Synthesis and 18F Labeling of Alkenyl Sulfonyl Fluorides via an Unconventional Elimination Pathway

Stereoselective Fluorosulfonylation of Vinylboronic Acids for (E)-Vinyl Sulfonyl Fluorides with Copper Participation

A practical synthetic method for the synthesis of vinyl sulfonyl fluorides through copper-promoted direct fluorosulfonylation has been developed. The reaction of the vinylboronic acids with DABSO and then NFSI is performed under mild reaction conditions. This transformation efficiently affords aryl or alkyl vinyl sulfonyl fluorides with good reaction yields, exclusive E-configuration, broad substrate scope, excellent compatibility, and operational simplicity.

Identification of a Difluorinated Alkoxy Sulfonyl Chloride as a Novel Antitumor Agent for Hepatocellular Carcinoma through Activating Fumarate Hydratase Activity

Fenofibrate is known as a lipid-lowering drug. Although previous studies have reported that fenofibrate exhibits potential antitumor activities, IC50 values of fenofibrate could be as high as 200 μM. Therefore, we investigated the antitumor activities of six synthesized fenofibrate derivatives. We discovered that one compound, SIOC-XJC-SF02, showed significant antiproliferative activity on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) HCCLM3 cells and HepG2 cells (the IC50 values were 4.011 μM and 10.908 μM, respectively). We also found this compound could inhibit the migration of human HCC cells. Transmission electron microscope and flow cytometry assays demonstrated that this compound could induce apoptosis of human HCC cells. The potential binding sites of this compound acting on human HCC cells were identified by mass spectrometry-cellular thermal shift assay (MS-CETSA). Molecular docking, Western blot, and enzyme activity assay-validated binding sites in human HCC cells. The results showed that fumarate hydratase may be a potential binding site of this compound, exerting antitumor effects. A xenograft model in nude mice demonstrated the anti-liver cancer activity and the mechanism of action of this compound. These findings indicated that the antitumor effect of this compound may act via activating fumarate hydratase, and this compound may be a promising antitumor candidate for further investigation.

Recent Advances of S-18F Radiochemistry for Positron Emission Tomography

The click chemistry of sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) has facilitated the widespread application of sulfur-fluoride compounds such as sulfonyl fluorides, fluorosulfates, and sulfamoyl fluorides in various fields, especially in the development of 18F ligands for PET (positron emission tomography) imaging. In recent years, the prominent progress of sulfur-[18F]fluoride compounds has been achieved through the combination of 18F and sulfur-fluoride chemistry. These compounds serve as potential 18F tracers, 18F synthons, and reagents for 18F-fluorination, thereby complementing the range of 18F ligands, typically C-18F structures, used in PET studies. This review aims to provide an overview of S-18F labeling reactions through examples of relevant 18F compounds and highlight the advancements and breakthroughs achieved in the past decade.

Visible-light-driven reactions for the synthesis of sulfur dioxide-inserted compounds: generation of S-F, S-O, and S-N bonds

Sulfur dioxide-containing compounds such as sulfonyl fluorides, sulfonyl esters, and sulfonyl amides are important structural frameworks in many natural products, pharmaceuticals, and organic compounds. Thus, synthesis of these molecules is a very valuable research topic in organic chemistry. Various synthetic methods to introduce SO₂ groups into the structure of organic compounds have been developed for the synthesis of biologically and pharmaceutically useful compounds. Recently, visible-light-driven reactions were carried out to create SO₂-X (X = F, O, N) bonds, and their effective synthetic approaches were demonstrated. In this review, we summarized recent advances in visible-light-mediated synthetic strategies for generation of SO₂-X (X = F, O, N) bonds for various synthetic applications along with proposed reaction mechanisms.

Radiosynthesis of 18F-Labeled Arenesulfonyl Fluorides through Two-Bond Construction with [18F]Fluoride

A novel ¹⁸F labeling strategy was developed to directly construct aryl-SO₂-¹⁸F from arenediazonium tosylates with a SO₂ source and [¹⁸F]fluoride. This approach is compatible with a wide range of substrates and enabled the production of ¹⁸F-labeled drug-like derivatives through late-stage ¹⁸F fluorination, representing a significant advance in the radiosynthesis of ¹⁸F-labeled arenesulfonyl fluorides. A reactive ¹⁸F labeling synthon, bearing a maleimide-based prosthetic group, allowed for the generation of ¹⁸F-labeled temperature-sensitive biomolecules containing cysteine residues via maleimide-cysteine chemistry.