1
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Xu P, Liu WW, Hao TZ, Liu YQ, Jiang HX, Xu J, Li JY, Yin L, Zhu SL, Zhu X. Formate and CO 2 Enable Reductive Carboxylation of Imines: Synthesis of Unnatural α-Amino Acids. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9750-9754. [PMID: 38940722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a photocatalytic umpolung strategy for reductive carboxylation of imines for the synthesis of α-amino acids was disclosed. Carbon dioxide radical anion (CO2•-) generated from formate is the key single electron reductant in the reactions. An unprecedentedly broad substrate scope of imines with excellent reaction yields was obtained with carbon dioxide (CO2) and formate salt as carbon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Wen-Wen Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Tian-Zi Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yi-Qin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Hui-Xian Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Jin-You Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Long Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Song-Lei Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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2
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Muñoz Sosa CJ, Lenz C, Hamann A, Farges F, Dopfer J, Krämer A, Cherkashyna V, Tarnovskiy A, Moroz YS, Proschak E, Němec V, Müller S, Saxena K, Knapp S. A C-Degron Structure-Based Approach for the Development of Ligands Targeting the E3 Ligase TRIM7. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:1638-1647. [PMID: 38934237 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.4c00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
TRIM7 is a ubiquitin E3 ligase with key regulatory functions, mediating viral infection, tumor biology, innate immunity, and cellular processes, such as autophagy and ferroptosis. It contains a PRYSPRY domain that specifically recognizes degron sequences containing C-terminal glutamine. Ligands that bind to the TRIM7 PRYSPRY domain may have applications in the treatment of viral infections, as modulators of inflammation, and in the design of a new class of PROTACs (PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras) that mediate the selective degradation of therapeutically relevant proteins (POIs). Here, we developed an assay toolbox for the comprehensive evaluation of TRIM7 ligands. Using TRIM7 degron sequences together with a structure-based design, we developed the first series of peptidomimetic ligands with low micromolar affinity. The terminal carboxylate moiety was required for ligand activity but prevented cell penetration. A prodrug strategy using an ethyl ester resulted in enhanced permeability, which was evaluated using confocal imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Muñoz Sosa
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christopher Lenz
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anton Hamann
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frederic Farges
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Johannes Dopfer
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Krämer
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Yurii S Moroz
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill Street 78, 02094 Kyïv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyïv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyïv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Václav Němec
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Susanne Müller
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Krishna Saxena
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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3
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Tao L, Wang H, Liu XF, Ren WM, Lu XB, Zhang WZ. Electrochemical ring-opening carboxylation of cyclic carbonate with carbon dioxide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5735-5738. [PMID: 38742637 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01695e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Electroreductive ring-opening carboxylation of styrene carbonates with CO2 to achieve dicarboxylic acids and/or β-hydroxy acids has been developed via the selective cleavage of the C(sp3)-O bond in cyclic carbonates. The product selectivity is probably determined by the stability and reactivity of the key benzylic radical and carbanion intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - He Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Xiao-Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Wei-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Wen-Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
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4
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Kwak D, Jung S, Ha H, Han T, Ryu DH, Kim H, Kwak J. Electroreductive Access to 1,2-Aminoalcohols via Cross Aza-Pinacol Coupling of N-Acyl Diarylketimines and Aldehydes. Org Lett 2024; 26:2733-2738. [PMID: 37417822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
We present highly efficient and operationally simple synthetic methods for 1,2-aminoalcohols via electroreductive cross aza-pinacol coupling between N-acyl diarylketimines and aldehydes. Preliminary mechanistic studies including cyclic voltammetry and density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the reaction is instigated by selective electrochemical single electron transfer (SET) of N-acylketimines. The developed electrochemical protocol is compatible to biorelevant functional groups, enabling late-stage functionalization of pharmacophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmin Kwak
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehwa Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonbin Ha
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Taedong Han
- Discovery Chemistry, Dong-A ST Research Institute, Yongin 17073, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyun Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology (I-CREATE), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesung Kwak
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, KRICT School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
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5
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Zhang Y, Vanderghinste J, Wang J, Das S. Challenges and recent advancements in the synthesis of α,α-disubstituted α-amino acids. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1474. [PMID: 38368416 PMCID: PMC10874380 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45790-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
