1
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Xie ZY, Tang C, Li L, Zhou Z, Zou J, Qian PC. Rhodium-Catalyzed Regioselective [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of Ynamines and 2-(Cyanomethyl)phenylboronates. Org Lett 2024; 26:6586-6590. [PMID: 39079756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
A rhodium-catalyzed [4 + 2] cycloaddition of ynamines and 2-(cyanomethyl)phenylboronates has been developed, leading to efficient and excellent regioselective synthesis of valuable indole-linked aromatic compounds in a concise and flexible approach. Interestingly, this strategy was successful in the construction of C···N axially chiral indoles with high enantiocontrol by the introduction of a new phosphoramidite ligand (Xie-Phos).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yang Xie
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Conghui Tang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Long Li
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zijun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Science, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Qian
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- College of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Enginering, Taizhou Vocational & Technical College, Taizhou 318000, China
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2
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Shen DT, Wu WR, Zou WX, Hu Q, Wei J, Bao MZ, Liu X, Zhang SS. Isocyanide-Based Multicomponent Reaction: Cascade α-Acyloxylation/Carboxamidation and [3 + 1+1] Cyclization of I (III)/S (VI)-Ylides. Org Lett 2024; 26:6263-6268. [PMID: 38995695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
A metal-free cascade of α-acyloxylation/carboxamidation of I(III)/S(VI)-ylides, carboxylic acids, and isonitriles via a Passerini-like multicomponent reaction is reported. Unexpectedly, [3 + 1+1] cyclization involving I(III)/S(VI)-ylides and two molecules of ethyl isocyanoacetate was observed. The strategy allows for the synthesis of unsymmetrical α,α-disubstituted ketones and functionalized pyrroles with up to 99% yield and wide substrate compatibility. Notably, the procedure has been extended to the late-stage modification of drugs and natural products, offering an elegant complement to the classic Passerini reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Ting Shen
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Rong Wu
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Xuan Zou
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Hu
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiaohang Wei
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Zhu Bao
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528458, P. R. China
| | - Shang-Shi Zhang
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
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3
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Zou WX, Hu Q, Shen DT, Wu WR, Wei J, Yang ZF, Bao MZ, Liu X, Zhang SS. A Platform for the Synthesis of Diverse Phosphonyl and Thiofunctionalized Sulfoxonium Ylides. Org Lett 2024; 26:5811-5816. [PMID: 38940397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
A practical strategy for the construction of diverse phosphonyl and thiofunctionalized sulfoxonium ylides via controllable monofunctionalization of hybrid I(III)/S(VI) ylides is presented. This process allows efficient P-H insertion of I(III)/S(VI) ylides under Cu catalysis, enabling the synthesis of phosphonyl sulfoxonium ylides, whereas reaction with sulfur-containing reagents including AgSCF3, KSC(S)OR, and KSCN under mild conditions resulted in α-trifluoromethylthiolation, dithiocarbanation, and thiocyanation of sulfoxonium ylides accordingly. Of note, wide substrate compatibility (108 examples), excellent efficiency (up to 99% yield), gram-scale experiments, and various product derivatizations highlight the synthetic utility of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xuan Zou
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Hu
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Ting Shen
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Rong Wu
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiaohang Wei
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Feng Yang
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Zhu Bao
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P. R. China
| | - Shang-Shi Zhang
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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4
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Mi E, Zhou L, Tong Y, Qiu X, Zeng X, Li J, Xiong B. Copper-Mediated Cyclization of Terminal Alkynes with CF 3-Imidoyl Sulfoxonium Ylides To Construct 5-Trifluoromethylpyrroles. Org Lett 2024; 26:2249-2254. [PMID: 38451534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
A copper-mediated [3 + 2] cyclization of CF3-imidoyl sulfoxonium ylides and terminal alkynes has been demonstrated. This work provides a practical approach for assembling 5-trifluoromethylpyrroles with the merits of a broad substrate scope, good functional tolerance, and mild reaction conditions. Control experiments and DFT studies indicate that this reaction may involve the addition of π-bonds of terminal alkynes by copper-carbene radicals and hydrogen migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mi
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Li Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Yixin Tong
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Xiaodong Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Xiaobao Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Biao Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
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5
