1
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Paul S, Brown MK. Synthesis of Secondary Boronates via Deaminative Cross-Coupling of Alkyl Nitroso Carbamates and Boronic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408432. [PMID: 39092618 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
A strategy for transition metal-free cross-coupling of alkyl nitroso-carbamates and boronic acids is reported. The N-nitroso carbamates are easily prepared from the corresponding amine in two simple steps. This method allows for the synthesis of a wide variety of secondary boronates, benzylic boronates and formal Csp3-Csp2 cross-coupling products under operationally simple conditions. Functional group tolerance is also demonstrated and applied in the modification of lysine to make non-canonical amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashwati Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - M Kevin Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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2
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Yang X, Zhang B, Ruan J, Duanmu K, Chen W. Palladium-Catalyzed Allylation of Endocyclic 1-Azaallyl Anions. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8896-8905. [PMID: 38856706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Endocyclic 1-azaallyl anions engage allyl acetates in a palladium-catalyzed allylation followed by reduction to give unprotected 2-(hetero)aryl-3-allylpiperidines and 2-allyl-3-arylmorpholines, products not easily accessible by other means. The allyl group is then readily transformed into a variety of functional groups. Preliminary studies on the asymmetric variant of the reaction using an enantiomerically pure BI-DIME-type ligand provide the product with moderate enantioselectivity. Computational studies suggest that energy barriers of inner-sphere reductive elimination and outer-sphere nucleophilic substitution are almost the same, which makes both of them possible reaction pathways. In addition, the inner-sphere mechanism displays an enantiodiscriminating C-C bond forming step, while the outer-sphere mechanism is much less selective, which combined to give the asymmetric variant of the reaction moderate enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Institute for Advanced Studies, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Biao Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Institute for Advanced Studies, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Junhao Ruan
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Institute for Advanced Studies, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Kaining Duanmu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Institute for Advanced Studies, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Chen
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Institute for Advanced Studies, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
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3
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Lin PC, Wong CD, Jarvo ER. Cross-selective Deoxygenative Coupling of Aliphatic Alcohols: Installation of Methyl Groups including Isotopic Labels by Nickel Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403119. [PMID: 38604974 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling reactions of two aliphatic alcohol derivatives remain a challenge. Herein, we report a nickel-catalyzed reductive methylation reaction of aliphatic mesylates with methyl tosylate. This reaction provides straightforward access to compounds bearing aliphatic methyl groups from alkyl alcohol derivatives. Isotopically labelled substrates and reagents can be employed in the reaction to provide perdeuterated and 13C-labelled products. This transformation can be achieved by employing stoichiometric Mn reductant or electrochemically. Additionally, mechanistic experiments show that alkyl iodides are key intermediates in the transformation which undergo a stereoablative reaction via radical intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia C Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92617, United States
| | - Chloe D Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92617, United States
| | - Elizabeth R Jarvo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92617, United States
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4
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Zhang X, Cui S, Wei S, Zhao M, Liu X, Zhang G. Nickel-Catalyzed Deaminative Alkyl-Alkyl Cross-Coupling of Katritzky Salts with Cyclopropanols: Merging C-N and C-C Bond Activation. Org Lett 2024; 26:2114-2118. [PMID: 38437731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a general and practical nickel-catalyzed deaminative alkylation of Katritzky salts with cyclopropyl alcohols via merging C-N and C-C bond activation. This protocol enables the formation of an alkyl-alkyl bond along with the generation of a versatile ketone functional group in a single operation, thus providing a convenient approach for accessing β-alkyl ketones. This reaction is distinguished by its high functional group tolerance, broad substrate scope, and efficient late-stage derivatization of complex bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University (HNU), Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Shilin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University (HNU), Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Shuxin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University (HNU), Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Mengge Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University (HNU), Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xiaopan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University (HNU), Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University (HNU), Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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5
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Davenport E, Negru DE, Badman G, Lindsay DM, Kerr WJ. Robust and General Late-Stage Methylation of Aryl Chlorides: Application to Isotopic Labeling of Drug-like Scaffolds. ACS Catal 2023; 13:11541-11547. [PMID: 37671180 PMCID: PMC10476154 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c02761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of isotopically labeled compounds for drug discovery and development presents a unique challenge. Both stable and radioactive isotopes must be incorporated into complex bioactive molecules as efficiently as possible, using precious, and often expensive, isotopically enriched reagents. Due to the ubiquity and importance of methyl groups in drug molecules, there is a requirement for a general, late-stage methylation that allows for the incorporation of both carbon and hydrogen isotopes. Herein, we report a highly efficient, robust palladium-catalyzed approach, optimized via high-throughput experimentation, for the methylation of aryl chlorides using potassium methyltrifluoroborate. A practically straightforward route to isotopically labeled methylating agents has also been developed, and the methodology applied to isotopologue synthesis, including the installation of isotopic labels in a range of drug-like scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Davenport
- Drug
Substance Development, GSK, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K.
