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Cen J, Zhu H, Hong C, Zhang X, Liu S, Yang B, Yu Y, Wen Y, Cao J, Chen W. Synthesis and structure-activity optimization of hydroxypyridinones against rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 263:115933. [PMID: 37976703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The important role of accumulated iron is well recognized in the pathophysiology of rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury (RM-AKI). Our previous work further confirmed the labile iron triggered iron-dependent ferroptosis thus leading to the renal failure. In view of this, a series of hydroxypyridinones (HOPOs) with excellent iron chelation capability have been designed and synthesized in this study. A lead compound 6k was identified with good ferroptosis inhibition (EC50 = 20 μM) and no obvious cytotoxicity (CC50 > 100 μM), indicating a good therapeutic window (safety index = CC50/EC50 > 5.00). Moreover, intraperitoneal treatment of 6k (10 mg/kg) displayed a superior protective effect than deferiprone (50 mg/kg) in glycerol-induced RM-AKI mice with alleviating kidney dysfunction and pathological injury, decreasing the renal iron level as well as downregulating the mRNA level of ferroptosis associated genes (Acls4 and Ptgs2). Also, 6k exhibited a good in vivo safety profile, even at single high dose up to 1 g/kg without inducing mortality or toxic symptoms. Importantly, 6k could significantly upregulate the protein hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, possibly involving HIF pathway against the ferroptosis. These results collectively highlighted that the strategy of iron chelation and downstream ferroptosis inhibition has a therapeutic potential against RM-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiying Zhu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenggang Hong
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuangrong Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; The Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Engineering Research Center of Innovative Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yongping Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanmei Wen
- The Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji Cao
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; The Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Engineering Research Center of Innovative Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Wenteng Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Zantioti-Chatzouda EM, Kotzabasaki V, Stratakis M. Synthesis of γ-Pyrones and N-Methyl-4-pyridones via the Au Nanoparticle-Catalyzed Cyclization of Skipped Diynones in the Presence of Water or Aqueous Methylamine. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8525-8533. [PMID: 35679874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Supported Au nanoparticles on TiO2 catalyze the hydration/6-endo cyclization of skipped diynones to γ-pyrones in aqueous dioxane, via triple bond activation. The isomeric 3(2H)-furanones which could be formed through a competing and often prevailing 5-exo cyclization pathway using homogeneous ionic Au(I) catalysts were not seen. The reaction does not proceed via the initial 1,3-transposition of the skipped diynones to their corresponding conjugated 1,3-diynone isomers. If aqueous methylamine is added, N-methyl-4-pyridones are exclusively formed in 69-79% yields via an analogous hydroamination/Au-catalyzed 6-endo cyclization pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manolis Stratakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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