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Liu CX, Yin SY, Zhao F, Yang H, Feng Z, Gu Q, You SL. Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric C-H Functionalization Reactions. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10079-10134. [PMID: 37527349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the advancements in rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric C-H functionalization reactions during the last two decades. Parallel to the rapidly developed palladium catalysis, rhodium catalysis has attracted extensive attention because of its unique reactivity and selectivity in asymmetric C-H functionalization reactions. In recent years, Rh-catalyzed asymmetric C-H functionalization reactions have been significantly developed in many respects, including catalyst design, reaction development, mechanistic investigation, and application in the synthesis of complex functional molecules. This review presents an explicit outline of catalysts and ligands, mechanism, the scope of coupling reagents, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xu Liu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Si-Yong Yin
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Fangnuo Zhao
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Zuolijun Feng
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Qing Gu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Li You
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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6
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Li T, Shi L, Zhao X, Wang J, Si XJ, Yang D, Song MP, Niu JL. C-N Axially Chiral Heterobiaryl Skeletons Construction via Cobalt-Catalyzed Atroposelective Annulation. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37428108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the atroposelective construction of five-six heterobiaryl skeleton-based C-N chiral axis has been successfully accomplished via a Co-catalyzed C-H bond activation and annulation process, in which the isonitrile was employed as the C1 source and the 8-aminoquinoline moiety served as both directing group and integral part of C-N atropisomers, respectively. This conversion can be effectively carried out in an environmentally friendly oxygen atmosphere, generating the target axial heterobiaryls with excellent reactivities and enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee) in the absence of any additives, and the obtained 3-iminoisoindolinone products with a five membered N-heterocycle exhibit high atropostability. Additionally, the C-N axially chiral monophosphine backbones derived from this protocol possess the potential to become an alternative ligand platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Shi
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jianli Wang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ju Si
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Yang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Mao-Ping Song
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Long Niu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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7
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Chen SY, Zeng YF, Zou WX, Shen DT, Zheng YC, Song JL, Zhang SS. Divergent Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Phenols via [3 + 3] Cycloaddition Reaction of Vinyl Sulfoxonnium Ylides with Cyclopropenones. Org Lett 2023; 25:4286-4291. [PMID: 37265108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Two categories of tetrasubstituted phenols were prepared via the cycloaddition reaction of vinyl sulfoxonnium ylides with cyclopropenones in a switchable manner. Copper carbenoid was proposed as the active intermediate in the process of 2,3,4,5-tetrasubstituted phenols formation, while 2,3,5,6-tetrasubstituted phenols were generated via the direct [3 + 3] annulation of vinyl sulfoxonnium ylides with cyclopropenones under metal-free conditions. Further synthetic applications were also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yong Chen
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yao-Fu Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Wen-Xuan Zou
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Ting Shen
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Chuan Zheng
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Lin Song
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shang-Shi Zhang
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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8
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Mao Y, Chen W, Li C, Miao L, Lin Y, Ling F, Chen Z, Yao J. Synthesis of 3,4,5-trisubstituted phenols via Rh(III)-catalyzed alkenyl C-H activation assisted by phosphonium cations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3775-3778. [PMID: 36912283 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00017f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
An efficient method for the construction of various 3,4,5-trisubstituted phenol derivatives has been achieved via the Rh(III)-catalyzed coupling of phosphonium cations with internal alkynes. This protocol shows good substrate compatibility, as an array of structurally and electronically diverse phosphonium compounds react efficiently with up to 87% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Mao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wenxi Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Changchang Li
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lin Miao
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yanfei Lin
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Fei Ling
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Zhangpei Chen
- Center for Molecular Science and Engineering, College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Jinzhong Yao
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China.
