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Lin Y, Shi H. Rhodium-Catalyzed Addition of (Trialkylsilyl)arenes to Electrophiles via π-Coordination-Driven C-Si Bond Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22753-22761. [PMID: 37787751 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic organosilicon compounds serve as valuable synthons due to their diverse reactivities, excellent compatibility with various functional groups, and ready availability. However, (trialkylsilyl)arenes, despite their potential utility, are generally considered unsuitable substrates for transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling due to the low polarity of their covalent C(aryl)-Si bonds and the significant steric hindrance imposed by alkyl substituents. These factors render them inert toward reactions with transition metals, such as transmetalation and oxidative addition. In this study, we present a method for the rhodium-catalyzed addition of (trialkylsilyl)arenes to electrophiles via π-coordination-driven desilylation. We propose that a dicationic rhodium species activates the unbiased C(aryl)-Si bond, increasing its polarity by forming an η6-arene complex, thereby facilitating heterolysis. The resulting phenyl anion complex readily engages in addition reactions with external electrophiles, effectively forming C-C bonds. Through comprehensive computational studies, we have unraveled an unexpected stepwise pathway for desilylation with fluoride. This pathway involves the addition of fluoride to the aromatic ring, followed by a 1,2-migration of fluoride, ultimately culminating in the departure of fluorotrimethylsilane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhi Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
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2
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Foubelo F, Yus M. Chiral N-tert-Butylsulfinyl Imines: New Discoveries. CHEM REC 2020; 21:1300-1341. [PMID: 33241905 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this account the reactions of chiral N-tert-butylsulfinyl imines with organometallic reagents such as organoalkaline (lithium, sodium, potassium and cesium derivatives), organomagnesium, organozinc, organoboron, organoaluminium, organoindium and organosilicon compounds is comprehensively described. The reactivity in all cases is derived to synthetic applications in order to prepare interesting organic nitrogenated molecules, especially in the field of alkaloid compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Foubelo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain.,Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Miguel Yus
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
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3
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Minami Y, Hiyama T. Designing Cross-Coupling Reactions using Aryl(trialkyl)silanes. Chemistry 2018; 25:391-399. [PMID: 30024650 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Organo(trialkyl)silanes have several advantages, including high stability, low toxicity, good solubility, easy handling, and ready availability compared with heteroatom-substituted silanes. However, methods for the cross-coupling of organo(trialkyl)silanes are limited, most probably because of their exceeding robustness. Thus, a practical method for the cross-coupling of organo(trialkyl)silanes has been a long-standing challenging research target. This article discusses how aryl(trialkyl)silanes can be used in cross-coupling reactions. A pioneering example is CuII catalytic conditions with the use of electron-accepting aryl- or heteroaryl(triethyl)silanes and aryl iodides. The reaction forms biaryls or teraryls. This design concept can be extended to Pd/CuII -catalyzed cross-coupling polymerization reactions between such silanes and aryl bromides or chlorides and to CuI -catalyzed alkylation using alkyl halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Minami
- Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University, 1-13-27, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Tamejiro Hiyama
- Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University, 1-13-27, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
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4
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Asano N, Sasaki K, Chataigner I, Shigeno M, Kondo Y. Sodium Phenoxide Mediated Hydroxymethylation of Alkynylsilanes with N
-[(Trimethylsiloxy)methyl]phthalimide. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Asano
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science; Tohoku University; 6-3 Aoba 980-8578 Sendai Japan
| | - Keita Sasaki
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science; Tohoku University; 6-3 Aoba 980-8578 Sendai Japan
| | - Isabelle Chataigner
- Normandie Université; INSA Rouen; UNIROUEN; CNRS; COBRA laboratory (UMR 6014 & FR3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Masanori Shigeno
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science; Tohoku University; 6-3 Aoba 980-8578 Sendai Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science; Tohoku University; 6-3 Aoba 980-8578 Sendai Japan
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5
