1
|
Yang Y, Zhang W, Pang S, Huang H, Sun C. 2,2'-Bisdinitromethyl-5,5'-bistetrazole: A High-Performance, Multi-Nitro Energetic Material with Excellent Oxygen Balance. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39129560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Bistetrazoles are highly sought after for developing innovative high-energy density materials. The 1,1'-substituted bistetrazoles, exemplified by TKX-50, have outstanding performance. However, the research of high-perfomance 2,2'-substituted bistetrazoles remains limited. In this work, dinitromethyl groups were introduced into bistetrazole structures as 2,2'-substituted bistetrazoles (BDBTZ), which was extensively characterized through NMR, thermal analysis, and single crystal X-ray diffraction, exhibiting excellent oxygen balance, moderate sensitivity, acceptable thermal stability, high crystal density, and excellent detonation performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenjin Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Siping Pang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - He Huang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chenghui Sun
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pandey K, Tiwari A, Singh J, Bhatia P, Das P, Kumar D, Shreeve JM. Pushing the Limit of Oxygen Balance on a Benzofuroxan Framework: K 2DNDP as an Extremely Dense and Thermally Stable Material as a Substitute for Lead Azide. Org Lett 2024; 26:1952-1958. [PMID: 38411560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Because of environmental and health impacts, there is an ongoing necessity to develop sustainable primary explosives to replace existing lead-based analogues. Now we describe a potential primary explosive, dipotassium 4,6-dinitro-5,7-dioxidobenzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 1-oxide (K2DNDP), which exhibits an excellent thermal stability (Tdec = 281 °C), positive oxygen balance (+4.79%), and a calculated crystal density of ρ = 2.274 g cm-3 at 100 K. Its physicochemical properties concomitantly with its straightforward synthesis make it a potential replacement for lead-based initiators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Pandey
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Atharva Tiwari
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jatinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
| | - Prachi Bhatia
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Priyanka Das
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dheeraj Kumar
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jean'ne M Shreeve
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cui WH, Liu Q, Ye Z, He Y. Design and Synthesis of Bistetrazole-Based Energetic Salts Bearing the Nitrogen-Rich Fused Ring. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37471513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
A series of bistetrazole-based energetic salts bearing a nitrogen-rich fused ring were designed and synthesized. Among them, compounds 4-10 showed good detonation properties and excellent thermostability. By treating nitrogen-rich fused ring 3 with concentrated hydrochloric acid, a new type of Dimroth rearrangement was observed that afforded compound 12 efficiently. This new transformation herein constitutes a valuable addition to the Dimroth rearrangement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li HY, Wei D, Du YH, Liu ZT, Bai ZX, Liu FS, Liu QJ. Effects of pressure on structural, electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of nitrogen-rich energetic material: 6-azido-8-nitrotetrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazine-7-amine (3at). J Mol Model 2023; 29:43. [PMID: 36653549 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT AND RESULTS 6-Azido-8-nitrotetrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazine-7-amine (3at) is a promising green energetic material, which meets the development requirements of environment-friendly explosives. By discussing the relationship between lattice parameters and pressure, it is found that the compression ratio indicates anisotropy of compressibility. And bond lengths get shorter under pressure, resulting in stronger intermolecular bonds. The N3 group rotates under pressure. And then, the optical properties basically change regularly with the change of pressure. As the pressure increases, the absorption range widens. In the low energy interval, it shows transparency, and then with the increase of energy and pressure, it shows better optical activity. With the increase of pressure and energy, the absorption coefficient increases, representing that the optical activity becomes high. Finally, according to the analysis of mechanical properties, 3at exhibited brittle behavior at 0 GPa and 100 GPa, while at 10 to 90 GPa, the values of ν and B/G are malleable. COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL TECHNIQUES Based on density functional theory, the crystal parameters, electronic properties, optical properties, and elastic and mechanical properties of 3at under different pressures were studied theoretically. The GGA-PW91+OBS method was used to calculate the physical parameters under pressure, such as lattice parameters, energy band structures, dielectric function, refractive index, absorption coefficient, and elastic constants. Physical properties under (3at) pressure are predicted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Li
- Bond and Band Engineering Group, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Wei
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Hua Du
- Bond and Band Engineering Group, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Tang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xin Bai
- Bond and Band Engineering Group, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fu-Sheng Liu
- Bond and Band Engineering Group, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi-Jun Liu
- Bond and Band Engineering Group, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Singh J, Chinnam AK, Staples RJ, Shreeve JM. Energetic Salts of Sensitive N,N'-(3,5-Dinitropyrazine-2,6-diyl)dinitramide Stabilized through Three-Dimensional Intermolecular Interactions. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:16493-16500. [PMID: 36194387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
N-nitration of 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine (ANPZ) leads to a sensitive energetic compound N,N'-(3,5-dinitropyrazine-2,6-diyl)dinitramide. This nitro(nitroamino) compound was stabilized by synthesizing energetic salts, dipotassium (3,5-dinitropyrazine-2,6-diyl)bis(nitroamide) (3) and diammonium (3,5-dinitropyrazine-2,6-diyl)bis(nitroamide) (4). Compounds 3 and 4 are fully characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 3 exhibits a three-dimensional energetic metal-organic framework (3D EMOF) structure and an outstanding overall performance by combining high experimental density (2.10 g cm-3), good thermal stability (Td(onset) = 220 °C), and good calculated performance of detonation (D = 8300 m s-1, P = 29.9 GPa). Compound 4 has acceptable thermal stability (155 °C), moderate experimental density (1.73 g cm-3), and good calculated performance of detonation (D = 8624 m s-1, P = 30.8 GPa). The sensitivities of compounds 3 and 4 toward impact and friction were determined following standard methods (BAM). The energetic character of compounds 3 and 4 was determined using red-hot needle and heated plate tests. The results highlight a 3D EMOF (3) based on a six-membered heterocycle as a potential energetic material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
| | - Ajay Kumar Chinnam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
| | - Richard J Staples
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Jean'ne M Shreeve
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Stierstorfer J, Benz M, Klapötke TM. 1‐Nitrimino‐5‐azidotetrazole ‒ Extending Energetic Tetrazole Chemistry. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200186. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Stierstorfer
- Ludwig Maximilians Universität München Chemistry and Biochemistry Butenandtstr. 5-13Haus D 81377 München GERMANY
| | - Maximilian Benz
- LMU München: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen Chemistry Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München GERMANY
| | - Thomas M Klapötke
- LMU München: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen Chemistry Butenandtstr. 5-13 81477 München GERMANY
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tamba S, Nitani M, Seo T, Nitta H, Tanaka H, Hagiya K, Aso Y, Ie Y. Tetrazolo[1,5- a]pyridine-Containing π-Conjugated Systems: Synthesis, Properties, and Semiconducting Characteristics. Org Lett 2022; 24:3792-3796. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Tamba
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Masashi Nitani
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takuji Seo
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Hajime Nitta
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Hikaru Tanaka
- Toyobo Co., Ltd., 2-1-1 Katata, Otsu, Shiga 520-0292, Japan
| | | | - Yoshio Aso
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ie
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|