1
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Xian N, Yin J, Ji X, Deng GJ, Huang H. Stereoselective Three-Component Carbocyclization of 1,7-Enynes with Sulfoxonium Ylides and Water under Photoredox Catalysis. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 39073859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced photoredox three-component carbocyclization reaction of 1,7-enynes with sulfoxonium ylides and water is reported. The protocol provides a facile entry to structurally valuable highly functionalized cyclopenta[c]quinoline scaffolds in a highly chemoselective and stereoselective manner. Salient features of this method include facile redox-neutral conditions, no requirement of base or other additive, and good functional-group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xian
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Jiang Yin
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Xiaochen Ji
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Huawen Huang
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
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2
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Shen DT, Wu WR, Zou WX, Hu Q, Wei J, Bao MZ, Liu X, Zhang SS. Isocyanide-Based Multicomponent Reaction: Cascade α-Acyloxylation/Carboxamidation and [3 + 1+1] Cyclization of I (III)/S (VI)-Ylides. Org Lett 2024; 26:6263-6268. [PMID: 38995695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
A metal-free cascade of α-acyloxylation/carboxamidation of I(III)/S(VI)-ylides, carboxylic acids, and isonitriles via a Passerini-like multicomponent reaction is reported. Unexpectedly, [3 + 1+1] cyclization involving I(III)/S(VI)-ylides and two molecules of ethyl isocyanoacetate was observed. The strategy allows for the synthesis of unsymmetrical α,α-disubstituted ketones and functionalized pyrroles with up to 99% yield and wide substrate compatibility. Notably, the procedure has been extended to the late-stage modification of drugs and natural products, offering an elegant complement to the classic Passerini reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Ting Shen
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Rong Wu
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Xuan Zou
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Hu
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiaohang Wei
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Zhu Bao
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528458, P. R. China
| | - Shang-Shi Zhang
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
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3
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Zou WX, Hu Q, Shen DT, Wu WR, Wei J, Yang ZF, Bao MZ, Liu X, Zhang SS. A Platform for the Synthesis of Diverse Phosphonyl and Thiofunctionalized Sulfoxonium Ylides. Org Lett 2024; 26:5811-5816. [PMID: 38940397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
A practical strategy for the construction of diverse phosphonyl and thiofunctionalized sulfoxonium ylides via controllable monofunctionalization of hybrid I(III)/S(VI) ylides is presented. This process allows efficient P-H insertion of I(III)/S(VI) ylides under Cu catalysis, enabling the synthesis of phosphonyl sulfoxonium ylides, whereas reaction with sulfur-containing reagents including AgSCF3, KSC(S)OR, and KSCN under mild conditions resulted in α-trifluoromethylthiolation, dithiocarbanation, and thiocyanation of sulfoxonium ylides accordingly. Of note, wide substrate compatibility (108 examples), excellent efficiency (up to 99% yield), gram-scale experiments, and various product derivatizations highlight the synthetic utility of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xuan Zou
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Hu
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Ting Shen
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Rong Wu
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiaohang Wei
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Feng Yang
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Zhu Bao
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P. R. China
| | - Shang-Shi Zhang
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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4
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Zhong LJ, Chen H, Shang X, Fan JH, Tang KW, Liu Y, Li JH. Photoredox Ring Opening 1,2-Alkylarylation of Alkenes with Sulfonium Salts Toward Thioether-Substituted Oxindoles. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8721-8733. [PMID: 38832808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
A novel strategy for the difunctionalization of electron-deficient alkenes with aryl sulfonium salts to access remote sulfur-containing oxindole derivatives by using in situ-formed copper(I)-based complexes as a photoredox catalyst is presented. This method enables the generation of the C(sp3)-centered radicals through site selective cleavage of the C-S bond of aryl sulfonium salts under mild conditions. Moreover, the oxidation reactions of desired products provide a new strategy for the preparation of sulfoxide or sulfone-containing compounds. Importantly, this approach can be easily applied to late-stage modification of pharmaceuticals molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Jin Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Xuan Shang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Jian-Hong Fan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Ke-Wen Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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5
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Yang M, Meng YX, Mehfooz H, Zhao YL. Visible light-promoted [3+2] cyclization reaction of vinyl azides with perfluoroalkyl-substituted-imidoyl sulfoxonium ylides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5407-5410. [PMID: 38683050 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00777h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Visible-light-induced [3+2] cyclization of vinyl azides with perfluoroalkyl-substituted imidoyl sulfoxonium ylides has been developed for the first time. In this transformation, perfluoroalkyl-substituted imidoyl sulfoxonium ylides are firstly employed as a carbon radical precursor under visible light irradiation, providing a new and efficient method for the construction of perfluoroalkyl-substituted 1-pyrrolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Yu-Xuan Meng
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Haroon Mehfooz
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Yu-Long Zhao
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
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6
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Zhong LJ, Chen H, Shang X, Xiong BQ, Tang KW, Liu Y. Oxidant-Assisted Sulfonylation/Cyclization Cascade Synthesis of Alkylsulfonylated Oxindoles via the Insertion of SO 2. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5409-5422. [PMID: 38563439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
