclic azaarenes via photochemical cycloaddition with alkenes using an Ir(III) photosensitizer, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), dichloroethane, and a blue light-emitting diode. An efficient protonation of azaarenes with TFA enhances the reactivity of triplet azaarene toward olefins, enabling the photocycloaddition under aerobic conditions. The protocol applies to a broad range of substrates. Control experiments indicate a strong correlation between the degree of protonation of azaarene and the product yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manotosh Bhakat
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Bitasik Khatua
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Promita Biswas
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Joyram Guin
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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8
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Lopat’eva ER, Krylov IB, Segida OO, Merkulova VM, Ilovaisky AI, Terent’ev AO. Heterogeneous Photocatalysis as a Potent Tool for Organic Synthesis: Cross-Dehydrogenative C-C Coupling of N-Heterocycles with Ethers Employing TiO 2/ N-Hydroxyphthalimide System under Visible Light. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030934. [PMID: 36770603 PMCID: PMC9920906 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the obvious advantages of heterogeneous photocatalysts (availability, stability, recyclability, the ease of separation from products and safety) their application in organic synthesis faces serious challenges: generally low efficiency and selectivity compared to homogeneous photocatalytic systems. The development of strategies for improving the catalytic properties of semiconductor materials is the key to their introduction into organic synthesis. In the present work, a hybrid photocatalytic system involving both heterogeneous catalyst (TiO2) and homogeneous organocatalyst (N-hydroxyphthalimide, NHPI) was proposed for the cross-dehydrogenative C-C coupling of electron-deficient N-heterocycles with ethers employing t-BuOOH as the terminal oxidant. It should be noted that each of the catalysts is completely ineffective when used separately under visible light in this transformation. The occurrence of visible light absorption upon the interaction of NHPI with the TiO2 surface and the generation of reactive phthalimide-N-oxyl (PINO) radicals upon irradiation with visible light are considered to be the main factors determining the high catalytic efficiency. The proposed method is suitable for the coupling of π-deficient pyridine, quinoline, pyrazine, and quinoxaline heteroarenes with various non-activated ethers.
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9
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Roy S, Chatterjee I. Visible-Light-Mediated ( sp 3)Cα-H Functionalization of Ethers Enabled by Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2022; 2:306-311. [PMID: 36855592 PMCID: PMC9955270 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.2c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A synthetically beneficial visible-light-mediated protocol has been disclosed to achieve C-H amination of readily available feedstocks cyclic and acyclic ethers. A rarely identified N-bromosuccinamide-tetrahydrofuran electron donor-acceptor complex served as an initiator to functionalize both α-diazoketones and dialkyl azodicarboxylates. This developed methodology gives an alternative and milder way to construct the C-N bond and can be explored for the formation of C-C bond to perform arylation and allylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India
| | - Indranil Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India
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10
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Bhakat M, Khatua B, Guin J. Photocatalytic Aerobic Coupling of Azaarenes and Alkanes via Nontraditional Cl • Generation. Org Lett 2022; 24:5276-5280. [PMID: 35839079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate a nonconventional photocatalytic generation of Cl• from a common chlorinated solvent, dichloroethane, under aerobic conditions and its successful utilization toward the cross-dehydrogenative coupling of alkanes and azaarenes via hydrogen atom transfer with Cl•. The process is free from chloride salt, toxic oxidant, and UV light. It is applicable to a broad spectrum of substrates. The proposed mechanism involving Cl• is supported by a series of mechanistic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manotosh Bhakat
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Bitasik Khatua
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Joyram Guin
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
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11
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Huang CY, Li J, Li CJ. Photocatalytic C(sp 3) radical generation via C-H, C-C, and C-X bond cleavage. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5465-5504. [PMID: 35694342 PMCID: PMC9116372 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00202g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
C(sp3) radicals (R˙) are of broad research interest and synthetic utility. This review collects some of the most recent advancements in photocatalytic R˙ generation and highlights representative examples in this field. Based on the key bond cleavages that generate R˙, these contributions are divided into C–H, C–C, and C–X bond cleavages. A general mechanistic scenario and key R˙-forming steps are presented and discussed in each section. C(sp3) radicals (R˙) are of broad research interest and synthetic utility.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Huang
- Department of Chemistry, FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street W. Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Jianbin Li
- Department of Chemistry, FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street W. Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street W. Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
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12
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Zhang L, Pfund B, Wenger OS, Hu X. Oxidase‐Type C−H/C−H Coupling Using an Isoquinoline‐Derived Organic Photocatalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202649. [PMID: 35253971 PMCID: PMC9310868 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidase‐type oxidation is an attractive strategy in organic synthesis due to the use of O2 as the terminal oxidant. Organic photocatalysis can effect metal‐free oxidase chemistry. Nevertheless, current methods are limited in reaction scope, possibly due to the lack of suitable photocatalysts. Here we report an isoquinoline‐derived diaryl ketone‐type photocatalyst, which has much enhanced absorption of blue and visible light compared to conventional diaryl ketones. This photocatalyst enables dehydrogenative cross‐coupling of heteroarenes with unactivated and activated alkanes as well as aldehydes using air as the oxidant. A wide range of heterocycles with various functional groups are suitable substrates. Transient absorption and excited‐state quenching experiments point to an unconventional mechanism that involves an excited state “self‐quenching” process to generate the N‐radical cation form of the sensitizer, which subsequently abstracts a hydrogen atom from the alkane substrate to yield a reactive alkyl radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) ISIC-LSCI Lausanne Switzerland
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Björn Pfund
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Xile Hu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) ISIC-LSCI Lausanne Switzerland
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13
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Li L, Song X, Qi MF, Sun B. Weak Brønsted Base-Promoted Photoredox Catalysis for C–H Alkylation of Heteroarenes Mediated by Triplet Excited Diaryl Ketone. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Zhang L, Pfund B, Wenger OS, Hu X. Oxidase‐Type C−H/C−H Coupling Using an Isoquinoline‐Derived Organic Photocatalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) ISIC-LSCI Lausanne Switzerland
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Björn Pfund
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Xile Hu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) ISIC-LSCI Lausanne Switzerland
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15
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Visible-light-mediated metal-free decarboxylative acylation of electron-deficient quinolines using α-ketoacids under ambient air. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Niu K, Shi X, Ding L, Liu Y, Song H, Wang Q. HCl-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Alkylarenes to Carbonyls. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102326. [PMID: 34817114 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The construction of C-O bonds through C-H bond functionalization remains fundamentally challenging. Here, a practical chlorine radical-mediated aerobic oxidation of alkylarenes to carbonyls was developed. This protocol employed commercially available HCl as a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reagent and air as a sustainable oxidant. In addition, this process exhibited excellent functional group tolerance and a broad substrate scope without the requirement for external metal and oxidants. The mechanistic hypothesis was supported by radical trapping, 18 O labeling, and control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ling Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Hongjian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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17
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Ciszewski ŁW, Gryko D. Pyridine N-oxides as HAT reagents for photochemical C–H functionalization of electron-deficient heteroarenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10576-10579. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03772f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Unique reactivity of pyridine N-oxides as HAT reagents in light induced functionalization of electron-deficient heteroarenes is reported. EDA complex formation between the N-oxide and a substrate eliminates the need for a photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz W. Ciszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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