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Jansen-van Vuuren RD, Liu S, Miah MAJ, Cerkovnik J, Košmrlj J, Snieckus V. The Versatile and Strategic O-Carbamate Directed Metalation Group in the Synthesis of Aromatic Molecules: An Update. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7731-7828. [PMID: 38864673 PMCID: PMC11212060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The aryl O-carbamate (ArOAm) group is among the strongest of the directed metalation groups (DMGs) in directed ortho metalation (DoM) chemistry, especially in the form Ar-OCONEt2. Since the last comprehensive review of metalation chemistry involving ArOAms (published more than 30 years ago), the field has expanded significantly. For example, it now encompasses new substrates, solvent systems, and metalating agents, while conditions have been developed enabling metalation of ArOAm to be conducted in a green and sustainable manner. The ArOAm group has also proven to be effective in the anionic ortho-Fries (AoF) rearrangement, Directed remote metalation (DreM), iterative DoM sequences, and DoM-halogen dance (HalD) synthetic strategies and has been transformed into a diverse range of functionalities and coupled with various groups through a range of cross-coupling (CC) strategies. Of ultimate value, the ArOAm group has demonstrated utility in the synthesis of a diverse range of bioactive and polycyclic aromatic compounds for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross D. Jansen-van Vuuren
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Chernoff Hall, 9 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7K 2N1, Canada
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Susana Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Chernoff Hall, 9 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7K 2N1, Canada
| | - M. A. Jalil Miah
- Department
of Chemistry, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Janez Cerkovnik
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Victor Snieckus
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Chernoff Hall, 9 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7K 2N1, Canada
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2
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Liu S, Luo Z, Zhao S, Luo M, Zeng X. Cr-catalyzed borylation of C(aryl)-F bonds using a terpyridine ligand. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5201-5204. [PMID: 38651837 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01330a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The defluoroborylation of fluoroarenes by chromium-catalyzed cleavage of unactivated C-F bonds is described. The reaction uses HBpin as the boron source, low-cost and commercially available chromium salt as the precatalyst, and terpyridine as a crucial ligand, providing a protocol with atom-efficient benefits and a wide range of applicable substrates for the functionalization of aryl C-F bonds. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate that an unprecedented Cr-catalyzed magnesiation of the unactivated C-F bond occurred. The generated arylmagnesium intermediates then participated in the subsequent borylation reaction. The application of the strategy in the preparation of valuable derivatives is demonstrated by the late-stage functionalization of boronate ester groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Zheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Shuaiyong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Meiming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Xiaoming Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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Daka M, Montini T, Pengo P, Marussi G, Crosera M, Adami G, Delgado JJ, Giambastiani G, Fertey P, Fonda E, Pasquato L, Fornasiero P. Reduced Tiara-like Palladium Complex for Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reactions. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301740. [PMID: 37522641 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The design of highly active and structurally well-defined catalysts has become a crucial issue for heterogeneous catalysed reactions while reducing the amount of catalyst employed. Beside conventional synthetic routes, the employment of polynuclear transition metal complexes as catalysts or catalyst precursors has progressively intercepted a growing interest. These well-defined species promise to deliver catalytic systems where a strict control on the nuclearity allows to improve the catalytic performance while reducing the active phase loading. This study describes the development of a highly active and reusable palladium-based catalyst on alumina (Pd8 /Al2 O3 ) for Suzuki cross-coupling reactions. An octanuclear tiara-like palladium complex was selected as active phase precursor to give isolated Pd-clusters of ca. 1 nm in size on Al2 O3 . The catalyst was thoroughly characterised by several complementary techniques to assess its structural and chemical nature. The high specific activity of the catalyst has allowed to carry out the cross-coupling reaction in 30 min using only 0.12 mol % of Pd loading under very mild and green reaction conditions. Screening of various substrates and selectivity tests, combined with recycling and benchmarking experiments, have been used to highlight the great potentialities of this new Pd8 /Al2 O3 catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Daka
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM, UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34127, Italy
| | - Tiziano Montini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM, UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34127, Italy
- Center for Energy, Environment and, Transport Giacomo Ciamician and ICCOM-CNR Trieste Research Unit, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34127, Italy
| | - Paolo Pengo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM, UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34127, Italy
