1
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Li P, Tu JL, Hu AM, Zhu Y, Yin J, Guo L, Yang C, Xia W. Iron-Catalyzed Multicomponent C-H Alkylation of in Situ Generated Imines via Photoinduced Ligand-to-Metal Charge Transfer. Org Lett 2024; 26:6347-6352. [PMID: 39038192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a novel photoinduced iron-catalyzed strategy for multicomponent C-H alkylation of in situ generated imines. By utilizing the alkyl radicals generated through iron-mediated photocatalytic C-H activation, the imines formed in situ are further subjected to addition reactions, resulting in the synthesis of various secondary and tertiary amine products. This method is simple to operate and does not require additional oxidants. It is applicable to inert alkane substrates such as cyclic alkanes, cyclic ethers, toluene, and ketones. The reaction is also compatible with various aromatic amines, alkyl amines, halogenated aromatic amines, as well as aromatic aldehydes, alkyl aldehydes, and cinnamaldehyde, among other different types of aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Li
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jia-Lin Tu
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ao-Men Hu
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yining Zhu
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiawen Yin
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lin Guo
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wujiong Xia
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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2
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Qin J, Lei H, Gao C, Zheng Y, Zhao Y, Xia W. Light-induced ligand-to-metal charge transfer of Fe(III)-OR species in organic synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 39011956 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00876f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Light-induced ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) has been utilized as a powerful strategy in various organic reactions. First-row transition metals, especially iron complexes, show good applications in this process. Fe(III)-Cl and Fe(III)-OR species are two key intermediates involved in the LMCT of iron complexes. This review highlights studies on LMCT of Fe(III)-OR species, including carboxylate-iron and alkoxy-iron species, in organic transformations. Reaction conditions, substrate scope and related mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qin
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China.
| | - Hong Lei
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China.
| | - Chuanhua Gao
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China.
| | - Yuewen Zheng
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China.
| | - Yating Zhao
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China.
| | - Wujiong Xia
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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3
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Treacy SM, Rovis T. Photoinduced Ligand-to-Metal Charge Transfer in Base-Metal Catalysis. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2024; 56:1967-1978. [PMID: 38962497 PMCID: PMC11218547 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1751518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The absorption of light by photosensitizers has been shown to offer novel reactive pathways through electronic excited state intermediates, complementing ground state mechanisms. Such strategies have been applied in both photocatalysis and photoredox catalysis, driven by generating reactive intermediates from their long-lived excited states. One developing area is photoinduced ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) catalysis, in which coordination of a ligand to a metal center and subsequent excitation with light results in the formation of a reactive radical and a reduced metal center. This mini review concerns the foundations and recent developments in ligand-to-metal charge transfer in transition metal catalysis focusing on the organic transformations made possible through this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Treacy
- Columbia University, Department of Chemistry, 3000 Broadway, Havemeyer Hall, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - T Rovis
- Columbia University, Department of Chemistry, 3000 Broadway, Havemeyer Hall, New York, NY 10027, USA
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4
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Liu ZR, Zhu XY, Guo JF, Ma C, Zuo Z, Mei TS. Synergistic use of photocatalysis and convergent paired electrolysis for nickel-catalyzed arylation of cyclic alcohols. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:1866-1874. [PMID: 38670850 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The merging of transition metal catalysis with electrochemistry has become a powerful tool for organic synthesis because catalysts can govern the reactivity and selectivity. However, coupling catalysts with alkyl radical species generated by anodic oxidation remains challenging because of electrode passivation, dimerization, and overoxidation. In this study, we developed convergent paired electrolysis for the coupling of nickel catalysts with alkyl radicals derived from photoinduced ligand-to-metal charge-transfer of cyclic alcohols and iron catalysts, providing a practical method for site-specific and remote arylation of ketones. The synergistic use of photocatalysis with convergent paired electrolysis can provide alternative avenues for metal-catalyzed radical coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Ran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian-Feng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zhiwei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Tian-Sheng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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5
