1
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Shainyan BA. Conjugative Stabilization versus Anchimeric Assistance in Carbocations. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010038. [PMID: 36615233 PMCID: PMC9822469 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an old concept of anchimeric assistance is viewed from a different angle. Primary cations with two different heteroatomic substituents in the α-position to the cationic carbon atom CHXY−CH2+ (X, Y = Me2N, MeO, Me3Si, Me2P, MeS, MeS, Br) can be stabilized by the migration of either the X or Y group to the cation center. In each case, the migration can be either complete, resulting in the transfer of the migrating group to the adjacent carbon atom and the formation of a secondary carbocation stabilized by the remaining heteroatom, or incomplete, leading to an anchimerically assisted iranium ion. For all combinations of the above groups, these transformations have been studied by theoretical analysis at the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level and were shown to occur depending on the ability of anchimeric assistance by X and Y, as well as the conformation of the starting primary carbocation. In the conformers of α-amino cations with the p-orbital, C−N bond and the nitrogen lone pair in one plane, the Me2N group migrates to the cationic center to give aziranium ions. Otherwise, the second heteroatom is shifted to give iminium ions, without or with very slight anchimeric assistance. In the α-methoxy cations, the MeO group can be shifted to the cationic center to give the O-anchimerically assisted ions as local minima, the global minima being the ions anchimerically assisted by another heteroatom. The electropositive silicon tends to migrate towards the cationic center, but with the formation of a π-complex of the Me3Si cation with the C=C bond rather than a Si-anchimerically assisted cation. The phosphorus atom can either fully migrate to the cationic center (X = P, Y = S, Se) or form anchimerically stabilized phosphiranium ions (X = P, Y = O, Si, Br). The order of the anchimeric assistance for the heaviest atoms decreases in the order Se >> S > Br.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bagrat A Shainyan
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
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2
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Qin G, Wang R, Cheng Z, Zhang Y, Wang B, Xia Y, Jin W, Liu C. Electrooxidative trifunctionalization of alkenes with N-chlorosuccinimide and ArSSAr/ArSH to α,β-dichloride arylsulfoxides. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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3
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Lian P, Long W, Li J, Zheng Y, Wan X. Visible‐Light‐Induced Vicinal Dichlorination of Alkenes through LMCT Excitation of CuCl
2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Lian
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Long
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Yonggao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Xiaobing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
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4
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Lian P, Long W, Li J, Zheng Y, Wan X. Visible‐Light‐Induced Vicinal Dichlorination of Alkenes through LMCT Excitation of CuCl
2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23603-23608. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Lian
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Long
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Yonggao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Xiaobing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
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5
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Umezawa T, Shibata M, Tamagawa R, Matsuda F. Neighboring Effect of Intramolecular Chlorine Atoms on Epoxide Opening Reaction by Chloride Anions. Org Lett 2019; 21:7731-7735. [PMID: 31535869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the diastereoselectivity of ring openings for chloro vinyl epoxides with various chlorination reagents. In the chlorinolysis reactions using vinyl epoxides having an allyl alcohol, inversion:retention ratios varied depending on the chloride sources. In limited cases, the increase in retention ratio was consistent with the intervention of chloronium ions. In contrast, all vinyl epoxides bearing an α,β-unsaturated ester gave only the inversion products. These results suggest the electron-withdrawing property suppressed the chloronium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Umezawa
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Masayuki Shibata
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Ryutaro Tamagawa
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Fuyuhiko Matsuda
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
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6
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de Orbe ME, Zanini M, Quinonero O, Echavarren AM. Gold- or Indium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Bromoalkynes with Allylsilanes through a Concealed Rearrangement. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Elena de Orbe
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Margherita Zanini
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ophélie Quinonero
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio M. Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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7
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Sarie JC, Neufeld J, Daniliuc CG, Gilmour R. Catalytic Vicinal Dichlorination of Unactivated Alkenes. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme C. Sarie
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jessica Neufeld
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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8
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Sondermann P, Carreira EM. Stereochemical Revision, Total Synthesis, and Solution State Conformation of the Complex Chlorosulfolipid Mytilipin B. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10510-10519. [PMID: 31244189 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Chlorosulfolipids constitute a structurally intriguing and synthetically challenging class of marine natural products that are isolated from mussels and freshwater algae. The most complex structure from this family of compounds is currently represented by Mytilipin B, isolated in 2002 from culinary mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, whose initially proposed structure was shown to be incorrect. In this study, we present the synthesis of four diastereomers which allowed the reassignment of eight stereocenters and the stereochemical revision of Mytilipin B, along with the determination of the dominant solution-state conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Sondermann
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Erick M Carreira
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
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9
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Boshkow J, Fischer S, Bailey AM, Wolfrum S, Carreira EM. Stereochemistry and biological activity of chlorinated lipids: a study of danicalipin A and selected diastereomers. Chem Sci 2017; 8:6904-6910. [PMID: 29147515 PMCID: PMC5632803 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03124f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The syntheses of (+)-16-epi- and (+)-11,15-di-epi-danicalipin A (2 and 3) are reported. The conformations of the parent diols 5 and 6 as well as the corresponding disulfates 2 and 3 were determined on the basis of J-based configuration analysis and supported by calculations. The impact of configuration on membrane permeability in Gram-negative bacteria and mammalian cell lines was assessed as well as cytotoxicity. Although diastereomer 2 showed similar behavior to natural (+)-danicalipin A (1), strikingly, the more flexible C11,C15-epimer 3 had no effect on permeability and proved equally or more toxic towards multiple cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Boshkow
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie , ETH Zürich , HCI H335, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland .