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Daniela E. Negru
- Drug
Substance Development, GSK, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K.
| | - Geoff Badman
- Drug
Substance Development, GSK, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K.
| | - David M. Lindsay
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - William J. Kerr
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
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6
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Wesenberg LJ, Sivo A, Vilé G, Noël T. Ni-Catalyzed Electro-Reductive Cross-Electrophile Couplings of Alkyl Amine-Derived Radical Precursors with Aryl Iodides. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37220023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the "Escape-from-Flatland" trend has prompted the synthetic community to develop a set of cross-coupling strategies to introduce sp3-carbon-based fragments in organic compounds. This study presents a novel nickel-catalyzed electrochemical methodology for reductive cross-electrophile coupling. The method enables C(sp2)-C(sp3) linkages using inexpensive amine-derived radical precursors and aryl iodides. The use of electrochemistry as a power source reduces waste and avoids chemical reductants, making this approach a more sustainable alternative to traditional cross-coupling methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars J Wesenberg
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Sivo
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, IT-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianvito Vilé
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, IT-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Timothy Noël
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
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7
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Kiran INC, Kranthikumar R. Nickel-Catalyzed Deaminative Ketone Synthesis: Coupling of Alkylpyridinium Salts with Thiopyridine Esters via C-N Bond Activation. Org Lett 2023; 25:3623-3627. [PMID: 37184214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A direct synthesis of ketones by the nickel-catalyzed deaminative cross-coupling of alkylpyridinium salts with thiopyridine esters has been reported. The reaction works well for both primary and secondary amines. This approach affords a highly valuable vista for the facile synthesis of ketones from easily accessible feedstock chemicals. The utility of this method is demonstrated through the functionalization of complex bioactives and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- I N Chaithanya Kiran
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Ramagonolla Kranthikumar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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8
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Crudden C. Mary P. Watson Selected to Receive the 2023 ACS Catalysis Lectureship for the Advancement of Catalytic Science. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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9
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Recent Advances in Nickel-Catalyzed C-C Cross-Coupling. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2023_85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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10
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Zhang YA, Palani V, Seim AE, Wang Y, Wang KJ, Wendlandt AE. Stereochemical editing logic powered by the epimerization of unactivated tertiary stereocenters. Science 2022; 378:383-390. [PMID: 36302032 PMCID: PMC9974169 DOI: 10.1126/science.add6852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The stereoselective synthesis of complex targets requires the precise orchestration of chemical transformations that simultaneously establish the connectivity and spatial orientation of desired bonds. In this work, we describe a complementary paradigm for the synthesis of chiral molecules and their isomers, which tunes the three-dimensional structure of a molecule at a late stage. Key to the success of this strategy is the development of a mild and highly general photocatalytic method composed of decatungstate polyanion and disulfide cocatalysts, which enable the interconversion of unactivated tertiary stereogenic centers that were previously configurationally fixed. We showcase the versatility of this method-and the implementation of stereoediting logic-by the rapid construction of chiral scaffolds that would be challenging to access using existing tools and by the late-stage stereoediting of complex targets.
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11
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Motsch BJ, Wengryniuk SE. Site-Selective Synthesis of N-Benzyl 2,4,6-Collidinium Salts by Electrooxidative C-H Functionalization. Org Lett 2022; 24:6060-6065. [PMID: 35938890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
N-alkylpyridinium salts are versatile pseudohalides for SET-mediated cross couplings. However, the common 2,4,6-triphenylpyridinium salt is plagued by poor atom economy and high cost of synthesis. Thus, there is a growing need for more practical scaffolds and innovative strategies for pyridinium salt formation. Herein, we report the synthesis of benzylic 2,4,6-collidinium salts via electrooxidative C-H functionalization. This method provides a complementary approach to tradtional strategies relying on substitution and condensation of prefunctionalized substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bill J Motsch
- Temple University, Department of Chemistry, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadephia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Sarah E Wengryniuk
- Temple University, Department of Chemistry, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadephia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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12
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Gao Y, Jiang S, Mao ND, Xiang H, Duan JL, Ye XY, Wang LW, Ye Y, Xie T. Recent Progress in Fragmentation of Katritzky Salts Enabling Formation of C-C, C-B, and C-S Bonds. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:25. [PMID: 35585362 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00381-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since their discovery in 1970s, Katritzky salts have emerged as one of the most important classes of building blocks for use in organic synthesis and drug discovery. These bulky pyridinium salts derived from alkylamine can readily generate alkyl radical and undergo a variety of organic transformation reactions such as alkylation, arylation, alkenylation, alkynylation, carbonylation, sulfonylation, and borylation. Through these transformations, complexed molecules bearing new C-C, C-B, or C-S bonds can be constructed in easy ways and in simple steps. This review aims to summarize recent advances in these versatile building blocks in well-classified categories. Representative examples and their reaction mechanisms are discussed. The hope is to provide the scientific community with convenient access to collective information and accelerate further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Songwei Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nian-Dong Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huan Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Long Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China. .,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yang Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China. .,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China. .,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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