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Wang S, Liu M, Yue Y, Hu X, Zhang Y, Shen G, Dong R, Shi L, Yu B, Huang X. Sustainable preparation of 2-acylbenzothiazoles under the cooperation of ionic liquids and microwave irradiation. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3732-3739. [PMID: 38651493 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00315b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Microwave irradiation (MW) and ionic liquids (ILs) are two of the most promising relatively greener synthetic approaches to preparing value-added chemicals. Herein, a series of 2-acylbenzothiazole derivatives were synthesized for the first time from commercially available α-bromoacetophenones and disulfane-diyl-dianilines through the cooperation of ionic liquids and microwave irradiation under metal- and extra-additives-free conditions. A plausible mechanism involving the successive IL-induced enolation has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoushun Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, Shandong, P. R. China.
| | - Mengjie Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, Shandong, P. R. China.
| | - Yiyuan Yue
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, Shandong, P. R. China.
| | - Xiude Hu
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yalin Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, Shandong, P. R. China.
| | - Guodong Shen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, Shandong, P. R. China.
| | - Ruiguo Dong
- National Rubber Additive Engineering Technology Center, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Lilong Shi
- National Rubber Additive Engineering Technology Center, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xianqiang Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, Shandong, P. R. China.
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Rana SS, Choudhury J. Unveiling N-Fused Nitreniums as Potent Catalytic Photooxidants. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3603-3608. [PMID: 38293737 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The first example of a hitherto-unknown facet of catalytic photooxidant capability of nitrenium cations is reported herein. The fundamental limitation of inability of the traditional and reported nitreniums to achieve the excited-state redox potential beyond +2.0 V (vs Ag/AgCl), the primary requirement for a powerful photooxidant, is addressed in this work by developing a structurally unique class of N-fused nitrenium cations, with the required structural engineering involving extensive π-conjugation through ring fusion at the nitrenium site, which enabled significant lowering of the LUMO energy and easy reduction at the excited state (excited-state redox potential up to +2.5 V vs Ag/AgCl), facilitated by effective delocalization/stabilization of the generated radical. This finding opens a new way to discover novel and useful (photo)catalytic properties of nitrenium cations beyond just Lewis acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samim Sohel Rana
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal 462 066, India
| | - Joyanta Choudhury
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal 462 066, India
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Avigdori I, Singh K, Fridman N, Gandelman M. Nitrenium ions as new versatile reagents for electrophilic amination. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12034-12040. [PMID: 37969608 PMCID: PMC10631241 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04268e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the utilization of N-heterocyclic nitrenium ions - easily prepared, bench-stable and non-oxidating nitrogen sources for the efficient electrophilic amination of aliphatic and aromatic organometallic nucleophiles, towards the facile and general preparation of primary amines. To this end, a plethora of abundant organolithium and organomagnesium reagents were combined with nitrenium salts to generate a variety of previously unexplored N-alkyl and N-aryl triazanes. Through the simple hydrogenolysis of these relatively stable triazanes, we have prepared a diverse scope of primary amines, including linear and branched aliphatic as well as (hetero)aromatic amines possessing various stereo-electronic substituents. Furthermore, we present the facile synthesis of valuable 15N-labelled primary amines from easily prepared 15N-labelled nitrenium salts, as well as a one-pot approach to biologically relevant primary amines. Finally, a recyclable variant of the nitrenium precursor was prepared and a simple recovery protocol was developed to improve the atom-economy of this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idan Avigdori
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Mark Gandelman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 32000 Israel
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Ren XJ, Liao PW, Sheng H, Wang ZX, Chen XY. N-Heterocyclic Nitrenium-Catalyzed Photohomolysis of CF 3SO 2Cl for Alkene Trifluoromethylation. Org Lett 2023; 25:6189-6194. [PMID: 37578296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic nitreniums (NHNs) have been utilized as Lewis acid catalysts to activate substrates with lone pairs. Alternative to their conventional applications, we have discovered that NHNs can also serve as charge transfer complex catalysts. Herein, we present another potential of NHNs by utilizing a weak interaction between NHNs and CF3SO2Cl. The method promotes CF3SO2Cl to undergo photohomolysis, resulting in the CF3 radical. Mechanistic studies suggested that the weak interaction could be due to the π-hole effect of NHNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jian Ren
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng-Wei Liao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - He Sheng
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou, Shandong Province 256606, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou, Shandong Province 256606, China
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Koronatov A, Mauda A, Tumansky B, Kaushansky A, Fridman N, Bravo-Zhivotovskii D, Gandelman M. Multimodal Reactivity of N-H Bonds in Triazanes and Isolation of a Triazinyl Radical. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23642-23648. [PMID: 36525645 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The employment of nitrogen Lewis acids based on nitrenium cations has been increasingly featured in the fields of main group chemistry and catalysis. A formally reduced form of nitrenium D─cyclic triazanes E─are intriguing chemical compounds, the chemistry of which is completely unexplored. In this work, we reveal that N-H-triazanes exhibit unusual N-H bond properties; namely, they can serve as protons, hydrides, or hydrogen atom donors. This unique multimodal reactivity provides an N-cation, N-anion, or N-radical from the same species. It allowed us to isolate, for the first time, a stable naphto[1,2,3]triazinyl radical, which was fully characterized both computationally and experimentally, including its monomeric X-ray structure. Moreover, this radical can be prepared directly from the nitrenium cation by a single electron reduction (E = -0.46 V), and this process is reversible. We envision versatile uses of this radical in synthetic and materials chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Koronatov
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Assaf Mauda
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Boris Tumansky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Alexander Kaushansky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Dmitry Bravo-Zhivotovskii
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Mark Gandelman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
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