Copper and Photocatalytic Radical Relay Enabling Fluoroalkylphosphorothiolation of Alkenes: Modular Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing S-Alkyl Phosphorothioates and Phosphorodithioates

Construction of Phosphorothiolated 2-Pyrrolidinones via Photoredox/Copper-Catalyzed Cascade Radical Cyclization/Phosphorothiolation

A photoredox/copper-catalyzed cascade radical cyclization/phosphorothiolation reaction of N-allylbromoacetamides and P(O)SH compounds has been established. A broad range of novel nonfluorine- or difluoro-substituted 2-pyrrolidinones bearing the C(sp3)-SP(O)(OR)2 moiety can be conveniently constructed in moderate to good yields under mild conditions. Importantly, most of the tested phosphorothiolated 2-pyrrolidinones showed potent inhibitory effects toward both AChE and BChE.

Synthesis of mixed phosphorotrithioates via thiol coupling with bis(diisopropylamino)chlorophosphine and sulphenyl chloride

In this study, we report a novel and efficient one-pot synthesis of mixed phosphorotrithioates under mild conditions at ambient temperature, obviating the requirement for supplementary additives. The method's versatility stems from its utilization of diverse thiols as nucleophilic reactants, 1-chloro-N,N,N',N'-tetraisopropylphosphanediamine [bis(diisopropylamino)chlorophosphine] as the phosphorus precursor, and various sulphenyl chlorides as sources of electrophilic sulfur. Notably, our investigation extends beyond mixed phosphorotrithioates to encompass the synthesis of phosphoroselenodithioates, underscoring the broad applicability of this synthetic protocol.

Copper-Catalyzed Fluoroalkylphosphorothiolation of Alkynes for the Synthesis of (E)-β-Fluoroalkyl Vinyl Phosphorothioates

A convenient copper-catalyzed three-component radical-based fluoroalkylphosphorothiolation of terminal alkynes with (iPrO)2P(O)SH and fluoroalkylation reagent for the synthesis of a variety of (E)-β-fluoroalkyl vinyl phosphorothioates with excellent regioselectivity and stereoselectivity has been developed. All the starting materials used in this reaction are highly stable and readily available. Thus, this process features with mild reaction conditions, simple operation and good functional group tolerance (>40 examples). Furthermore, this modular reaction system allows the late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecules.

Cascade Cyclization of 1,5-Diynols and (RO)2P(O)SH to Construct Benzo[b]fluorenyl S-Alkyl Phosphorothioates under Catalyst-Free Conditions

An efficient and practical cascade cyclization of 1,5-diynols with (RO)2P(O)SH as the acid promoter and nucleophile under mild conditions was developed. A variety of highly substituted benzo[b]fluorenyl-containing S-alkyl phosphorothioates were successfully constructed in moderate to excellent yields. Furthermore, this protocol exhibited good functional group tolerance, a broad substrate scope, and potential practical applications, with water as the only byproduct. The reaction proceeded with allenyl thiophosphate as a key intermediate, followed by a Schmittel-type cyclization process to produce the target product.

Copper-Catalyzed Difluoroalkylation Reaction

This review describes recent advances in copper-catalyzed difluoroalkylation reactions. The RCF₂ radical is generally proposed in the mechanism of these reactions. At present, various types of copper-catalyzed difluoroalkylation reactions have been realized. According to their characteristics, we classify these difluoroalkylation reactions into three types.

Palladium-catalyzed difluoroalkylative carbonylation of styrenes toward difluoropentanedioates

The introduction of fluorine atoms into organic molecules is an attractive but challenging topic. In this work, an interesting palladium-catalyzed difluoroalkylative carbonylation of aryl olefins has been developed. A wide range of aryl olefins were transformed into the corresponding difluoropentanedioate compounds with good functional-group tolerance and excellent regioselectivity. Inexpensive ethyl bromodifluoroacetate acts both as a difluoroalkyl precursor and a nucleophile here. Additionally, a scale-up reaction was also performed successfully, and further transformations of the obtained product were shown as well.