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Chen J, Gan Z, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Liu S, Cui R, Xue Z, Sun H, Shi L, Jiang WF, Jin Y. Iron-Catalyzed Photoredox Alcohol α-C-H Alkylation and Tandem Intramolecular Cyclization: Facile Access to Multisubstituted 2,3-Dihydrofurans and γ-Butyrolactones. Org Lett 2024; 26:5329-5334. [PMID: 38869223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Multisubstituted furans occupy a pivotal position within the realms of synthetic chemistry and pharmacological science due to their distinctive chemical configurations and inherent properties. We herein introduce a tandem difunctionalization protocol of alcohols for the efficient synthesis of multisubstituted 2,3-dihydrofurans and γ-butyrolactones through the combination of photocatalysis and iron catalysis under mild conditions. Photoredox alcohol α-C(sp3)-H activation and Pinner-type intramolecular cyclization are two key processes. This method features significant convenience, economic benefits, and environmental friendliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ziyu Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ziyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shuyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Rongqi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhiyan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Haoxiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wen-Feng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yunhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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6
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Hua R, Wang Q, Yin H, Chen FX. Organophotocatalytic Remote Thiocyanation Reaction via Ring-Opening Functionalization of Cycloalkanols. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400453. [PMID: 38634800 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The remote C(sp3)-SCN bond formation via ring-opening functionalization of cycloalkanols with N-thiocyanatosaccharin as the precursor of SCN radicals and pyrylium salt as the organic photocatalyst under visible light has been developed. Thus, various terminal keto thiocyanates were prepared without transition metals and oxidants in moderate to good yields. The simplicity, wide substrate scope and mild conditions feature its synthetic application capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Hua
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus), No. 8 Liangxiang East Road, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus), No. 8 Liangxiang East Road, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Hongquan Yin
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus), No. 8 Liangxiang East Road, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 8 Liangxiang East Road, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Fu-Xue Chen
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus), No. 8 Liangxiang East Road, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 8 Liangxiang East Road, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
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7
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Zou L, Sun R, Tao Y, Wang X, Zheng X, Lu Q. Photoelectrochemical Fe/Ni cocatalyzed C-C functionalization of alcohols. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5245. [PMID: 38898017 PMCID: PMC11187109 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49557-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The simultaneous activation of reactants on the anode and cathode via paired electrocatalysis has not been extensively demonstrated. This report presents a paired oxidative and reductive catalysis based on earth-abundant iron/nickel cocatalyzed C-C functionalization of ubiquitous alcohols. A variety of alcohols (i.e., primary, secondary, tertiary, or unstrained cyclic alcohols) can be activated at very low oxidation potential of (~0.30 V vs. Ag/AgCl) via photoelectrocatalysis coupled with versatile electrophiles. This reactivity yields a wide range of structurally diverse molecules with broad functional group compatibility (more than 50 examples).
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zou
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Rui Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yongsheng Tao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofan Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Zheng
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Qingquan Lu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.
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8
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Venkatraman RK, Tolba AH, Sølling TI, Cibulka R, El-Zohry AM. Ultrafast Events of Photoexcited Iron(III) Chloride for Activation of Benzylic C-H Bonds. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6202-6208. [PMID: 38836909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The usage of rare-earth-metal catalysts in the synthesis of organic compounds is widespread in chemical industries but is limited owing to its environmental and economic costs. However, recent studies indicate that abundant-earth metals like iron(III) chloride can photocatalyze diverse organic transformations using blue-light LEDs. Still, the underlying mechanism behind such activity is debatable and controversial, especially in the absence of ultrafast spectroscopic results. To address this urgent challenge, we performed femtosecond time-resolved electronic absorption spectroscopy experiments of iron(III) chloride in selected organic solvents relevant to its photocatalytic applications. Our results show that the long-lived species [Fe(II) ← Cl•]* is primarily responsible for both oxidizing the organic substrate and reducing molecular oxygen through the diffusion process, leading to the final product and regenerating the photocatalyst rather than the most widely proposed free chloride radical (Cl•). Our study will guide the rational design of efficient earth-abundant photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Venkatraman
- Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy Lab Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Hassan Tolba
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 2074020, Egypt
| | - Theis I Sølling
- Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy Lab Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Radek Cibulka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ahmed M El-Zohry
- Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy Lab Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Xia GD, Li R, Zhang L, Wei Y, Hu XQ. Iron-Catalyzed Photochemical Synthesis of Sulfinamides from Aliphatic Hydrocarbons and Sulfinylamines. Org Lett 2024; 26:3703-3708. [PMID: 38668695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