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9
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Zhang M, Zhao P, Wu D, Qiu Z, Zhao C, Zhang W, Li F, Zhou J, Liu L. Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Reaction of N-arylnaphthalen-2-amines with Quinone Esters for the Construction of Carbazole and C-N Axially Chiral Carbazole Derivatives. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 36812409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated here an efficient synthetic method of carbazole derivatives from readily available N-arylnaphthalen-2-amines and quinone esters catalyzed by Brønsted acid. With this strategy, a series of carbazole derivatives were obtained in good to excellent yields (76 to >99) under mild conditions. Large scale reaction illustrated the synthetic utility of this protocol. Meanwhile, a series of C-N axially chiral carbazole derivatives were also constructed in moderate to good yields (36-89% yield) with moderate to excellent atroposelectivities (44-94% ee) by using chiral phosphoric acid as a catalyst, which provides a novel strategy for the atroposelective construction of C-N axially chiral compounds and a new member of the C-N atropisomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Zhang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Pin Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Dongqing Wu
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Zhichao Qiu
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Chenyue Zhao
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Feng Li
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lantao Liu
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China.,College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
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10
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Chen ZH, Li TZ, Wang NY, Ma XF, Ni SF, Zhang YC, Shi F. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral N,N'-Bisindoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300419. [PMID: 36749711 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study establishes the first organocatalytic enantioselective synthesis of axially chiral N,N'-bisindoles via chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed formal (3+2) cycloadditions of indole-based enaminones as novel platform molecules with 2,3-diketoesters, where de novo indole-ring formation is involved. Using this new strategy, various axially chiral N,N'-bisindoles were synthesized in good yields and with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 87 % yield and 96 % ee). More importantly, this class of axially chiral N,N'-bisindoles exhibited some degree of cytotoxicity toward cancer cells and was derived into axially chiral phosphine ligands with high catalytic activity. This study provides a new strategy for enantioselective synthesis of axially chiral N,N'-bisindoles using asymmetric organocatalysis and is the first to realize the applications of such scaffolds in medicinal chemistry and asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Han Chen
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Tian-Zhen Li
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China.,School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Ning-Yi Wang
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Ma
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yu-Chen Zhang
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China.,School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
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11
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Phukon J, Bhorali P, Changmai S, Gogoi S. Hydroxyl-Directed Ru(II)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Fused Dihydrofurans Using 1,4-Dioxane and Sulfoxonium Ylides as Annulating Agents. Org Lett 2023; 25:215-219. [PMID: 36594667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented annulation reaction is developed for the synthesis of dihydrofuran-fused compounds. In this Ru-catalyzed hydroxyl-group-directed reaction, easily affordable sulfoxonium ylides and 1,4-dioxane were used as the annulating partners. This is the first example of the use of 1,4-dioxane as a methylene source to construct a heterocyclic scaffold. A wide range of dihydrofuran0fused coumarins and naphthalenes were synthesized using this three-component reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotshna Phukon
- Applied Organic Chemistry, Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pratiksha Bhorali
- Applied Organic Chemistry, Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sumi Changmai
- Applied Organic Chemistry, Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sanjib Gogoi
- Applied Organic Chemistry, Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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12
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Kong L, Zou Y, Li XX, Zhang XP, Li X. Rhodium-catalyzed enantioselective C-H alkynylation of sulfoxides in diverse patterns: desymmetrization, kinetic resolution, and parallel kinetic resolution. Chem Sci 2023; 14:317-322. [PMID: 36687346 PMCID: PMC9811495 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05310a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodium-catalyzed enantioselective C-H alkynylation of achiral and racemic sulfoxides is disclosed with alkynyl bromide as the alkynylating reagent. A wide range of chiral sulfoxides have been constructed in good yield and excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee, s-factor up to > 500) via desymmetrization, kinetic resolution, and parallel kinetic resolution under mild reaction conditions. The high enantioselectivity was rendered by the chiral cyclopentadienyl rhodium(iii) catalyst paired with a chiral carboxamide additive. The interactions between the chiral catalyst, the sulfoxide, and the chiral carboxylic amide during the C-H bond cleavage offer the asymmetric induction, which is validated by DFT calculations. The chiral carboxamide functions as a base to promote C-H activation and offers an additional chiral environment during the C-H cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingheng Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an 710062China
