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Lee M, Sulwey D, Rotella ME, Kim WS, Ju X, Jiang Q, Kozlowski MC, Lee J. Mechanistic Insights of Copper Catalyzed Trifluoromethyl Aziridine Opening: Regioselective and Stereospecific Aryl Grignard Addition. Org Lett 2024; 26:2713-2717. [PMID: 37192368 PMCID: PMC10651793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The copper catalyzed regioselective and stereospecific opening of CF3-aziridines is reported. This method focuses on the synthesis of α-CF3-β-arylethylamines, which can be potential key intermediates in the synthesis of synthetic analogues and biologically active molecules. Density functional theory calculations reveal the nature of the active copper species and the role of the LiClMgX2 (X = Cl or I) as a Lewis acid. Further, the computed mechanism accounts for the high regioselectivity of this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miseon Lee
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Dennis Sulwey
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Madeline E. Rotella
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Wan Shin Kim
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Xuan Ju
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Qi Jiang
- Material and Analytical Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Marisa C. Kozlowski
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Jaehee Lee
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
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Mitchell J, Hussain WA, Bansode AH, O’Connor RM, Parasram M. Aziridination via Nitrogen-Atom Transfer to Olefins from Photoexcited Azoxy-Triazenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9499-9505. [PMID: 38522088 PMCID: PMC11009954 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report that readily accessible azoxy-triazenes can serve as nitrogen atom sources under visible light excitation for the phthalimido-protected aziridination of alkenes. This approach eliminates the need for external oxidants, precious transition metals, and photocatalysts, marking a departure from conventional methods. The versatility of this transformation extends to the selective aziridination of both activated and unactivated multisubstituted alkenes of varying electronic profiles. Notably, this process avoids the formation of competing C-H insertion products. The described protocol is operationally simple, scalable, and adaptable to photoflow conditions. Mechanistic studies support the idea that the photofragmentation of azoxy-triazenes results in the generation of a free singlet nitrene. Furthermore, a mild photoredox-catalyzed N-N cleavage of the protecting group to furnish the free aziridines is reported. Our findings contribute to the advancement of sustainable and practical methodologies for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing compounds, showcasing the potential for broader applications in synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua
K. Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, New
York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Waseem A. Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, New
York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Ajay H. Bansode
- Department of Chemistry, New
York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Ryan M. O’Connor
- Department of Chemistry, New
York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Marvin Parasram
- Department of Chemistry, New
York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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Pozhydaiev V, Muller C, Moran J, Lebœuf D. Catalytic Synthesis of β-(Hetero)arylethylamines: Modern Strategies and Advances. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309289. [PMID: 37599269 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
β-(Hetero)arylethylamines appear in a myriad of pharmaceuticals due to their broad spectrum of biological properties, making them prime candidates for drug discovery. Conventional methods for their preparation often require engineered substrates that limit the flexibility of the synthetic routes and the diversity of compounds that can be accessed. Consequently, methods that provide rapid and versatile access to those scaffolds remain limited. To overcome these challenges, synthetic chemists have designed innovative and modular strategies to access the β-(hetero)arylethylamine motif, paving the way for their more extensive use in future pharmaceuticals. This review outlines recent progresses in the synthesis of (hetero)arylethylamines and emphasizes how these innovations have enabled new levels of molecular complexity, selectivity, and practicality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentyn Pozhydaiev
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Cyprien Muller
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Joseph Moran
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005, Paris, France
| | - David Lebœuf
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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