An iron-catalyzed photochemical sulfinamidation of hydrocarbons with N-sulfinylamines has been developed. The merger of ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) of FeCl3 with hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process is the key for the generation of alkyl radicals from hydrocarbons, and the resultant alkyl radicals were readily trapped by N-sulfinylamines to produce structurally diverse sulfinamides. Contrary to traditional methods that inevitably use sensitive organometallic reagents and prefunctionalized substrates, our approach features simple operation and the wide availability of starting materials. Gratifyingly, the reaction is scalable, and the obtained sulfinamides can be conveniently converted to highly functionalized sulfur(VI) derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Da Xia
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Run Li
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
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10
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Xiong N, Zhou C, Li S, Wang S, Ke C, Rong Z, Li Y, Zeng R. Iron-Catalyzed Csp 2-Csp 3 Cross-Coupling via Double Decarboxylation: One Step Synthesis of Remote Polar Alkenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:2029-2033. [PMID: 38437519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report an efficient photoinduced iron-catalyzed strategy for cross-couplings of alkyl carboxylic and acrylic acids, which provides a powerful tool for the synthesis of a variety of alkenes with polar functional groups. This novel synthetic methodology can also be applied to the preparation of ketones by using α-keto acids. Mechanistic experiments revealed preliminary mechanistic details. Diverse functionalization could be achieved, which may help streamline the synthesis of complex analogues for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Xiong
- Hwamei College of Life and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Chengxiang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, 710065, P. R. China
| | - Shiyi Li
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Sichang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, 710065, P. R. China
| | - Congyu Ke
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, 710065, P. R. China
| | - Zhouting Rong
- Hwamei College of Life and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Rong Zeng
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
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11
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Liu SH, Dong ZC, Zang ZL, Zhou CH, Cai GX. Selective α-oxidation of amides via visible-light-driven iron catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1205-1212. [PMID: 38224270 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01984e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) as one of the highly reactive species can react unselectively with a wide range of chemicals. The ˙OH radicals are typically generated under harsh conditions. Herein, we report hydroxyl radical-induced selective N-α C(sp3)-H bond oxidation of amides under greener and mild conditions via an Fe(NO3)3·9H2O catalyst inner sphere pathway upon irradiation with a 30 W blue LED light strip (λ = 455 nm) using NaBrO3 as the oxidant. This protocol exhibited high chemoselectivity and excellent functional group tolerance. A preliminary mechanism investigation demonstrated that the iron catalyst afforded hydroxyl radicals via the visible-light-induced homolysis (VLIH) of iron complexes followed by a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process to realize this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hong Liu
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi-Chao Dong
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Zhong-Lin Zang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Gui-Xin Cai
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
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12
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Song S, Li Z, Wang L, Zeng T, Hu Q, Zhu J. Photoredox and NHC Enabled Deoxygenative Alcohol Homologation via Formal 1,2-Addition. Org Lett 2024; 26:264-268. [PMID: 38147643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
A highly efficient photoinduced iron-catalyzed method has been developed for the direct use of alcohols as surrogates for organometallic reagents in the synthesis of tertiary alcohols. This method can be applied to both primary and secondary alcohols with diverse structures, enabling their reaction with aryl ketones under mild conditions. A variety of functional groups, including those that are typically reactive under conventional tertiary alcohol synthesis conditions, are compatible. Mechanistically, this reaction proceeds through the direct addition of the radical to the carbonyl pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Zhongxian Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Lele Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Tianlong Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
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13
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Keum H, Ryoo H, Kim D, Chang S. Amidative β-Scission of Alcohols Enabled by Dual Catalysis of Photoredox Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer and Inner-Sphere Ni-Nitrenoid Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1001-1008. [PMID: 38109265 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The photoredox/Ni dual catalysis is an appealing strategy to enable unconventional C-heteroatom bond formation. While significant advances have been achieved using this system, intermolecular C(sp3)-N bond formation has been relatively underdeveloped due to the difficulty in C(sp3)-N reductive elimination. Herein, we present a new mechanistic approach that utilizes dioxazolones as the Ni(II)-nitrenoid precursor to capture carbon-centered radicals by merging proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) with nickel catalysis, thus forming synthetically versatile N-alkyl amides using alcohols. Based on mechanistic investigations, the involvement of (κ2-N,O)Ni(II)-nitrenoid species was proposed to capture photoredox PCET-induced alkyl radicals, thereby playing a pivotal role to enable the C(sp3)-N bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyun Keum
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Harin Ryoo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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14
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Jiang YS, Li SS, Luo XL, Chen LN, Chen DN, Xia PJ. Photoinduced Difunctionalization of Diazenes Enabled by N-N Radical Coupling. Org Lett 2023; 25:6671-6676. [PMID: 37642680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a metal-free difunctionalization strategy for diazenes was developed using a range of bifunctionalization reagents. This strategy involves a unique N(sp3)-N(sp2) radical coupling between the hydrazine radical and the imine radical. More than 30 triazane core motifs were constructed by installing imines and various functional groups, including alkyl, phenyl, cyanoalkyl, and sulfonyl groups, on both ends of the nitrogen-nitrogen bond of diazenes in an efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shi Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Ling Luo
