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Matamoros E, Light ME, Cintas P, Palacios JC. From Potential Prebiotic Synthons to Useful Chiral Scaffolds: A Synthetic and Structural Reinvestigation of 2-Amino-Aldononitriles. Molecules 2024; 29:1796. [PMID: 38675616 PMCID: PMC11052109 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper explores and revisits in detail the formation and characterization of sugar-based aminonitriles, whose ultimate origin can be traced to the interaction of biomolecules with cyanide. Although the synthesis and spectroscopic data of 2-amino-aldononitriles were reported long ago, there are both contradictory and confusing results among the published data. We have now addressed this concern through an exhaustive structural elucidation of acylated 2-amino- and 2-alkyl(aryl)amino-2-deoxyaldonitriles using mass spectrometry and FT-IR, FT-Raman, and NMR spectroscopies. Several structures could be unambiguously determined through single-crystal X-ray diffraction, which allowed us to correct other misassignments. Moreover, this study unveils how steric and electronic effects influence the acylation outcome of the amino, (alkyl, aryl)amino, or acetamido group at C-2. The chirality at the latter, which was assigned tentatively through optical rotation correlation, and hence the preferential threo stereochemistry generated during the cyanohydrin synthesis of 2-amino-2-deoxy aldononitriles have now been established with confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Matamoros
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, and Instituto del Agua, Cambio Climático y Sostenibilidad (IACYS)-Unidad de Química Verde y Desarrollo Sostenible, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA, Plataforma Bionand, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Mark E. Light
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK;
| | - Pedro Cintas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, and Instituto del Agua, Cambio Climático y Sostenibilidad (IACYS)-Unidad de Química Verde y Desarrollo Sostenible, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - Juan C. Palacios
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, and Instituto del Agua, Cambio Climático y Sostenibilidad (IACYS)-Unidad de Química Verde y Desarrollo Sostenible, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
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Sennari G, Yamagishi H, Sarpong R. Remote C-H Amination and Alkylation of Camphor at C8 through Hydrogen-Atom Abstraction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7850-7857. [PMID: 38447162 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Camphor continues to serve as a versatile chiral building block for chemical synthesis. We have developed a novel method to functionalize the camphor skeleton at C8 using an intramolecular hydrogen atom abstraction. The key advance involves the use of a camphor-derived aminonitrile, which is converted to the corresponding nitrogen-centered radical under photoredox conditions to effect the 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer at C8. The resulting carbon-centered radical at C8 was utilized in a C-H amination to access topologically complex proline derivatives. Furthermore, the total synthesis of several sesquiterpenoids was accomplished by engaging the radical generated at C8 in alkylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goh Sennari
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- O̅mura Satoshi Memorial Institute and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamagishi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Zhang Y, Vanderghinste J, Wang J, Das S. Challenges and recent advancements in the synthesis of α,α-disubstituted α-amino acids. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1474. [PMID: 38368416 PMCID: PMC10874380 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45790-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
α,α-Disubstituted α-amino acids (α-AAs) have improved properties compared to other types of amino acids. They serve as modifiers of peptide conformation and as precursors of bioactive compounds. Therefore, it has been a long-standing goal to construct this highly valuable scaffold efficiently in organic synthesis and drug discovery. However, access to α,α-disubstituted α-AAs is highly challenging and largely unexplored due to their steric constraints. To overcome these, remarkable advances have been made in the last decades. Emerging strategies such as synergistic enantioselective catalysis, visible-light-mediated photocatalysis, metal-free methodologies and CO2 fixation offer new avenues to access the challenging synthesis of α,α-disubstituted α-AAs and continuously bring additional contributions to this field. This review article aims to provide an overview of the recent advancements since 2015 and discuss existing challenges for the synthesis of α,α-disubstituted α-AAs and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, 201203, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - Jaro Vanderghinste
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Shoubhik Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
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Chen KL, Tanaka F. Organocatalytic enantioselective Mannich and retro-Mannich reactions and combinations of these reactions to afford tetrasubstituted α-amino acid derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:477-481. [PMID: 38099926 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01855e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Organocatalytic asymmetric Mannich reactions and kinetic resolutions of the products via retro-Mannich reactions that afford enantiomerically enriched tetrasubstituted α-amino acid derivatives (α,α-disubstituted-α-amino acid derivatives) were developed. Furthermore, the combination of the Mannich reaction and the retro-Mannich reaction allowed access to products with almost perfect enantiopurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Lin Chen
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Fujie Tanaka
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
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Yamada K, Kondo Y, Kitamura A, Kadota T, Morimoto H, Ohshima T. Organocatalytic Direct Enantioselective Hydrophosphonylation of N-Unsubstituted Ketimines for the Synthesis of α-Aminophosphonates. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Koki Yamada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1 Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuta Kondo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1 Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kitamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1 Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kadota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1 Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1 Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohshima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1 Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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