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Zhou Q, Li B, Zhang X, Fan X. C-H activation-initiated spiroannulation reactions and their applications in the synthesis of spirocyclic compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2324-2338. [PMID: 38391295 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02056h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Spirocyclic skeletons are prevalent in natural products, pharmaceuticals and organic functional materials. Meanwhile, transition-metal-catalyzed C-H activation reactions have demonstrated unparalleled advantages such as high efficiency, excellent atom-economy, good chemoselectivity and regioselectivity for the formation of target organic molecules. In recent years, C-H activation reactions have been creatively utilized in the synthesis of spirocyclic compounds. This review summarizes the most recent progress made in C-H activation-initiated spiroannulation reactions and their applications in the construction of structurally diverse and biologically valuable spirocyclic scaffolds by using alkynes, diazo compounds, maleimides, alkenes, quinones and cyclopropenones as the coupling partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Xinying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Xuesen Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
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2
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Xu Y, Xiao Y, Zhang X, Fan X. Synthesis of Naphtho[1',2':4,5]furo[3,2- b]pyridinones via Ir(III)-Catalyzed C6/C5 Dual C-H Functionalization of N-Pyridyl-2-pyridones with Diazonaphthalen-2(1 H)-ones. Org Lett 2024; 26:786-791. [PMID: 38251835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Presented herein is an unprecedented synthesis of naphtho[1',2':4,5]furo[3,2-b]pyridinones via Ir(III)-catalyzed C6/C5 dual C-H functionalization of N-pyridyl-2-pyridones with diazonaphthalen-2(1H)-ones. This protocol forms C-C and C-O bonds in one pot in which diazonaphthalen-2(1H)-ones serve as bifunctional reagents, providing both alkyl and aryloxy sources. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of an Ir(III)-catalyzed synthesis of the title compounds by using diazonaphthalen-2(1H)-ones as bifunctional substrates. Notably, this method features operational simplicity, good functional group tolerance, high efficiency, and high atom economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshuang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yujing Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xuesen Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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3
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Dhandabani GK, Jeyakannu P, Shih CL, Abraham AM, Senadi GC, Wang JJ. A Regioselective [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Alkynols and Ketones To Access Diverse 1,3-Dioxolane Scaffolds. J Org Chem 2024; 89:719-724. [PMID: 38149308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a stepwise exoselective [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of alkynols with ketones, leading to the synthesis of 4-methylene-1,3-dioxolane derivatives. Remarkably, without any Thorpe-Ingold induced effect, the cyclization reaction was demonstrated with complete regio- and chemoselectivity, which was solely promoted by cesium carbonate. A wide range of unactivated ketones are viable under these mild reaction conditions, and both primary and tertiary alkynols are compatible with these cyclization reactions. We have prepared a diverse array of highly dense exomethylene 1,3-dioxolane rings demonstrating a remarkable tolerance for various functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Kumar Dhandabani
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan First Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, No. 33, Linsen S. Road, Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City 100025, Taiwan
| | - Palaniraja Jeyakannu
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan First Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Shih
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan First Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, No. 33, Linsen S. Road, Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City 100025, Taiwan
| | - Aksa Mariyam Abraham
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan First Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Gopal Chandru Senadi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeh-Jeng Wang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan First Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100, Tzyou First Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
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4
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Thorat SS, Shimpi SP, Sambherao PI, Rama Krishna G, Kontham R. Regioselective Synthesis of Benzannulated [5,6]-Oxaspirolactones via Cu(II)-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of 2-(5-Hydroxyalkynyl)benzoates. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38010985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Spiroketals and oxaspirolactones are widely found in biologically active natural products, serving as important structural motifs. In this study, we present a Cu(II)-catalyzed cascade cycloisomerization of 2-(5-hydroxyalkynyl)benzoates, enabling the regioselective synthesis of benzannulated [5,6]-oxaspirolactones containing an isochromen-1-one moiety. This strategy offers a rapid and efficient approach to access a diverse array of benzannulated [5,6]-oxaspirolactones. The methodology presented here showcases a broad substrate scope, delivering good yields and scalability up to gram scale. The structures of the oxaspirolactones were unequivocally confirmed through single-crystal X-ray analysis and by analogy using 1H and 13C{1H} NMR data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar S Thorat
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sagar P Shimpi
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pooja I Sambherao
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Gamidi Rama Krishna