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ning Chen
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Na Chen
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Ju Xia
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
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15
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de Groot LHM, Ilic A, Schwarz J, Wärnmark K. Iron Photoredox Catalysis-Past, Present, and Future. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9369-9388. [PMID: 37079887 PMCID: PMC10161236 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis of organic reactions driven by iron has attracted substantial attention throughout recent years, due to potential environmental and economic benefits. In this Perspective, three major strategies were identified that have been employed to date to achieve reactivities comparable to the successful noble metal photoredox catalysis: (1) Direct replacement of a noble metal center by iron in archetypal polypyridyl complexes, resulting in a metal-centered photofunctional state. (2) In situ generation of photoactive complexes by substrate coordination where the reactions are driven via intramolecular electron transfer involving charge-transfer states, for example, through visible-light-induced homolysis. (3) Improving the excited-state lifetimes and redox potentials of the charge-transfer states of iron complexes through new ligand design. We seek to give an overview and evaluation of recent developments in this rapidly growing field and, at the same time, provide an outlook on the future of iron-based photoredox catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa H M de Groot
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Aleksandra Ilic
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Jesper Schwarz
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Wärnmark
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
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16
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Xiong N, Li Y, Zeng R. Merging Photoinduced Iron-Catalyzed Decarboxylation with Copper Catalysis for C–N and C–C Couplings. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ni Xiong
- School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Rong Zeng
- School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
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17
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Xu P, Su W, Ritter T. Decarboxylative sulfoximination of benzoic acids enabled by photoinduced ligand-to-copper charge transfer. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13611-13616. [PMID: 36507153 PMCID: PMC9682917 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05442f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfoximines are synthetically important scaffolds and serve important roles in drug discovery. Currently, there is no solution to decarboxylative sulfoximination of benzoic acids; although thoroughly investigated, limited substrate scope and harsh reaction conditions still hold back traditional thermal aromatic decarboxylative functionalization. Herein, we realize the first decarboxylative sulfoximination of benzoic acids via photo-induced ligand to copper charge transfer (copper-LMCT)-enabled decarboxylative carbometalation. The transformation proceeds under mild reaction conditions, has a broad substrate scope, and can be applied to late-stage functionalization of complex small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1D-45470 Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Wanqi Su
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1D-45470 Mülheim an der RuhrGermany,Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074 AachenGermany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1D-45470 Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
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18
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Kato Y, Yoshino T, Gao M, Hasegawa JY, Kojima M, Matsunaga S. Iron/Photosensitizer Hybrid System Enables the Synthesis of Polyaryl-Substituted Azafluoranthenes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18450-18458. [PMID: 36167469 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photosensitization of organometallics is a privileged strategy that enables challenging transformations in transition-metal catalysis. However, the usefulness of such photocatalyst-induced energy transfer has remained opaque in iron-catalyzed reactions despite the intriguing prospects of iron catalysis in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we demonstrate the use of iron/photosensitizer-cocatalyzed cycloaddition to synthesize polyarylpyridines and azafluoranthenes, which have been scarcely accessible using the established iron-catalyzed protocols. Mechanistic studies indicate that triplet energy transfer from the photocatalyst to a ferracyclic intermediate facilitates the thermally demanding nitrile insertion and accounts for the distinct reactivity of the hybrid system. This study thus provides the first demonstration of the role of photosensitization in overcoming the limitations of iron catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Kato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Yoshino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.,Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Min Gao
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Jun-Ya Hasegawa
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kojima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shigeki Matsunaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.,Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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19
