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Yang Y, Tao L, Li Y, Wu Y, Ran Q, Li D, Li SM, Yu X, Yuan CM, Zhou K. Fungal Prenyltransferase AnaPT and Its F265 Mutants Catalyze the Dimethylallylation at the Nonaromatic Carbon of Phloretin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8018-8026. [PMID: 38557039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Phloretin is widely found in fruit and shows various biological activities. Here, we demonstrate the dimethylallylation, geranylation, and farnesylation, particularly the first dimethylallylation at the nonaromatic carbon of phloretin (1) by the fungal prenyltransferase AnaPT and its mutants. F265 was identified as a key amino acid residue related to dimethylallylation at the nonaromatic carbon of phloretin. Mutants AnaPT_F265D, AnaPT_F265G, AnaPT_F265P, AnaPT_F265C, and AnaPT_F265Y were discovered to generally increase prenylation activity toward 1. AnaPT_F265G catalyzes the O-geranylation selectively at the C-2' hydroxyl group, which involves an intramolecular hydrogen bond with the carbonyl group of 1. Seven products, 1D5, 1D7-1D9, 1G2, 1G4, and 1F2, have not been reported prior to this study. Twelve compounds, 1D3-1D9, 1G1-1G3, and 1F1-1F2, exhibited potential inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase with IC50 values ranging from 11.45 ± 0.87 to 193.80 ± 6.52 μg/mL. Among them, 1G1 with an IC50 value of 11.45 ± 0.87 μg/mL was the most potential α-glucosidase inhibitor, which is about 30 times stronger than the positive control acarbose with an IC50 value of 346.63 ± 15.65 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhi Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Linlan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Yunyun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ying Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qianqian Ran
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, Marburg 35037, Germany
| | - Xia Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Chun-Mao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Kang Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
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Tanaya R, Kodama T, Maneenet J, Yasuno Y, Nakayama A, Shinada T, Takahashi H, Ito T, Morita H, Awale S, Taura F. Substrate-Dependent Alteration in the C- and O-Prenylation Specificities of Cannabis Prenyltransferase. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:449-453. [PMID: 38369346 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
CsPT4 is an aromatic prenyltransferase that synthesizes cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), the key intermediate of cannabinoid biosynthesis in Cannabis sativa, from olivetolic acid (OA) and geranyl diphosphate (GPP). CsPT4 has a catalytic potential to produce a variety of CBGA analogs via regioselective C-prenylation of aromatic substrates having resorcylic acid skeletons including bibenzyl 2,4-dihydroxy-6-phenylethylbenzoic acid (DPA). In this study, we further investigated the substrate specificity of CsPT4 using phlorocaprophenone (PCP) and 2',4',6'-trihydroxydihydrochalcone (THDC), the isomers of OA and DPA, respectively, and demonstrated that CsPT4 catalyzed both C-prenylation and O-prenylation reactions on PCP and THDC that share acylphloroglucinol substructures. Interestingly, the kinetic parameters of CsPT4 for these substrates differed depending on whether they underwent C-prenylation or O-prenylation, suggesting that this enzyme utilized different substrate-binding modes suitable for the respective reactions. Aromatic prenyltransferases that catalyze O-prenylation are rare in the plant kingdom, and CsPT4 was notable for altering the reaction specificity between C- and O-prenylations depending on the skeletons of aromatic substrates. We also demonstrated that enzymatically synthesized geranylated acylphloroglucinols had potent antiausterity activity against PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells, with 4'-O-geranyl THDC being the most effective. We suggest that CsPT4 is a valuable catalyst to generate biologically active C- and O-prenylated molecules that could be anticancer lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yoko Yasuno
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University
| | | | | | | | - Takuya Ito
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University
| | | | - Suresh Awale
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama
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