| | - Yun Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an 710062China
| | - Xiao-Xi Li
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China
| | - Xue-Peng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an 710062China
| | - Xingwei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an 710062China,Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China
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13
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Rodríguez-Salamanca P, de Gonzalo G, Carmona JA, López-Serrano J, Iglesias-Sigüenza J, Fernández R, Lassaletta JM, Hornillos V. Biocatalytic Atroposelective Synthesis of Axially Chiral N-Arylindoles via Dynamic Kinetic Resolution. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rodríguez-Salamanca
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gonzalo de Gonzalo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José A. Carmona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joaquín López-Serrano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Iglesias-Sigüenza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rosario Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M. Lassaletta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Valentín Hornillos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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14
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Wang Y, Yan J, Jiang Y, Wei Z, Tu Z, Dong C, Lu T, Chen Y, Feng J. Atroposelective Amination of Indoles via Chiral Center Induced Chiral Axis Formation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27249008. [PMID: 36558141 PMCID: PMC9783779 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The construction of an N-C chiral axis for N-aryl indole derivatives is meaningful as they widely exist in functionalized molecules. This work provides a novel method for this purpose via amination of amino acid derivatives at the C2 position of the indole and chiral center induced chiral axis formation. The protocol of this transformation is easily accessible, not requiring metal or an organic chiral catalyst, endowing this method with great potential in the construction of axis chiral N-aryl indoles.
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15
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Zhang X, Liu YZ, Shao H, Ma X. Advances in Atroposelectively De Novo Synthesis of Axially Chiral Heterobiaryl Scaffolds. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238517. [PMID: 36500610 PMCID: PMC9739056 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Axially chiral heterobiaryl frameworks are privileged structures in many natural products, pharmaceutically active molecules, and chiral ligands. Therefore, a variety of approaches for constructing these skeletons have been developed. Among them, de novo synthesis, due to its highly convergent and superior atom economy, serves as a promising strategy to access these challenging scaffolds including C-N, C-C, and N-N chiral axes. So far, several elegant reviews on the synthesis of axially chiral heterobiaryl skeletons have been disclosed, however, atroposelective construction of the heterobiaryl subunits by de novo synthesis was rarely covered. Herein, we summarized the recent advances in the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of the axially chiral heterobiaryl scaffold via de novo synthetic strategies. The related mechanism, scope, and applications were also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Zhang
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- Central Laboratory, Chongqing University Fu Ling Hospital, Chongqing 408000, China
| | - Ya-Zhou Liu
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huawu Shao
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (X.M.)
| | - Xiaofeng Ma
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (X.M.)
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16
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Fukasawa S, Toyoda T, Kasahara R, Nakamura C, Kikuchi Y, Hori A, Richards GJ, Kitagawa O. Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of N-C Axially Chiral N-(2,6-Disubstituted-phenyl)sulfonamides through Chiral Pd-Catalyzed N-Allylation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227819. [PMID: 36431920 PMCID: PMC9698006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, catalytic enantioselective syntheses of N-C axially chiral compounds have been reported by many groups. Most N-C axially chiral compounds prepared through a catalytic asymmetric reaction possess carboxamide or nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle skeletons. On the other hand, although N-C axially chiral sulfonamide derivatives are known, their catalytic enantioselective synthesis is relatively underexplored. We found that the reaction (Tsuji-Trost allylation) of allyl acetate with secondary sulfonamides bearing a 2-arylethynyl-6-methylphenyl group on the nitrogen atom proceeds with good enantioselectivity (up to 92% ee) in the presence of (S,S)-Trost ligand-(allyl-PdCl)2 catalyst, affording rotationally stable N-C axially chiral N-allylated sulfonamides. Furthermore, the absolute stereochemistry of the major enantiomer was determined by X-ray single crystal structural analysis and the origin of the enantioselectivity was considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sota Fukasawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry (Japanese Association of Bio-Intelligence for Well-Being), Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Toyoda
- Department of Applied Chemistry (Japanese Association of Bio-Intelligence for Well-Being), Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kasahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry (Japanese Association of Bio-Intelligence for Well-Being), Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Chisato Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry (Japanese Association of Bio-Intelligence for Well-Being), Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Yuuki Kikuchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry (Japanese Association of Bio-Intelligence for Well-Being), Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Akiko Hori