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Wu Q, Liu W, Wang M, Huang Y, Hu P. Iron-catalyzed deconstructive alkylation through chlorine radical induced C-C single bond cleavage under visible light. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9886-9889. [PMID: 35980142 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03896j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Selective C-C single bond cleavage of simple compounds is a highly challenging and desired process. Herein, a chlorine radical-induced deconstructive C-C bond alkylation with alcohols and alkenes catalyzed by iron salts was reported for the first time. Readily available alcohols and various electron-deficient alkenes were tolerated. Late-stage and large-scale reactions proceed smoothly. This catalyst system shows potential for diversified deconstructive functionalization of simple C-C bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wu
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Miao Wang
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yahao Huang
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Peng Hu
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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20
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Juliá F. Ligand‐to‐Metal Charge Transfer (LMCT) Photochemistry at 3d‐Metal Complexes: An Emerging Tool for Sustainable Organic Synthesis. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Juliá
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia: Institut Catala d'Investigacio Quimica Chemistry Av Paisos Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona SPAIN
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21
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Zhang Y, Qian J, Wang M, Huang Y, Hu P. Visible-Light-Induced Decarboxylative Fluorination of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids Catalyzed by Iron. Org Lett 2022; 24:5972-5976. [PMID: 35950813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and inexpensive protocol for the direct decarboxylative fluorination of aliphatic carboxylic acids catalyzed with iron salts under visible light is presented. This new method allows the facile fluorination of a diverse array of carboxylic acids even on gram scale using a Schlenk flask without loss of efficiency. Mechanistic studies suggest that the photoinduced ligand-to-metal charge transfer process enables the generation of the key step to generate the carboxyl radical intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiahui Qian
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yahao Huang
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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22
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Yang Z, Yang D, Zhang J, Tan C, Li J, Wang S, Zhang H, Huang Z, Lei A. Electrophotochemical Ce-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Functionalization of Cycloalkanols under Redox-Neutral Conditions: Scope and Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13895-13902. [PMID: 35861667 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Selective cleavage and functionalization of C-C bonds in alcohols is gaining increasing interest in organic synthesis and biomass conversion. In particular, the development of redox-neutral catalytic methods with cheap catalysts and clean energy is of utmost interest. In this work, we report a versatile redox-neutral method for the ring-opening functionalization of cycloalkanols by electrophotochemical (EPC) cerium (Ce) catalysis. The EPC-Ce-enabled catalysis allows for cycloalkanols with different ring sizes to be cleaved while tolerating a broad range of functional groups. Notably, in the presence of chloride as a counteranion and electrolyte, this protocol selectively leads to the formation of C-CN, C-C, C-S, or C-oxime bonds instead of a C-halide bond after β-scission. A preliminary mechanistic investigation indicates that the redox-active Ce catalyst can be tuned by electro-oxidation and photo-reduction, thus avoiding the use of an external oxidant. Spectroscopic characterizations (cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis, electron paramagnetic resonance, and X-ray absorption fine structure) suggest a Ce(III)/Ce(IV) catalytic pathway for this transformation, in which a Ce(IV)-alkoxide is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoliang Yang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Dali Yang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jianye Zhang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Chenyu Tan
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Shengchun Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zhiliang Huang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, P. R. China.,National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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23
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Salaverri N, Carli B, Gratal PB, Marzo L, Alemán J. Remote Giese Radical Addition by Photocatalytic Ring Opening of Activated Cycloalkanols. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Salaverri
- Organic Chemistry Department Módulo 1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Benedetta Carli
- Organic Chemistry Department Módulo 1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Patricia B. Gratal
- Organic Chemistry Department Módulo 1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Leyre Marzo
- Organic Chemistry Department Módulo 1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - José Alemán
- Organic Chemistry Department Módulo 1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain
- Center for Innovation in Advanced Chemistry (ORFEO-CINQA) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain
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24
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Wang K, Zeng R. Photoinduced Fe-Catalyzed Bromination and Iodination of Unstrained Cyclic Alcohols. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00709f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a photoinduced iron catalysis for the efficient C─C bond cleavage and bromination or iodination of unstrained tertiary cycloalkanols with NBS/NIS. The reaction features good functional group tolerance and...
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25
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Wang Y, He Q, Cao Z, Wang P, Chen G, Beller M. Hypervalent-iodine promoted selective cleavage of C(sp 3)–C(sp 3) bonds in ethers. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01114j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-promoted and radical-mediated strategy for the site-specific cleavage of C(sp3)–C(sp3) bonds in ethers is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany
| | - Qin He
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zehui Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany
| | - Gong Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany
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