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Wang Z, Huang S, Yin L, Wan J, Liu C, Liu T, Huang C. Chemodivergence in Fluorine Source-Controlled Cascade Reaction of Aryne Precursors to Synthesize Pyrrolo[3,4- b]indoles and 3-Arylated Maleimides. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5498-5510. [PMID: 38577943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Reactions allowing chemodivergence prove to be attractive strategies in synthetic organic chemistry. We herein described a highly practical, transition-metal-free, highly regioselective and chemodivergent cascade reaction controlled by fluorine sources, which involved a [3 + 2] cycloaddition or C-arylation process between aryne precursors and 3-aminomaleimides. These two pathways led to a wide scope of structurally diverse pyrrolo[3,4-b]indoles (19 examples) and 3-arylated maleimides (25 examples) in good-to-excellent yields. Furthermore, the reaction could be scaled up, and several synthetic transformations were accomplished for the preparation of functionalized molecules and might provide new opportunities for the discovery of N-heterocyclic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyu Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Shuntao Huang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Lu Yin
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Juan Wan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji'An, Jiangxi 343009, P. R. China
| | - Teng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji'An, Jiangxi 343009, P. R. China
| | - Chao Huang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
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Kumar MP, G M, Amaladass P, Manikandan C, Dhayalan V. Recent synthetic strategies for the construction of functionalized carbazoles and their heterocyclic motifs enabled by Lewis acids. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32596-32626. [PMID: 37936643 PMCID: PMC10626344 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06396h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This article demonstrates recent innovative cascade annulation methods for preparing functionalized carbazoles and their related polyaromatic heterocyclic compounds enabled by Lewis acid catalysts. Highly substituted carbazole scaffolds were synthesized via Lewis acid mediated Friedel-Crafts arylation, electrocyclization, intramolecular cyclization, cycloaddition, C-N bond-formations, aromatization and cascade domino reactions, metal-catalyzed, iodine catalyzed reactions and multi-component reactions. This review article mainly focuses on Lewis acid-mediated recent synthetic methods to access a variety of electron-rich and electron-poor functional groups substituted carbazole frameworks in one-pot reactions. Polyaromatic carbazole and their related nitrogen-based heterocyclic compounds were found in several synthetic applications in pharma industries, energy devices, and materials sciences. Moreover, the review paper briefly summarised new synthetic strategies of carbazole preparation approaches will assist academic and pharma industries in identifying innovative protocols for producing poly-functionalized carbazoles and related highly complex heterocyclic compounds and discovering active pharmaceutical drugs or carbazole-based alkaloids and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marappan Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry Karaikal-609609 Union Territory Puducherry India https://vasudeva49.wixsite.com/catalysislab
| | - Mahantesh G
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry Karaikal-609609 Union Territory Puducherry India https://vasudeva49.wixsite.com/catalysislab
| | - P Amaladass
- Department of Chemistry, Madanapalle Institute of Technology & Science Madanapalle 517325 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Chitrarasu Manikandan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry Karaikal-609609 Union Territory Puducherry India https://vasudeva49.wixsite.com/catalysislab
| | - Vasudevan Dhayalan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry Karaikal-609609 Union Territory Puducherry India https://vasudeva49.wixsite.com/catalysislab
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Ahlburg NL, Hergert O, Jones PG, Werz DB. Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes: Activation Enabled by a Single, Vinylogous Acceptor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214390. [PMID: 36322458 PMCID: PMC10099577 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A novel class of highly activated donor-acceptor cyclopropanes bearing only a single, vinylogous acceptor is presented. These strained moieties readily undergo cycloadditions with aldehydes, ketones, thioketones, nitriles, naphth-2-ols and various other substrates to yield the corresponding carbo- and heterocycles. Diastereocontrol can be achieved through the choice of catalyst (Brønsted or Lewis acid). The formation of tetrahydrofurans was shown to be highly enantiospecific when chiral cyclopropanes are employed. A series of mechanistic and kinetic experiments was conducted to elucidate a plausible catalytic cycle and to rationalize the stereochemical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils L. Ahlburg
- Technische Universität BraunschweigInstitute of Organic ChemistryHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Oliver Hergert
- Technische Universität BraunschweigInstitute of Organic ChemistryHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Technische Universität BraunschweigInstitute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgInstitute of Organic ChemistryAlbertstraße 2179104Freiburg (Breisgau)Germany
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4