α,α-Disubstituted α-amino acids (α-AAs) have improved properties compared to other types of amino acids. They serve as modifiers of peptide conformation and as precursors of bioactive compounds. Therefore, it has been a long-standing goal to construct this highly valuable scaffold efficiently in organic synthesis and drug discovery. However, access to α,α-disubstituted α-AAs is highly challenging and largely unexplored due to their steric constraints. To overcome these, remarkable advances have been made in the last decades. Emerging strategies such as synergistic enantioselective catalysis, visible-light-mediated photocatalysis, metal-free methodologies and CO2 fixation offer new avenues to access the challenging synthesis of α,α-disubstituted α-AAs and continuously bring additional contributions to this field. This review article aims to provide an overview of the recent advancements since 2015 and discuss existing challenges for the synthesis of α,α-disubstituted α-AAs and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, 201203, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - Jaro Vanderghinste
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Shoubhik Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
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6
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Tao L, Liu XF, Ren BH, Wang H, Sun HQ, Zhang K, Teng YQ, Ren WM, Lu XB, Zhang WZ. Electroreductive Ring-Opening Carboxylation of 1,3-Oxazolidin-2-ones with CO 2 for Accessing β-Amino Acids. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38189289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Electrocarboxylation of the C(sp3)-O bond in 1,3-oxazolidin-2-ones with CO2 to achieve β-amino acids is developed. The C-O bond in substrates can be selectively cleaved via the single electron transfer on the surface of a cathode or through a CO2• - intermediate under additive-free conditions. A great diversity of β-amino acids can be obtained in a moderate to excellent yield and readily converted to various biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Bai-Hao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - He Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Qin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Qiang Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
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7
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Fan Y, Chen C, Zhang Z, Meng X, Liu X, Cao J, Jiang YY, Zhao Y. CO 2 Transient Promotion Function Enabled the Selective Electrochemical Transformation of Imines. Org Lett 2023; 25:9202-9206. [PMID: 38113053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented transient promotion function (TPF) of CO2 in the electrochemical hydrogenation/deuteration of imines (especially α-iminonitriles) is reported. The TPF influence of CO2 results from the introduction of CO2 that disperses the negative charges of the imine radical anion intermediate. The resulting redistribution of electrons leads to a lower reduction potential of the CO2-substituted imine radical anion and thus facilitates the succeeding one-electron reduction. CO2 is finally released via spontaneous decarboxylation to complete the transient promotion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, P. R. China
| | - Chao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, P. R. China
| | - Zhanshuo Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohan Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, P. R. China
| | - Xiaonuo Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, P. R. China
| | - Jun Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Ye Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, P. R. China
| | - Yulei Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, P. R. China
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8
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Cao R, Liu Y, Shi X, Zheng J. Visible-light induced cross-electrophile coupling of imines and anhydrides to synthesize α-amino ketones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10668-10671. [PMID: 37581330 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03028h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
α-Amino ketones are important motifs in synthetic and medicinal chemistry. Efficient methods to directly access these motifs from feasible precursors are, however, limited. Herein, a visible-light mediated reductive cross-electrophile coupling of readily available imines and anhydrides was developed. Under mild reaction conditions, the umpolung reactivity of diverse imines engaged with anhydrides gives a variety of α-amino ketones with good yields and a broad functional group compatibility. Primary mechanistic studies revealed that this transformation might proceed through a radical-radical cross coupling pathway dominantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renxu Cao
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and the School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and the School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoxin Shi
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and the School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and the School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
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9
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Laviós A, Martínez-Pardo P, Sanz-Marco A, Vila C, Pedro JR, Blay G. Synthesis of α,α-Diaryl-α-amino Acid Precursors by Reaction of Isocyanoacetate Esters with o-Quinone Diimides. Org Lett 2023; 25:5608-5612. [PMID: 37486803 PMCID: PMC10853967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel procedure for the synthesis of α,α-diaryl-α-amino acid derivatives has been developed. Silver oxide catalyzes the conjugate addition of α-aryl isocyanoacetates to o-quinone diimide, affording the corresponding α,α-diarylisocyano esters in excellent yields and regioselectivities in short reaction times. Acid hydrolysis of the isocyano group provides the corresponding amino acids bearing a diarylated tetrasubstituted carbon atom. The reaction is also amenable to the synthesis of α-alkyl-α-arylisocyano esters, while the reaction with 3-hydroxy o-quinone diimides provides 4H-benzo[e][1,3]oxazines via a conjugate addition/cyclization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Laviós
- Departament
de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Burjassot E-46100, Spain
| | - Pablo Martínez-Pardo
- Departament
de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Burjassot E-46100, Spain
| | - Amparo Sanz-Marco
- Departament