| | - Giovanna Marussi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM, UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34127, Italy
| | - Matteo Crosera
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM, UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34127, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Adami
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM, UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34127, Italy
| | - Juan Jose Delgado
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales, Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, Puerto Real, Cádiz, 11510, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en, Microscopía Electrónica y Materiales (IMEYMAT), Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, Puerto Real, Cádiz, 11510, Spain
| | - Giuliano Giambastiani
- Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, ICCOM-CNR and Consorzio INSTM, 50019, Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy
| | - Pierre Fertey
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP48, 91192, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Emiliano Fonda
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP48, 91192, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Lucia Pasquato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM, UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34127, Italy
| | - Paolo Fornasiero
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM, UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34127, Italy
- Center for Energy, Environment and, Transport Giacomo Ciamician and ICCOM-CNR Trieste Research Unit, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34127, Italy
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Fernández S, Fernando S, Planas O. Cooperation towards nobility: equipping first-row transition metals with an aluminium sword. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:14259-14286. [PMID: 37740303 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02722h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The exploration for noble metals substitutes in catalysis has become a highly active area of research, driven by the pursuit of sustainable chemical processes. Although the utilization of base metals holds great potential as an alternative, their successful implementation in predictable catalytic processes necessitates the development of appropriate ligands. Such ligands must be capable of controlling their intricate redox chemistry and promote two-electron events, thus mimicking well-established organometallic processes in noble metal catalysis. While numerous approaches for infusing nobility to base metals have been explored, metal-ligand cooperation has garnered significant attention in recent years. Within this context, aluminium-based ligands offer interesting features to fine-tune the activity of metal centres, but their application in base metal catalysis remains largely unexplored. This perspective seeks to highlight the most recent breakthroughs in the reactivity of heterobimetallic aluminium-base-metal complexes, while also showcasing their potential to develop novel and predictable catalytic transformations. By turning the spotlight on such heterobimetallic species, we aim to inspire chemists to explore aluminium-base-metal species and expand the range of their applications as catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Fernández
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Selwin Fernando
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Oriol Planas
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
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Tachikawa H. C-C Bond Formation Reaction Catalyzed by a Lithium Atom: Benzene-to-Biphenyl Coupling. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:10600-10606. [PMID: 36969438 PMCID: PMC10034993 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed carbon-carbon (C-C) bond formation is an important reaction in pharmaceutical and organic chemistry. However, the reaction process is composed of multiple steps and is expensive owing to the presence of transition metals. This study proposes a lithium-catalyzed C-C coupling reaction of two benzene molecules (Bz) to form a biphenyl molecule, which is a transition-metal-free reaction, based on ab initio and direct ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) calculations. The static ab initio calculations indicate that the reaction of two Bz molecules with Li- ions (reactant state, RC) can form a stable sandwiched complex (precomplex), where the Li- ion is sandwiched by two Bz molecules. The complex formation reaction can be expressed as 2Bz + Li - → Bz(Li -)Bz, where the C-C distance between the Bz rings is 2.449 Å. This complex moves to the transition state (TS) via the structural deformation of Bz(Li-)Bz, where the C-C distance is shortened to 2.118 Å. The barrier height was calculated to be -9.9 kcal/mol (relative to RC) at the MP2/6-311++G(d,p) level. After TS, the C(sp3)-C(sp3) single bond was completely formed between the Bz rings (the C-C bond distance was 1.635 Å) (late complex). After the dissociation of H2 from the late complex, a biphenyl molecule was formed: the C(sp2)-C(sp2) bond. The calculations suggest that the C-C bond coupling of Bz occurred spontaneously from 2Bz + Li-, and biphenyl molecules were directly formed without an activation barrier. Direct AIMD calculations show that the C-C coupling reaction also takes place under electron attachment to Li(Bz)2: Li(Bz)2 + e- → [Li-(Bz)2]ver → precomplex → TS → late complex, where [Li-(Bz)2]ver is the vertical electron capture species of Li(Bz)2. Namely, the C-C coupling reaction spontaneously occurred in Li(Bz)2 owing to electron attachment. Similar C-C coupling reactions were also observed for halogen-substituted benzene molecules (Bz-X, X = F and Cl). Furthermore, this study discusses the mechanism of C-C bond formation in electron capture based on the theoretical results.
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