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Sakata K, Suzuki S, Sugimoto T, Yoshikawa T. Quantum Chemical Study of the Cycloaddition Reaction of Tropone with 1,1-Diethoxyethene Catalyzed by B(C 6F 5) 3 or BPh 3. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:30410-30420. [PMID: 37636958 PMCID: PMC10448487 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Cycloaddition reaction of tropone with 1,1-diethoxyethene catalyzed by Lewis acid (LA), B(C6F5)3 or BPh3, was examined by using ωB97X-D-level density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In the absence of LA, the reaction proceeds in a stepwise fashion to form two chemical bonds, first between the C2 atom in tropone and the C2 atom in ethene and then between the C5 atom in the former and the C1 atom in the latter. When B(C6F5)3 is attached to the O atom in tropone, the C5 atom in tropone is attacked preferentially by the C1 atom in ethene in the second stage. The attack of the O atom in tropone is shown to be less likely; thus, the [4 + 2] addition is favored in the B(C6F5)3-catalyzed reaction. In contrast, the attack of the O atom in the BPh3-attached tropone to the C1 atom in ethene is preferred over the attack of the C5 atom, indicating that the [8 + 2] cycloaddition instead of the [4 + 2] cycloaddition proceeds in the BPh3-catalyzed reaction. Whether the C1 atom in ethene is attacked by C5 or by O in the second bond formation step is shown in this study to be governed mainly by the nucleophilicity of σ-lone pair electrons of the carbonyl O atom of tropone in the presence of LA. These results are consistent with the experiments reported by Li and Yamamoto.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Sakata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Toho University, Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Sarina Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Toho University, Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Sugimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Toho University, Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Toho University, Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
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Yu H, Xu F. Advances in the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds by in situ benzyne cycloaddition. RSC Adv 2023; 13:8238-8253. [PMID: 36922948 PMCID: PMC10010163 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00400g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds are prevalent in various natural products, medicines, agrochemicals, and organic functional materials. Among strategies to prepare nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, pathways involving benzyne intermediates are attractive given that they can readily assemble highly diverse heterocyclic compounds in a step-economical manner under transition-metal-free conditions. The synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds from benzyne intermediates offers an alternative strategy to the conventional metal-catalyzed activation approaches. In the past years, chemists have witnessed the revival of benzyne chemistry, mainly attributed to the wide application of various novel benzyne precursors. The cycloaddition of benzynes is a powerful tool for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, which can be constructed by [n + 2] cyclization of benzyne intermediates in situ generated from benzyne precursors under mild reaction conditions. This review focuses on the application of cycloaddition reactions involving in situ benzynes in the construction of various nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shizhen College of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang Guizhou 550200 China
| | - Feng Xu
- School of Mathematics and Information Science, Guiyang University Guiyang Guizhou 550005 P. R. China
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Mamontov A, Chang L, Dossmann H, Bertrand B, Dechoux L, Thorimbert S. Iron Catalyzed Dearomatization of Pyridines into Annelated Azepine Derivatives in a One-Step, Three-Component Reaction. Org Lett 2023; 25:256-260. [PMID: 36580358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Commercially available Fe(TTP)Cl catalyzes three-component dearomative formal cycloaddition reactions between pyridines, diazo compounds, and coumalates. Diversely substituted annelated seven-membered N-heterocycles could be generated in less than 10 min in one step at room temperature. The reaction is compatible to gram scale. The extension to benzimidazoles in place of pyridines has been successfully demonstrated. The mechanism of this reaction has been carefully examined by computational studies that corroborate the observed regioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Mamontov
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Liang Chang
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Héloïse Dossmann
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Benoît Bertrand
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Luc Dechoux
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Serge Thorimbert
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), F-75005 Paris, France
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Synthesis of Substituted Tropones and Advancement for the Construction of Structurally Significant Skeletons. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Garg P, Upreti GC, Singh A. Synthesis of Tritylones via Cascade Reaction of Arynes with 5-Ethoxyoxazoles. J Org Chem 2022; 87:7219-7228. [PMID: 35580308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A cascade reaction involving arynes and 5-ethoxyoxazoles has been developed toward the synthesis of 9-alkyl/aryl tritylones. 5-Ethoxyoxazoles undergo a [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction with arynes followed by retro-[4 + 2] cycloaddition, a second intermolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction, and hydrolytic ring cleavage to generate substituted tritylones in good yields. The conversion of tritylone products to a series of spirocyclic anthrone derivatives has been demonstrated. The reaction is expeditious, exhibits wide scope, and employs readily available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Garg
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Ganesh Chandra Upreti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Anand Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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Liu S, Xie P, Wu L, Zhao J, Cai Z, He L. Transition-Metal-Free Synthesis of 4-Amino Isoquinolin-1(2H)-ones via Tandem Reaction of Arynes and Oxazoles. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01666k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile and transition-metal-free method for the synthesis of 4-amino isoquinolin-1(2H)-ones has been developed. Arynes react with 4, 5-disubstituted oxazoles through a tandem Diels-Alder reaction/dehydrogenation-aromatization/tautamerization process to produce 4-amino isoquinolin-1(2H)-ones...
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Cui M, Li J, Tian R, Duan Z. Tandem [5 + 1]/[8 + 2] cycloaddition reactions involving phosphiranes and tropones: facile access to 6,5,7-fused tricyclic skeletons. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00386d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tandem [5 + 1] carbonyl cyclization/[8 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of phosphiranes and tropones were developed as a straightforward method to access 6,5,7-fused tricyclic scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Cui
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Juan Li
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Rongqiang Tian
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Zheng Duan
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
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