de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Burjassot E-46100, Spain
| | - Carlos Vila
- Departament
de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Burjassot E-46100, Spain
| | - José R. Pedro
- Departament
de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Burjassot E-46100, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Blay
- Departament
de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Burjassot E-46100, Spain
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10
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Li Y, Wen L, Guo W. A guide to organic electroreduction using sacrificial anodes. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1168-1188. [PMID: 36727623 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00009e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrosynthesis is a green strategy for the synthesis of valuable molecules. Electrochemical reactions using sacrificial metal anodes enable new reactivity to be uncovered that could not be achieved with traditional non-electrochemical methods. Compared with reactions using metal powder as the reducing reagent, the mild electroreduction protocols usually exhibit diverse reactivity and excellent selectivity. The inexpensive metal anodes possess low oxidation potential, which could prevent undesired overoxidation of substrates, active intermediates and products. The in situ generated metal ions from sacrificial anodes could not only serve as Lewis acids to activate the reactants but also as a promoter or mediator. This tutorial review highlights the recent achievements in this rapidly growing area within the past five years. The sacrificial anode-enabled electroreductions are discussed according to the reaction type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Lirong Wen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Weisi Guo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
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11
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Liu XF, Zhang K, Wang LL, Wang H, Huang J, Zhang XT, Lu XB, Zhang WZ. Electroreductive Ring-Opening Carboxylation of Cycloketone Oxime Esters with Carbon Dioxide. J Org Chem 2022; 88:5212-5219. [PMID: 36273332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electroreductive ring-opening carboxylation of cycloketone oxime esters with atmospheric carbon dioxide is reported. This reaction proceeded under simple constant current conditions in an undivided cell using glassy carbon as the cathode and magnesium as the sacrificial anode, providing substituted γ- and δ-cyanocarboxylic acids in moderate to good yields. Electrochemically generated cyanoalkyl radicals and cyanoalkyl anion are proposed as the key intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - He Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Xun-Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
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12
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Nandi S, Jana R. Toward Sustainable Photo‐/Electrocatalytic Carboxylation of Organic Substrates with CO2. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Nandi
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology CSIR Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division 4 Raja S C Mullick RoadJadavpur 700032 Kolkata INDIA
| | - Ranjan Jana
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology CSIR Chemistry Division 4, Raja S. C. Mullick RoadJadavpur 700032 Kolkata INDIA
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13
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Zhang K, Ren BH, Liu XF, Wang LL, Zhang M, Ren WM, Lu XB, Zhang WZ. Direct and Selective Electrocarboxylation of Styrene Oxides with CO2 for Accessing β‐Hydroxy Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Dalian University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals CHINA
| | - Bai-Hao Ren
- Dalian University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals CHINA
| | - Xiao-Fei Liu
- Dalian University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals CHINA
| | - Lin-Lin Wang
- Dalian University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals CHINA
| | - Min Zhang
- Dalian University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals CHINA
| | - Wei-Min Ren
- Dalian University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals CHINA
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- Dalian University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals CHINA
| | - Wen-Zhen Zhang
- Dalian University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals E-330 West Campus, No.2 Linggong Road, High-Tech Zone 116024 Dalian CHINA
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Zhang K, Ren BH, Liu XF, Wang LL, Zhang M, Ren WM, Lu XB, Zhang WZ. Direct and Selective Electrocarboxylation of Styrene Oxides with CO2 for Accessing β-Hydroxy Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207660. [PMID: 35862121 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Highly selective and direct electroreductive ring-opening carboxylation of epoxides with CO2 in an undivided cell is reported. This reaction shows broad substrate scopes within styrene oxides under mild conditions, providing practical and scalable access to important synthetic intermediate β-hydroxy acids. Mechanistic studies show that CO2 functions not only as a carboxylative reagent in this reaction but also as a promoter to enable efficient and chemoselective transformation of epoxides under additive-free electrochemical conditions. Cathodically generated α-radical and α-carbanion intermediates lead to the regioselective formation of α-carboxylation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Dalian University of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, CHINA
| | - Bai-Hao Ren
- Dalian University of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, CHINA
| | - Xiao-Fei Liu
- Dalian University of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, CHINA
| | - Lin-Lin Wang
- Dalian University of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, CHINA
| | - Min Zhang
- Dalian University of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, CHINA
| | - Wei-Min Ren
- Dalian University of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, CHINA
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- Dalian University of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, CHINA
| | - Wen-Zhen Zhang
- Dalian University of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, E-330 West Campus, No.2 Linggong Road, High-Tech Zone, 116024, Dalian, CHINA
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