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Zhang H, Xie S, Yang J, Ye N, Gao F, Gallou F, Gao L, Lei X. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of 2-Aryl Thiazolines from 4-Hydroxybenzaldehydes Using Vanillyl Alcohol Oxidases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405833. [PMID: 38748747 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen heterocycles are commonly found in bioactive natural products and drugs. However, the biocatalytic tools for nitrogen heterocycle synthesis are limited. Herein, we report the discovery of vanillyl alcohol oxidases (VAOs) as efficient biocatalysts for the one-pot synthesis of 2-aryl thiazolines from various 4-hydroxybenzaldehydes and aminothiols. The wild-type biocatalyst features a broad scope of 4-hydroxybenzaldehydes. Though the scope of aminothiols is limited, it could be improved via semi-rational protein engineering, generating a variant to produce previously inaccessible cysteine-derived bioactive 2-aryl thiazolines using the wild-type VAO. Benefiting from the derivatizable functional groups in the enzymatic products, we further chemically modified these products to expand the chemical space, offering a new chemoenzymatic strategy for the green and efficient synthesis of structurally diverse 2-aryl-thiazoline derivatives to prompt their use in drug discovery and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhan Xie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Ye
- Chemical & Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Technical Development Co., Ltd., Changshu, 215537, People's Republic of China
- Current Address: Rezubio Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Zhuhai, 519070, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- Chemical & Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Technical Development Co., Ltd., Changshu, 215537, People's Republic of China
| | - Fabrice Gallou
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Lei Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
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Bera SK, Behera S, De Luca L, Basoccu F, Mocci R, Porcheddu A. Unveiling the Untapped Potential of Bertagnini's Salts in Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Quinazolinones. Molecules 2024; 29:1986. [PMID: 38731478 PMCID: PMC11085446 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Microwave-assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) has emerged as a transformative technique in organic chemistry, significantly enhancing the speed, efficiency, and selectivity of chemical reactions. In our research, we have employed microwave irradiation to expedite the synthesis of quinazolinones, using water as an eco-friendly solvent and thereby adhering to the principles of green chemistry. Notably, the purification of the product was achieved without the need for column chromatography, thus streamlining the process. A key innovation in our approach is using aldehyde bisulfite adducts (Bertagnini's salts) as solid surrogates of aldehydes. Bertagnini's salts offer several advantages over free aldehydes, including enhanced stability, easier purification, and improved reactivity. Green metrics and Eco-Scale score calculations confirmed the sustainability of this approach, indicating a reduction in waste generation and enhanced sustainability outcomes. This methodology facilitates the synthesis of a diverse array of compounds, offering substantial contributions to the field, with potential for widespread applications in pharmaceutical research and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamal Kanti Bera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (S.K.B.); (S.B.); (F.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Sourav Behera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (S.K.B.); (S.B.); (F.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Lidia De Luca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Francesco Basoccu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (S.K.B.); (S.B.); (F.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Rita Mocci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (S.K.B.); (S.B.); (F.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Andrea Porcheddu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (S.K.B.); (S.B.); (F.B.); (R.M.)
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3
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Virdi J, Dusunge A, Handa S. Aqueous Micelles as Solvent, Ligand, and Reaction Promoter in Catalysis. JACS AU 2024; 4:301-317. [PMID: 38425936 PMCID: PMC10900500 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Water is considered to be the most sustainable and safest solvent. Micellar catalysis is a significant contributor to the chemistry in water. It promotes pathways involving water-sensitive intermediates and transient catalytic species under micelles' shielding effect while also replacing costly ligands and dipolar-aprotic solvents. However, there is a lack of critical information about micellar catalysis. This includes why it works better than traditional catalysis in organic solvents, why specific rules in micellar catalysis differ from those of conventional catalysis, and how the limitations of micellar catalysis can be addressed in the future. This Perspective aims to highlight the current gaps in our understanding of micellar catalysis and provide an analysis of designer surfactants' origin and essential components. This will also provide a fundamental understanding of micellar catalysis, including how aqueous micelles can simultaneously perform multiple functions such as solvent, ligand, and reaction promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdeep
K. Virdi
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Ashish Dusunge
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Sachin Handa
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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Rathod VD, Paganelli S, Kočevar M, Krivec M, Piccolo O. Improved Process for the Synthesis of 3-(3-Trifluoromethylphenyl)propanal for More Sustainable Production of Cinacalcet HCl. Molecules 2023; 28:6042. [PMID: 37630295 PMCID: PMC10458415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinacalcet (I), sold as hydrochloride salt, is a calcimimetic drug which has been approved for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic renal disease and for the treatment of hypercalcemia in patients with parathyroid carcinoma. Here, an improved method for the synthesis of 3-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)propanal (II), a key intermediate for the preparation of I, is described. The protocol required a Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling reaction between 1-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene and acroleine diethyl acetal, catalyzed by Pd(OAc)2 in the presence of nBu4NOAc (tetrabutylammonium acetate), followed by the hydrogenation reaction of the crude mixture of products in a cascade process. Palladium species, at the end of the reaction, were efficiently recovered as Pd/Al2O3. The procedure was developed under conventional heating conditions as well as under microwave-assisted conditions. The obtained mixture of 1-(3,3-diethoxypropyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (III), impure for ethyl 3-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl) propanoate (IV), was finally treated, under mild conditions, with potassium diisobutyl-tert-butoxyaluminum hydride (PDBBA) to obtain after hydrolysis 3-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)propanal (II), in an excellent overall yield and very high purity. Microwave conditions permitted a reduction in reaction times without affecting selectivity and yield. The final API was obtained through reductive amination of (II) with (R)-(+)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine (V) using a catalyst prepared by us with a very low content of precious metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Damu Rathod
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia Mestre, Italy; (V.D.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Stefano Paganelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia Mestre, Italy; (V.D.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Marijan Kočevar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Marko Krivec
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.K.); (M.K.)
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Catalysis and inhibition of ester hydrolysis by encapsulation in micelles derived from designer surfactant TPGS-750-M. Tetrahedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Gianolio S, Roura Padrosa D, Paradisi F. Combined chemoenzymatic strategy for sustainable continuous synthesis of the natural product hordenine. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2022; 24:8434-8440. [PMID: 36353210 PMCID: PMC9621339 DOI: 10.1039/d2gc02767d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To improve sustainability, safety and cost-efficiency of synthetic methodologies, biocatalysis can be a helpful ally. In this work, a novel chemoenzymatic stategy ensures the rapid synthesis of hordenine, a valuable phenolic phytochemical under mild working conditions. In a two-step cascade, the immobilized tyrosine decarboxylase from Lactobacillus brevis (LbTDC) is here coupled with the chemical reductive amination of tyramine. Starting from the abundant and cost-effective amino acid l-tyrosine, the complete conversion to hordenine is achieved in less than 5 minutes residence time in a fully-automated continuous flow system. Compared to the metal-catalyzed N,N-dimethylation of tyramine, this biocatalytic approach reduces the process environmental impact and improves its STY to 2.68 g L-1 h-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Gianolio
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Bern Freistrasse 3 Bern Switzerland
| | - David Roura Padrosa
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Bern Freistrasse 3 Bern Switzerland
| | - Francesca Paradisi
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Bern Freistrasse 3 Bern Switzerland
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