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Gary J. Richards
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Osamu Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry (Japanese Association of Bio-Intelligence for Well-Being), Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5859-8161
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17
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Mondal S, Mukherjee S. Catalytic Generation of Remote C–N Axial Chirality through Atroposelective de novo Arene Construction. Org Lett 2022; 24:8300-8304. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Mondal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Santanu Mukherjee
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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18
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Carlsson ACC, Karlsson S, Munday RH, Tatton MR. Approaches to Synthesis and Isolation of Enantiomerically Pure Biologically Active Atropisomers. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2938-2948. [PMID: 36194144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Atropisomerism is a stereochemical phenomenon exhibited by molecules containing a rotationally restricted σ bond. Contrary to classical point chirality, the two atropisomeric stereoisomers exist as a dynamic mixture and can be interconverted without the requirement of breaking and reforming a bond. Although this feature increases structural complexity, atropisomers have become frequent targets in medicinal chemistry projects. Their axial chirality, e.g., from axially chiral biaryl motifs, gives access to unique 3D structures. It is often desirable to have access to both enantiomers of the atropisomers via a nonselective reaction during the early discovery phase as it allows the medicinal chemistry team to probe the structure activity relationship in both directions. However, once a single atropisomer is selected, it presents several problems. First, the pure single atropisomer may interconvert to the undesired stereoisomer under certain conditions. Second, separation of atropisomers is nontrivial and often requires expensive chiral stationary phases using chromatography or additives if a salt resolution approach is chosen. Other options can be kinetic resolution using enzymes or chiral catalysts. However, apart from the high cost often associated with the two latter methods, a maximum yield of only 50% of the desired atropisomer can be obtained. The ideal approach is to install the chiral atropisomeric axis enantioselectively or employing a dynamic kinetic resolution approach. In theory, both approaches have the potential to provide a single atropisomer in quantitative yield. This Account will discuss the successes/failures and challenges we have experienced in developing methods for resolution/separation and asymmetric synthesis of atropisomeric drug candidates in one of our early phase drug development projects. Suitability for the different methods at various stages of the drug development phase is discussed. Depending on the scale and time available, a separation of a mixture of atropisomers by chromatography was sometimes preferred, whereas asymmetric- or resolution approaches were desired for long-term supply. With the use of chromatography, the impact on separation efficiency and solvent consumption, depending on the nature of the substrate, is discussed. We hope that with this Account the readers will get a better view on the challenges medicinal and process chemists meet when designing new atropisomeric drug candidates and developing processes for manufacture of a single atropisomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Carin C Carlsson
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Staffan Karlsson
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Rachel H Munday
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca Macclesfield, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew R Tatton
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Macclesfield, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
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19
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Niu C, Zhou Y, Chen Q, Zhu Y, Tang S, Yu ZX, Sun J. Atroposelective Synthesis of N-Arylindoles via Enantioselective N-H Bond Insertion. Org Lett 2022; 24:7428-7433. [PMID: 36190794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present here a rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric N-H insertion reaction, which is a concerted process revealed by DFT calculations, for the synthesis of novel axially chiral N-arylindoles by the reaction between indoles and diazonaphthoquinones. The reaction occurs at the N1 rather than C2/C3 positions of indoles, providing the chiral N-arylindoles in good yields and excellent enantiomeric ratios. Furthermore, this protocol is also amenable to the synthesis of chiral N-arylcarbazoles with excellent enantiocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Niu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Shengbiao Tang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiangtao Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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20
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Wu Z, Wu Z, Zhang W, Gu Q, You S. Rh(
III
)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Intermolecular Aryl C−H Bond Addition to Aldehydes. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Zhuo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Wen‐Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Qing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Shu‐Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road Shanghai 201210 China
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