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Chauhan P, V R, Kumar M, Molla R, Mishra SD, Basa S, Rai V. Chemical technology principles for selective bioconjugation of proteins and antibodies. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:380-449. [PMID: 38095227 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00715d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Proteins are multifunctional large organic compounds that constitute an essential component of a living system. Hence, control over their bioconjugation impacts science at the chemistry-biology-medicine interface. A chemical toolbox for their precision engineering can boost healthcare and open a gateway for directed or precision therapeutics. Such a chemical toolbox remained elusive for a long time due to the complexity presented by the large pool of functional groups. The precise single-site modification of a protein requires a method to address a combination of selectivity attributes. This review focuses on guiding principles that can segregate them to simplify the task for a chemical method. Such a disintegration systematically employs a multi-step chemical transformation to deconvolute the selectivity challenges. It constitutes a disintegrate (DIN) theory that offers additional control parameters for tuning precision in protein bioconjugation. This review outlines the selectivity hurdles faced by chemical methods. It elaborates on the developments in the perspective of DIN theory to demonstrate simultaneous regulation of reactivity, chemoselectivity, site-selectivity, modularity, residue specificity, and protein specificity. It discusses the progress of such methods to construct protein and antibody conjugates for biologics, including antibody-fluorophore and antibody-drug conjugates (AFCs and ADCs). It also briefs how this knowledge can assist in developing small molecule-based covalent inhibitors. In the process, it highlights an opportunity for hypothesis-driven routes to accelerate discoveries of selective methods and establish new targetome in the precision engineering of proteins and antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Ragendu V
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Mohan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Rajib Molla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Surya Dev Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Sneha Basa
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Vishal Rai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
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Chauhan P, V. R, Kumar M, Molla R, V. B. U, Rai V. Dis integrate (DIN) Theory Enabling Precision Engineering of Proteins. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:137-150. [PMID: 36844488 PMCID: PMC9951294 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The chemical toolbox for the selective modification of proteins has witnessed immense interest in the past few years. The rapid growth of biologics and the need for precision therapeutics have fuelled this growth further. However, the broad spectrum of selectivity parameters creates a roadblock to the field's growth. Additionally, bond formation and dissociation are significantly redefined during the translation from small molecules to proteins. Understanding these principles and developing theories to deconvolute the multidimensional attributes could accelerate the area. This outlook presents a disintegrate (DIN) theory for systematically disintegrating the selectivity challenges through reversible chemical reactions. An irreversible step concludes the reaction sequence to render an integrated solution for precise protein bioconjugation. In this perspective, we highlight the key advancements, unsolved challenges, and potential opportunities.
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Zhao H, Shan A, Liang Y, Wu H, He Y, Chen H, Zeng J, Gu J, Song JP, Qiu H, Zhang J. Boron-Assisted Selective Citrulline Modification under Mild Conditions. Org Lett 2022; 24:6351-6355. [PMID: 35997298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein citrullination is one type of protein post-translational modification. Previous methods entail the use of a strongly acidic condition (pH <1), which impedes its exploration under physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we developed a biocompatible method based on o-boron-assisted citrulline modification. We demonstrated that this method enables selective and mainly irreversible modification of citrulline residues under neutral conditions. We expect that it will provide a valuable tool for the study of protein citrullination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Zhao
- Artemisinin Research Center and The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Aidong Shan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yunshi Liang
- Artemisinin Research Center and The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Haiting Wu
- Artemisinin Research Center and The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yiting He
- Artemisinin Research Center and The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Huihong Chen
- Artemisinin Research Center and The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Jiaxin Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Jiangyong Gu
- Research Centre for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jian-Ping Song
- Artemisinin Research Center and The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Hong Qiu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Artemisinin Research Center and The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
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