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Yuan S, Guerra Faura G, Areheart HE, Peulen NE, France S. Lewis Acid-Catalyzed 2,3-Dihydrofuran Acetal Ring-Opening Benzannulations toward Functionalized 1-Hydroxycarbazoles. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238344. [PMID: 36500437 PMCID: PMC9737012 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The development of a Lewis acid-catalyzed, intramolecular ring-opening benzannulation of 5-(indolyl)2,3-dihydrofuran acetals is described. The resulting 1-hydroxycarbazole-2-carboxylates are formed in up to 90% yield in 1 h. The dihydrofuran acetals are readily accessed from the reactions of enol ethers and α-diazo-β-indolyl-β-ketoesters. To highlight the method's synthetic utility, a formal total synthesis of murrayafoline A, a bioactive carbazole-containing natural product, was undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoren Yuan
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Gabriel Guerra Faura
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Hailey E. Areheart
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Natalie E. Peulen
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Stefan France
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Correspondence:
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5
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Ahlburg NL, Hergert O, Jones PG, Werz DB. Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes: Activation Enabled by a Single, Vinylogous Acceptor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202214390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nils L. Ahlburg
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Oliver Hergert
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Institute of Organic Chemistry Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg (Breisgau) Germany
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Andreev I, Boichenko M, Ratmanova N, Ivanova O, Levina I, Khrustalev V, Sedov I, Trushkov I. 4‐(Dimethylamino)pyridinium Azide in Protic Ionic Liquid Media as a Stable Equivalent of Hydrazoic Acid. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Andreev
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Immunology RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Maksim Boichenko
- Lomonosov Moscow State University Department of Chemistry RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Nina Ratmanova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Immunology RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | | | - Irina Levina
- FSBSI Institute of Biochemical Physics named after N M Emanuel of the Russian Academy of Sciences RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | | | - Igor Sedov
- Kazan Federal University RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Igor Trushkov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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7
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Romero IE, Lantaño B, Postigo A, Bonesi SM. Photoinduced [6π]-Electrocyclic Reaction of Mono-, Di-, and Trisubstituted Triphenylamines in Acetonitrile. A Steady-State Investigation. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13439-13454. [PMID: 35675160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Direct irradiation of mono-, di-, and trisubstituted triphenylamine derivatives in acetonitrile as solvent with light of 254 nm has been systematically investigated, revealing that the exo/endo carbazole derivatives were formed as the main photoproducts from modest to good yields for triphenylamines substituted with electron-donor and neutral substituents. The kinetic profiles of the photoreaction were also recorded, and the consumption rate constants (k) were measured. These kinetic parameters show dependence on the nature of the substituents, and linear Hammett correlations were carried out to showcase the substituent effect. On the other hand, the spectroscopic behavior of the electron-rich substituted triphenylamines has been analyzed, suggesting that the fluorescence emission spectra display a mirror image of the lower energy absorption bands, while for those amines bearing electron-acceptor groups the formation of charge-transfer complexes and their fluorescence emissions constitute the main deactivation pathway of the photoreaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan E Romero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria, CONICET─Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina.,Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 954, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina
| | - Beatriz Lantaño
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 954, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina
| | - Al Postigo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 954, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina
| | - Sergio M Bonesi
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria, CONICET─Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
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Dhara S, Ghosh S, Das AR. An iron-catalyzed domino reaction of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes: a diastereoselective approach towards diversely functionalized pyrrolo-quinazolines. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1415-1424. [PMID: 35014658 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02215f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An expeditious synthetic route to access functionalized pyrrolo[2,1-b]quinazoline scaffolds has been achieved via domino ring opening cyclization (DROC) reactions of donor-acceptor (D-A) cyclopropanes and 2-amino(methyl)aniline derivatives. This novel iron catalyzed transformation is amenable to a wide range of substrates. Three new C-N bonds and two rings were sequentially constructed in this divergent one-pot process. The advantages of simple operation, high yields and general applicability make this procedure highly attractive and practical too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiran Dhara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata-700009, India.
| | - Subhadeep Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata-700009, India.
| | - Asish R Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata-700009, India.
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