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Cantú-Reyes M, Alvarado-Beltrán I, Ballinas-Indilí R, Álvarez-Toledano C, Hernández-Rodríguez M. Stereodivergent Mannich reaction of bis(trimethylsilyl)ketene acetals with N-tert-butanesulfinyl imines by Lewis acid or Lewis base activation, a one-pot protocol to obtain chiral β-amino acids. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:7705-7709. [PMID: 28875215 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01853c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a one-pot synthesis of chiral β2,2,3-amino acids by the Mannich addition of bistrimethylsilyl ketene acetals to N-tert-butanesulfinyl imines followed by the removal of the chiral auxiliary. The synthesis and isolation of pure β-amino acid hydrochlorides were conducted under mild conditions, without strong bases and this method is operationally simple. The stereoselective reaction was promoted by two different activation methods that lead to different stereoisomers: (1) Lewis Acid (LA) catalysis with boron trifluoride diethyl etherate and (2) Lewis Base (LB) catalysis with tetrabutylammonium difluorotriphenylsilicate. The reaction presented good diastereoselectivity with LB activation and moderate to good dr with LA catalysis. The exceptions in both protocols were imines with electron donating groups in the aromatic ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Cantú-Reyes
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, 04510, Cd. Mx., Mexico.
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6
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Golz C, Steffen P, Strohmann C. Exploring Planar-Chiral Amino Siloxides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8295-8298. [PMID: 28504830 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We present the synthesis, structure, and exemplary reactivity of siloxides with a planar-chiral N,N-dimethylaminomethylferrocene backbone. Several zinc complexes based on the racemic as well as the enantiomerically pure silanol were synthesized in the presence of water and crystallographically characterized, and their behavior in solution was examined. The chiral probe present in this system is a valuable tool for identifying the structure in solution. Furthermore, the zinc siloxides exhibit a comparable reactivity to the corresponding silanols. Therefore, they can be regarded as "masked" silanols, especially when the silanols are preparatively inaccessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Golz
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Patricia Steffen
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Golz
- Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Patricia Steffen
- Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
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8
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Koller SG, Bauer JO, Strohmann C. Selektive Si-C(sp3
)-Bindungsspaltung in (Aminomethyl)silanen durch carbanionische Nucleophile und ihr stereochemischer Verlauf. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan G. Koller
- Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Jonathan O. Bauer
- Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Regensburg; Deutschland
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
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9
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Koller SG, Bauer JO, Strohmann C. Selective Si−C(sp3
) Bond Cleavage in (Aminomethyl)silanes by Carbanionic Nucleophiles and Its Stereochemical Course. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7991-7994. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan G. Koller
- Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Jonathan O. Bauer
- Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Current address: Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Regensburg; Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
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10
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Das M, O’Shea DF. Z-Stereoselective Aza-Peterson Olefinations with Bis(trimethylsilane) Reagents and Sulfinyl Imines. Org Lett 2016; 18:336-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manas Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical
and Medicinal Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Donal F. O’Shea
- Department of Pharmaceutical
and Medicinal Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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11
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Das M, O'Shea DF. Highly Selective Addition of a Broad Spectrum of Trimethylsilane Pro-nucleophiles to N
-tert
-Butanesulfinyl Imines. Chemistry 2015; 21:18717-23. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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12
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Manvar A, O'Shea DF. Trimethylsilyloxide-Catalysed Peterson Olefinations with 2,2-Bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,3-dithiane. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Matsui K, Shibuya M, Yamamoto Y. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Transfer Oxygenative [2 + 2 + 1] Cycloaddition of Silyldiynes Using Nitrones as Adjustable Oxygen Atom Donors. Synthesis of Bicyclic 2-Silylfurans. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Matsui
- Department of Basic Medicinal
Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Shibuya
- Department of Basic Medicinal
Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Yamamoto
- Department of Basic Medicinal
Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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