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Zhang Z, Yue S, Jin B, Yang R, Wang S, Zhang T, Sun L, Lei A, Cai H. Para-selective nitrobenzene amination lead by C(sp 2)-H/N-H oxidative cross-coupling through aminyl radical. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4186. [PMID: 38760336 PMCID: PMC11101647 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48540-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Arylamines, serving as crucial building blocks in natural products and finding applications in multifunctional materials, are synthesized on a large scale via an electrophilic nitration/reduction sequence. However, the current methods for aromatic C-H amination have not yet attained the same level of versatility as electrophilic nitration. Here we show an extensively investigated transition metal-free and regioselective strategy for the amination of nitrobenzenes, enabling the synthesis of 4-nitro-N-arylamines through C(sp2)-H/N-H cross-coupling between electron-deficient nitroarenes and amines. Mechanistic studies have elucidated that the crucial aspects of these reactions encompass the generation of nitrogen radicals and recombination of nitrobenzene complex radicals. The C(sp2)-N bond formation is demonstrated to be highly effective for primary and secondary arylamines as well as aliphatic amines under mild conditions, exhibiting exceptional tolerance towards diverse functional groups in both nitroarenes and amines (>100 examples with yields up to 96%). Notably, this C(sp2)-H/N-H cross-coupling exhibits exclusive para-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shusheng Yue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruchun Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengchun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hu Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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