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Bera D, Sarkar R, Dhar T, Saha P, Ghosh P, Mukhopadhyay C. DMSO promoted catalyst-free oxidative C-N/C-O couplings towards synthesis of imidazoles and oxazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3684-3692. [PMID: 38624070 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00383g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-promoted catalyst-free oxidative C-N coupling and C-O coupling under oxidant-free conditions are outlined. This protocol is operationally simple and leads to various functionalized substituted imidazoles or oxazoles in good yields. To date, a very limited number of oxidation protocols have been established, where DMSO acts solely as a catalyst or an oxidant or both. In this report, DMSO is not only used as a C-N/C-O coupling agent but is also used as the oxidant required for these oxidative transformations. Hence, our demonstrated DMSO-promoted catalyst-free coupling transformation has the ability to lead to a new dimension in the field of oxidative coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Bera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata-700009, India.
| | - Rajib Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Prabhu Jagatbandhu College, Jhorehat, Andul-Mouri, Howrah-711302, India
| | - Tiyasa Dhar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata-700009, India.
| | - Pinaki Saha
- Department of Chemistry, R. K. Mission Residential College, Narendrapur, Kolkata-700103, India
| | - Prasanta Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, R. K. Mission Residential College, Narendrapur, Kolkata-700103, India
| | - Chhanda Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata-700009, India.
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Shan Y, Zhang X, Liu G, Li J, Liu Y, Wang J, Chen D. Cyanation with isocyanides: recent advances and perspectives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1546-1562. [PMID: 38240334 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05880h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cyanation has attracted considerable attention in organic synthesis because nitriles are key structural motifs in numerous important dyes, agrochemicals, natural products and drug molecules. As the fourth generation of cyanating reagents, isocyanides occupy a prominent place in the synthesis of nitriles due to their favorable stability, easy operability and high reactivity. In recent years, three types of cyanation with isocyanides have been established: the cleavage of the C-NC bond of tertiary alkyl isocyanides (Type I), the rearrangement of aryl isocyanides with azides (Type II), and the reductive cyanation of ketones with α-acidic isocyanides (Type III). This review focuses on advances in cyanation with isocyanides with an emphasis on reaction scope, limitations and mechanisms, which could reveal their remarkable value and superiority for accessing various nitriles. In addition, the future development prospects of this specific field are also introduced. We believe that this feature article will serve as a comprehensive tool to navigate cyanation with isocyanides across the vast area of synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shan
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiuhua Zhang
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Gongle Liu
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Jianming Li
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Yongwei Liu
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Jia Wang
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Dianpeng Chen
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
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Chen D, Li J, Liu G, Zhang X, Wang X, Liu Y, Liu X, Liu X, Li Y, Shan Y. Accessing indole-isoindole derivatives via palladium-catalyzed [3+2] cyclization of isocyanides with alkynyl imines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10540-10543. [PMID: 37566103 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02654j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
A facile protocol for the preparation of indole-isoindole derivatives was developed and proceeds via a palladium-catalyzed [3+2] cyclization of isocyanides with alkynyl imines. In this transformation, the palladium catalyst has a triple role, serving simultaneously as a π acid, a transition-metal catalyst and a hydride ion donor, thus enabling the dual function of isocyanide both as a C1 synthon for cyanation and a C1N1 synthon for imidoylation. Significantly, the reaction is the sole successful example for accessing indole-isoindole derivatives, and will open up new avenues to assemble unique N-heterocycle frameworks. Furthermore, the synthetic value of this protocol is demonstrated in the late-stage modification of physiologically active molecules and in the construction of aggregation-induced emission compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianpeng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Jianming Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Gongle Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiuhua Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Yongwei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Xuan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Xinghai Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Yongqin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Yingying Shan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
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