| | - S Fischer
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie , ETH Zürich , HCI H335, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland .
| | - A M Bailey
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie , ETH Zürich , HCI H335, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland .
| | - S Wolfrum
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie , ETH Zürich , HCI H335, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland .
| | - E M Carreira
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie , ETH Zürich , HCI H335, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland .
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10
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Sempere Molina Y, Ruchti J, Carreira EM. Enantioselective Addition of Alkynes to α,α-Dichlorinated Aldehydes. Org Lett 2017; 19:743-745. [PMID: 28127958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective addition of terminal alkynes to α,α-dichlorinated aldehydes employing Zn(OTf)2/NME is disclosed. The propargylic alcohols obtained are accessed in good yields and high enantioselectivity from easily accessible α,α-dichloroaldehydes. The method opens new strategic opportunities for the synthesis of chlorinated natural products, such as the chlorosulfolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshua Sempere Molina
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Ruchti
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erick M Carreira
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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11
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Saska J, Lewis W, Paton RS, Denton RM. Synthesis of malhamensilipin A exploiting iterative epoxidation/chlorination: experimental and computational analysis of epoxide-derived chloronium ions. Chem Sci 2016; 7:7040-7049. [PMID: 28337338 PMCID: PMC5282550 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc03012b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a 12-step catalytic enantioselective formal synthesis of malhamensilipin A (3) based upon an iterative epoxidation/chlorination strategy.
We report a 12-step catalytic enantioselective formal synthesis of malhamensilipin A (3) and diastereoisomeric analogues from (E)-2-undecenal. The convergent synthesis relied upon iterative epoxidation and phosphorus(v)-mediated deoxydichlorination reactions as well a titanium-mediated epoxide-opening to construct the C11–C16 stereohexad. The latter transformation occurred with very high levels of stereoretention regardless of the C13 configuration of the parent epoxide, implicating anchimeric assistance of either the γ- or δ-chlorine atoms, and the formation of chloretanium or chlorolanium ions, respectively. A computational analysis of the chloronium ion intermediates provided support for the involvement of chlorolanium ions, whereas the potential chloretanium ions were found to be less likely intermediates on the basis of their greater carbocationic character.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Saska
- School of Chemistry , University Park , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK .
| | - W Lewis
- School of Chemistry , University Park , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK .
| | - R S Paton
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - R M Denton
- School of Chemistry , University Park , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK .
