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Wang W, Zhao L, Zhang Y. Generation of New Synthons for Synthesis Through Activation of Nitromethane. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400454. [PMID: 38702899 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Nitromethane is used as a common solvent, stabilizer, and fuel additive. Nitromethane has also been used as a sustainable building block and convenient reagent in chemical synthesis. In this Minireview, we summarize the recent advances in activation of nitromethane, using nitromethane as the source of cyano group, nitrogen, methylamine, formyl group, C1, nitroso, and oxime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Ningxia University, 489 Helan Mountain West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Lixing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yuexia Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
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Phaenok S, Nguyen LA, Soorukram D, Nguyen TTT, Retailleau P, Nguyen TB. Sulfur- and Amine- Promoted Multielectron Autoredox Transformation of Nitromethane: Multicomponent Access to Thiourea Derivatives. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303703. [PMID: 37953668 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Thiourea derivatives are in-demand motifs in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry and material science, yet redox methods for the synthesis that start from safe, simple, inexpensive and readily available feedstocks are scarce. In this article, we disclose the synthesis of these motifs using elemental sulfur and nitromethane as the starting materials. The method harnesses the multi-electron auto-redox property of nitromethane in the presence of sulfur and amines, delivering thiourea products without any added oxidant or reductant. Extension of this reaction to cyclizable amines and/or higher homologues of nitromethane led to a wide range of nitrogen heterocycles and thioamides. Operationally simple, the reactions are scalable, tolerate a wide range of functional groups, and can be employed for the direct functionalization of natural products. Mechanistically, the nitro group was found to act as an oxidant leaving group, being reduced to ammonia whereas sulfur, along with the role of a sulfur building block for the thiocarbonyl group, behaved as a complementary reductant, being oxidized to sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supasorn Phaenok
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301 Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, av de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Le Anh Nguyen
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Darunee Soorukram
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Thi Thanh Tam Nguyen
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est, UMR 7182, 2 rue Henri Dunant, 94320, Thiais, France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301 Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, av de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thanh Binh Nguyen
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301 Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, av de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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