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Akhtar N, Chauhan M, Rana B, Thadhani C, Kalita R, Begum W, Ghosh B, Manna K. Selective Reduction of Nitro Compounds by Organosilanes Catalyzed by a Zirconium Metal-Organic Framework Supported Salicylaldimine-Cobalt(II) Complex. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300520. [PMID: 37930953 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Reducing nitro compounds to amines is a fundamental reaction in producing valuable chemicals in industry. Herein, the synthesis and characterization of a zirconium metal-organic framework-supported salicylaldimine-cobalt(II) chloride (salim-UiO-CoCl) and its application in catalytic reduction of nitro compounds are reported. Salim-UiO-Co displayed excellent catalytic activity in chemoselective reduction of aromatic and aliphatic nitro compounds to the corresponding amines in the presence of phenylsilane as a reducing agent under mild reaction conditions. Salim-UiO-Co catalyzed nitro reduction had a broad substrate scope with excellent tolerance to diverse functional groups, including easily reducible ones such as aldehyde, keto, nitrile, and alkene. Salim-UiO-Co MOF catalyst could be recycled and reused at least 14 times without noticeable losing activity and selectivity. Density functional theory (DFT) studies along with spectroscopic analysis were employed to get into a comprehensive investigation of the reaction mechanism. This work underscores the significance of MOF-supported single-site base-metal catalysts for the sustainable and cost-effective synthesis of chemical feedstocks and fine chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naved Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Manav Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Bharti Rana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Chhaya Thadhani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Rahul Kalita
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Wahida Begum
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Biplab Ghosh
- BARC Beamlines Section, Indus-2, RRCAT, Indore, 452013, India
| | - Kuntal Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
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Mondal A, Phukan HJ, Pal D, Kumar S, Roy M, Srimani D. Well-Defined Mn(II)-complex Catalyzed Switchable De(hydrogenative) Csp 3 -H Functionalization of Methyl Heteroarenes: A Sustainable Approach for Diversification of Heterocyclic Motifs. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303315. [PMID: 37933814 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic activities of Mn(I) complexes derived from expensive MnBr(CO)5 salt have been explored in various dehydrogenative transformations. However, the reactivity and selectivity of inexpensive high spin Mn(II) complexes are uncommon. Herein, we have synthesized four new Mn(II) complexes and explored switchable alkenylation and alkylation of methyl heteroarenes employing a single Mn(II)catalyst. The developed protocol selectively furnishes a series of functionalized E-heteroarenes and C-alkylated heteroarenes with good to excellent yields. Various medicinally and synthetically useful compounds are successfully synthesized using our developed protocol. Various controls and kinetics experiments were executed to shed light on the mechaism,which reveals that α-C-H bond breaking of alcohol is the slowest step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Hirak Jyoti Phukan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Debjyoti Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Mithu Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Dipankar Srimani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
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Gioftsidou DK, Kallitsakis MG, Kavaratzi K, Hatzidimitriou AG, Terzidis MA, Lykakis IN, Angaridis PA. Synergy of redox-activity and hemilability in thioamidato cobalt(III) complexes for the chemoselective reduction of nitroarenes to anilines: catalytic and mechanistic investigation. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1469-1481. [PMID: 38126463 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02923a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of nitro-compounds to amines is one of the most often employed and challenging catalytic processes in the fine and bulk chemical industry. Herein, we present two series of mononuclear homoleptic and heteroleptic Co(III) complexes, i.e., [Co(LNS)3] and [Co(LNS)2L1L2]x+, respectively (x = 0 or 1, LNS = pyrimidine- or pyridine-thioamidato, L1/L2 = thioamidato, phosphine or pyridine), which successfully catalyze the transformation of nitroarenes to anilines by methylhydrazine. The catalytic reaction can be accomplished for a range of electronically and sterically diverse nitroarenes, using mild experimental conditions and low catalyst loadings, resulting in the corresponding anilines in high yields, with high chemoselectivity, and no side-products. Electronic and steric properties of the ligands play pivotal role in the catalytic efficacy of the respective complexes. In particular, complexes bearing ligands of high hemilability/lability and being capable of stabilizing lower metal oxidation-states exhibit the highest catalytic activity. Mechanistic investigations suggest the participation of the Co(III) complexes in two parallel reaction pathways: (a) coordination-induced activation of methylhydrazine and (b) reduction of nitroarenes to anilines by methylhydrazine, through the formation of Co(I) and Co-hydride intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra K Gioftsidou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Michael G Kallitsakis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Konstantina Kavaratzi
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Antonios G Hatzidimitriou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Michael A Terzidis
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Sindos, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis N Lykakis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis A Angaridis
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Yang S, He M, Wang Y, Bao M, Yu X. Visible-light-induced iron-catalyzed reduction of nitroarenes to anilines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14177-14180. [PMID: 37961762 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04324j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
An efficient visible-light-induced iron-catalyzed reduction of nitroarenes to anilines by using N-ethylmorpholine (NEM) as a reductant under mild conditions has been developed. The reaction proceeds with photosensitizer-free conditions and features good to excellent yields and broad functional group tolerance. Preliminary mechanistic investigations showed that this reaction was conducted via ligand-to-metal (NEM to Fe3+) charge transfer and nitro triplet biradical-induced hydrogen atom transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Min He