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Center for Materials Characterization, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Ravindar Kontham
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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5
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Naskar K, Karmakar S, Mondal I, Sarkar W, Roy S, Roy A, Deb I. Synthesis of indene-fused spiro-dibenz(ox)azepines via Rh(III)-catalyzed cascade regioselective C-H activation/annulation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37129871 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01416a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We report an unprecedented atom-economic one-pot Cp*Rh(III)-catalyzed regioselective [3+2]-spiroannulation reaction between dibenz(ox)azepines and ynones, allowing the synthesis of biologically relevant novel spirocyclic dibenz(ox)azepines under operationally simple and mild reaction conditions. The reaction proceeds without any silver additive or external oxidant implementing a redox-neutral pathway. A broad substrate scope with diverse functional group tolerance permitted the regioselective synthesis of a wide spectrum of indene-containing spirocyclic dibenz(ox)azepines in good to excellent yields. Also, we showcased detailed mechanistic studies to justify the formation of spirocycles. In addition, the synthetic utility of this process was also demonstrated by the modular synthesis of various steroid conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Naskar
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4-Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Sudip Karmakar
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4-Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Imtiaj Mondal
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4-Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Writhabrata Sarkar
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4-Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Shantonu Roy
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4-Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Anupam Roy
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4-Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Indubhusan Deb
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4-Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Liu H, Chi W, Dong L. Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed Sterically Hindered C-H Acyloxylation to Synthesize Biaryl Isoquinoline Derivatives via Peresters. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 36812452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel C-H acyloxylation method of 1-(1-naphthalen-1-yl)isoquinoline derivatives with peresters in the presence of [Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]2 has been developed. The combination of ruthenium(II), AgBF4, CoI2, and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy is found to be an effective catalytic system to provide various biaryl compounds in satisfactory yields within minutes. Notably, steric hindrance is a very important determinant of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Chi
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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7
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Deng C, Jiang L, Yao J, Liang Q, Miao L, Li C, Miao M, Zhou H. Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Sequential Cyclization of N-Boc Hydrazones with Propargylic Monofluoroalkynes via C-H Activation/C-F Cleavage for the Synthesis of Spiro[cyclobutane-1,9'-indeno[1,2- a]indenes]. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6105-6114. [PMID: 35471941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An effective rhodium(III) catalysis for the construction of valuable tetracyclic compounds is described herein. This domino process involving the C-H activation/[3 + 2] annulation/intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction sequences of simple and readily available N-Boc hydrazones and propargylic monofluoroalkynes afforded fused tetracyclic spiro[cyclobutane-1,9'-indeno[1,2-a]indenes] in moderate to good yields, featuring three C-C bond formation. Moreover, control experiments indicated that the C-H activation might be involved in the rate-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China.,College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P. R. China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China.,College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P. R. China
| | - Jinzhong Yao
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P. R. China
| | - Qian Liang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P. R. China
| | - Lin Miao
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P. R. China
| | - Changchang Li
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P. R. China
| | - Maozhong Miao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P. R. China
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8
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Yin C, Li L, Yu C. Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H annulation of sulfoxonium ylides with iodonium ylides towards isocoumarins. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1112-1116. [PMID: 35040469 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02273c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The direct synthesis of isocoumarin skeletons has been realized through the Rh(III)-catalyzed [3 + 3] annulation of sulfoxonium ylides with iodonium carbenes. The synthetic protocol was constructed efficiently with broad functional group tolerance and mild reaction conditions. This reaction can be formally viewed as the result of C-H activation, carbene insertion and nucleophilic addition processes. Furthermore, the further conversions of the product and gram-scale reactions were also demonstrate to support the effectiveness of the synthesis protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanliu Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Lianghao Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Chuanming Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
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