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12
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Landry ML, Hu DX, McKenna GM, Burns NZ. Catalytic Enantioselective Dihalogenation and the Selective Synthesis of (-)-Deschloromytilipin A and (-)-Danicalipin A. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5150-8. [PMID: 27018981 PMCID: PMC4922634 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A titanium-based catalytic enantioselective dichlorination of simple allylic alcohols is described. This dichlorination reaction provides stereoselective access to all common dichloroalcohol building blocks used in syntheses of chlorosulfolipid natural products. An enantioselective synthesis of ent-(-)-deschloromytilipin A and a concise, eight-step synthesis of ent-(-)-danicalipin A are executed and employ the dichlorination reaction as the first step. Extension of this system to enantioselective dibromination and its use in the synthesis of pentabromide stereoarrays relevant to bromosulfolipids is reported. The described dichlorination and dibromination reactions are capable of exerting diastereocontrol in complex settings allowing X-ray crystal structure analysis of natural and unnatural diastereomers of polyhalogenated stereohexads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Landry
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Dennis X. Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Grace M. McKenna
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Noah Z. Burns
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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13
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Chung WJ, Vanderwal CD. Stereoselective Halogenation in Natural Product Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4396-434. [PMID: 26833878 PMCID: PMC6028003 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
At last count, nearly 5000 halogenated natural products have been discovered. In approximately half of these compounds, the carbon atom to which the halogen is bound is sp(3) -hybridized; therefore, there are an enormous number of natural products for which stereocontrolled halogenation must be a critical component of any synthesis strategy. In this Review, we critically discuss the methods and strategies used for stereoselective introduction of halogen atoms in the context of natural product synthesis. Using the successes of the past, we also attempt to identify gaps in our synthesis technology that would aid the synthesis of halogenated natural products, as well as existing methods that have not yet seen application in complex molecule synthesis. The chemistry described herein demonstrates yet again how natural products continue to provide the inspiration for critical advances in chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-jin Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.
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14
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Krautwald S, Nilewski C, Mori M, Shiomi K, Ōmura S, Carreira EM. Bioisosteric Exchange of Csp3 -Chloro and Methyl Substituents: Synthesis and Initial Biological Studies of Atpenin A5 Analogues. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4049-53. [PMID: 26891236 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric synthesis and initial biological studies of two analogues of a naturally occurring chlorinated antifungal agent, atpenin A5, are described. These analogues were selected on the basis of Cl→CH3 or H3 C→Cl exchanges in the side-chain of atpenin A5. The interchange of chloro and methyl substituents led to complex II inhibitors with equal IC50 values. This suggests that Cl↔Me bioisosteric exchange can be realized in aliphatic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Krautwald
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, HCI H335, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Nilewski
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, HCI H335, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mihoko Mori
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kazuro Shiomi
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Ōmura
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Erick M Carreira
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, HCI H335, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
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15
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Krautwald S, Nilewski C, Mori M, Shiomi K, Ōmura S, Carreira EM. Bioisosteric Exchange of Csp3
-Chloro and Methyl Substituents: Synthesis and Initial Biological Studies of Atpenin A5 Analogues. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Krautwald
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, HCI H335; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Christian Nilewski
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, HCI H335; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Mihoko Mori
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences; Kitasato University; 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
| | - Kazuro Shiomi
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences; Kitasato University; 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
| | - Satoshi Ōmura
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences; Kitasato University; 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
| | - Erick M. Carreira
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, HCI H335; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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16
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Chung WJ, Vanderwal CD. Stereoselektive Halogenierungen in der Naturstoffsynthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Won-jin Chung
- Department of Chemistry; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology; Gwangju Südkorea
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17
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Nilewski C, Le Chapelain C, Wolfrum S, Carreira EM. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Chlorinated Analogs of Leukotoxin Diol. Org Lett 2015; 17:5602-5. [PMID: 26517019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study documents that chlorinated analogs of leukotoxin diol 1, in which the vic-diol has been replaced with vic-chlorides (2), induce caspase 3 activity and apoptosis on HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner in analogy to the parent diol. This suggests that chlorides may substitute for hydroxyls in certain lipids as bioisosteres in defined biological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Nilewski
- Vladimir Prelog Weg 3, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH-Zürich , CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Camille Le Chapelain
- Vladimir Prelog Weg 3, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH-Zürich , CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Wolfrum
- Vladimir Prelog Weg 3, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH-Zürich , CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erick M Carreira
- Vladimir Prelog Weg 3, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH-Zürich , CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Rösner C, Hennecke U. Homohalocyclization: Electrophilic Bromine-Induced Cyclizations of Cyclopropanes. Org Lett 2015; 17:3226-9. [PMID: 26101939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method for the halocyclization of cyclopropanes has been developed. The cyclopropanes undergo a 1,3-addition reaction to form homohalocyclization products compared to conventional alkene halocyclizations. The reaction can be induced by various electrophilic halogenating agents including 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin and N-iodosuccinimide. In cyclopropane derivatives with a preexisting stereocenter, excellent induced diastereoselectivities can be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rösner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ulrich Hennecke
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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