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Ming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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Dey S, Panja D, Sau A, Thakur SD, Kundu S. Reusable Cobalt-Catalyzed Selective Transfer Hydrogenation of Azoarenes and Nitroarenes. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37390049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein, control transfer hydrogenation (TH) of azoarenes to hydrazo compounds is established employing easy-to-synthesize reusable cobalt catalyst using lower amounts of N2H4·H2O under mild conditions. With this effective methodology, a library of symmetrical and unsymmetrical azoarene derivatives was successfully converted to their corresponding hydrazo derivatives. Further, this protocol was extended to the TH of nitroarenes to amines with good-to-excellent yields. Several kinetic studies along with Hammett studies were carried out to understand the plausible mechanism and the electronic effects in this transformation. This inexpensive catalyst can be recycled up to five times without considerable loss of catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhan Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Dibyajyoti Panja
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Anirban Sau
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Seema D Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Sabuj Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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Kumar S, Maurya SK. Heterogeneous V 2O 5/TiO 2-Mediated Photocatalytic Reduction of Nitro Compounds to the Corresponding Amines under Visible Light. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37367717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The hydrogenation of nitro compounds to their corresponding amines is developed using a heterogeneous and recyclable catalyst (V2O5/TiO2) under irradiation of blue LED (9 W) at ambient temperature. Hydrazine hydrate is used as a reductant and ethanol is used as a solvent, facilitating green, sustainable, low-cost production. The synthesis of 32 (hetero)arylamines and their pharmaceutically relevant molecules (five) are described. Significant features of the protocol include catalyst recyclability, green solvent, ambient temperature, and gram-scale reactions. Among the other aspects studied are 1H-NMR-assisted reaction progress monitoring, control experiments for mechanistic studies, protocol applications, and recyclability studies. Furthermore, the developed protocol enabled wide functional group tolerance, chemo-selectivity, high yield, and low-cost, sustainable, and environmentally benign synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Kumar
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176 061, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sushil K Maurya
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176 061, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Behera RR, Saha R, Kumar AA, Sethi S, Jana NC, Bagh B. Hydrosilylation of Terminal Alkynes Catalyzed by an Air-Stable Manganese-NHC Complex. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37317486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, catalysis with base metal manganese has received a significant amount of interest. Catalysis with manganese complexes having N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) is relatively underdeveloped in comparison to the extensively investigated manganese catalysts possessing pincer ligands (particularly phosphine-based ligands). Herein, we describe the synthesis of two imidazolium salts decorated with picolyl arms (L1 and L2) as NHC precursors. Facile coordination of L1 and L2 with MnBr(CO)5 in the presence of a base resulted in the formation manganese(I)-NHC complexes (1 and 2) as an air-stable solid in good isolated yield. Single-crystal X-ray analysis revealed the structure of the cationic complexes [Mn(CO)3(NHC)][PF6] with tridentate N,C,N binding of the NHC ligand in a facile fashion. Along with a few known manganese(I) complexes, these Mn(I)-NHC complexes 1 and 2 were tested for the hydrosilylation of terminal alkynes. Complex 1 was proved to be an effective catalyst for the hydrosilylation of terminal alkynes with good selectivity toward the less thermodynamically stable β-(Z)-vinylsilanes. This method provided good regioselectivity (anti-Markovnikov addition) and stereoselectivity (β-(Z)-product). Experimental evidence suggested that the present hydrosilylation pathway involved an organometallic mechanism with manganese(I)-silyl species as a possible reactive intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh R Behera
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Ratnakar Saha
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Alamsaty Ashis Kumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Subrat Sethi
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Narayan Ch Jana
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Bidraha Bagh
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
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Sethi S, Jana NC, Panda S, Maharana SK, Bagh B. Copper( i)-catalyzed click chemistry in deep eutectic solvent for the syntheses of β- d-glucopyranosyltriazoles †. RSC Adv 2023; 13:10424-10432. [PMID: 37020881 PMCID: PMC10069229 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01844j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, click chemistry has progressed as a powerful tool in joining two different molecular units to generate fascinating structures with a widespread application in various branch of sciences. copper(i)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction, also known as click chemistry, has been extensively utilized as a versatile strategy for the rapid and selective formation of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. The successful use of CuAAC reaction for the preparation of biologically active triazole-attached carbohydrate-containing molecular architectures is an emerging area of glycoscience. In this regard, a well-defined copper(i)–iodide complex (1) with a tridentate NNO ligand (L1) was synthesized and effectively utilized as an active catalyst. Instead of using potentially hazardous reaction media such as DCM or toluene, the use of deep eutectic solvent (DES), an emerging class of green solvent, is advantageous for the syntheses of triazole-glycohybrids. The present work shows, for the first time, the successful use of DES as a reaction medium to click various glycosides and terminal alkynes in the presence of sodium azide. Various 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-glucopyranosyltriazoles were synthesized and the pure products were isolated by using a very simple work-up process (filtration). The reaction media was recovered and recycled in five consecutive runs. The presented catalytic protocol generated very minimum waste as reflected by a low E-factor (2.21–3.12). Finally, the optimized reaction conditions were evaluated with the CHEM21 green metrics toolkit. A well-defined copper(i)–iodide complex was effectively utilized as an active catalyst for azide–alkyne cycloaddition to synthesize various 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-glucopyranosyltriazoles in deep eutectic solvents as a reusable reaction media.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrat Sethi
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National InstituteJatni, KhurdaBhubaneswarOdishaPIN 752050India
| | - Narayan Ch. Jana
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National InstituteJatni, KhurdaBhubaneswarOdishaPIN 752050India
| | - Surajit Panda
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National InstituteJatni, KhurdaBhubaneswarOdishaPIN 752050India
| | - Suraj Kumar Maharana
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National InstituteJatni, KhurdaBhubaneswarOdishaPIN 752050India
| | - Bidraha Bagh
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National InstituteJatni, KhurdaBhubaneswarOdishaPIN 752050India
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