An oxidant-assisted tandem sulfonylation/cyclization of electron-deficient alkenes with 4-alkyl-substituted Hantzsch esters and Na2S2O5 for the preparation of 3-alkylsulfonylated oxindoles under mild conditions in the absence of a photocatalyst and transition metal catalyst is established. The mechanism studies show that the alkyl radicals, which come from the cleavage of the C-C bond in 4-substituted Hantzsch esters under oxidant conditions, subsequently undergo the in situ insertion of sulfur dioxide to generate the crucial alkylsulfonyl radical intermediates. This three-component reaction provides an efficient and facile route for the construction of alkylsulfonylated oxindoles and avoids the use of highly toxic alkylsulfonyl chlorides or alkylsulfonyl hydrazines as alkylsulfonyl sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Jin Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Xuan Shang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Bi-Quan Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Ke-Wen Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
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7
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Mi E, Zhou L, Tong Y, Qiu X, Zeng X, Li J, Xiong B. Copper-Mediated Cyclization of Terminal Alkynes with CF 3-Imidoyl Sulfoxonium Ylides To Construct 5-Trifluoromethylpyrroles. Org Lett 2024; 26:2249-2254. [PMID: 38451534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
A copper-mediated [3 + 2] cyclization of CF3-imidoyl sulfoxonium ylides and terminal alkynes has been demonstrated. This work provides a practical approach for assembling 5-trifluoromethylpyrroles with the merits of a broad substrate scope, good functional tolerance, and mild reaction conditions. Control experiments and DFT studies indicate that this reaction may involve the addition of π-bonds of terminal alkynes by copper-carbene radicals and hydrogen migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mi
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Li Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Yixin Tong
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Xiaodong Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Xiaobao Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Biao Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
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8
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Huang PF, Fu JL, Huang JJ, Xiong BQ, Tang KW, Liu Y. Photoredox radical cyclization reaction of o-vinylaryl isocyanides with acyl chlorides to access 2,4-disubstituted quinolines. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:513-520. [PMID: 38131384 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01915b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
We herein report an efficient photoredox radical cyclization reaction of o-vinylaryl isocyanides with acyl chlorides to access a wide range of 2,4-disubstituted quinolines. Preliminary mechanism experiment results suggested that this reaction was initiated by an acyl radical generated from acyl chlorides through a single-electron-transfer (SET) process. This transformation showed good substrate suitability and functional group compatibility at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China.
| | - Jia-Le Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China.
| | - Jia-Jing Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China.
| | - Bi-Quan Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China.
| | - Ke-Wen Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China.
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9
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Yang Q, Bai J, Yang H, Yao Y, Yao Y, Sun J, Sun S. [Cp*IrCl 2] 2-Catalyzed Amidocarbonation of Olefins with Sulfoxonium Ylides toward Functionalized Isoindolin-1-ones. Org Lett 2023; 25:7148-7153. [PMID: 37751295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
A [Cp*IrCl2]2-catalyzed amidocarbonation of olefins with sulfoxonium ylides has been developed to generate diverse biologically important isoindolin-1-ones in high efficiency under mild reaction conditions. Mechanism studies indicated that this cascade reaction was triggered by amino-iridation of the olefin unit to generate iridacycle, followed by formal migratory insertion with sulfoxonium ylides. This newly developed method features broad substrate scopes and operational simplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxue Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingming Yao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Scince, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, People's Republic of China
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10
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Chen SY, Zeng YF, Zou WX, Shen DT, Zheng YC, Song JL, Zhang SS. Divergent Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Phenols via [3 + 3] Cycloaddition Reaction of Vinyl Sulfoxonnium Ylides with Cyclopropenones. Org Lett 2023; 25:4286-4291. [PMID: 37265108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Two categories of tetrasubstituted phenols were prepared via the cycloaddition reaction of vinyl sulfoxonnium ylides with cyclopropenones in a switchable manner. Copper carbenoid was proposed as the active intermediate in the process of 2,3,4,5-tetrasubstituted phenols formation, while 2,3,5,6-tetrasubstituted phenols were generated via the direct [3 + 3] annulation of vinyl sulfoxonnium ylides with cyclopropenones under metal-free conditions. Further synthetic applications were also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yong Chen
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yao-Fu Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Wen-Xuan Zou
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Ting Shen
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Chuan Zheng
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Lin Song
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shang-Shi Zhang
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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Ma X, Zhang Q, Zhang W. Remote Radical 1,3-, 1,4-, 1,5-, 1,6- and 1,7-Difunctionalization Reactions. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073027. [PMID: 37049790 PMCID: PMC10095731 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Radical transformations are powerful in organic synthesis for the construction of molecular scaffolds and introduction of functional groups. In radical difunctionalization reactions, the radicals in the first functionalized intermediates can be relocated through resonance, hydrogen atom or group transfer, and ring opening. The resulting radical intermediates can undertake the following paths for the second functionalization: (1) couple with other radical groups, (2) oxidize to cations and then react with nucleophiles, (3) reduce to anions and then react with electrophiles, (4) couple with metal-complexes. The rearrangements of radicals provide the opportunity for the synthesis of 1,3-, 1,4-, 1,5-, 1,6-, and 1,7-difunctionalization products. Multiple ways to initiate the radical reaction coupling with intermediate radical rearrangements make the radical reactions good for difunctionalization at the remote positions. These reactions offer the advantages of synthetic efficiency, operation simplicity, and product diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China;
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 99 Xuefu Road, Suzhou 215009, China;
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Green Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-287-6147
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