1
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Shaw PA, Klausen M, Bradley M. A dual action coumarin-camptothecin polymer for light responsive drug release and photodynamic therapy. Polym Chem 2024; 15:54-58. [PMID: 38174055 PMCID: PMC10758926 DOI: 10.1039/d3py01137b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A light-responsive polymer allowing the controlled release of camptothecin and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is reported. The polymer was prepared by controlled copolymerisation of water-soluble N,N-dimethyl acrylamide with a bromocoumarin methacrylate monomer. The lipophilic chemotherapy agent camptothecin was caged onto the coumarin unit via a photo-cleavable carbonate ester enabling light-triggered cargo release. The polymer showed good biocompatibility in the dark, and high cancer cell killing activity mediated both by the photo-release of camptothecin and ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige A Shaw
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh David Brewster Road EH9 3FJ Edinburgh UK
| | - Maxime Klausen
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh David Brewster Road EH9 3FJ Edinburgh UK
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Mark Bradley
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh David Brewster Road EH9 3FJ Edinburgh UK
- Precision Healthcare University Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London Empire House London E1 1HH UK
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2
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Kobayakawa T, Takano H, Ishii T, Bolah P, Tsuji K, Ohashi N, Nomura W, Furuta T, Tamamura H. Effect of Two-Photon Excitation to 8-Azacoumarin Derivatives as Photolabile Protecting Groups. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2024; 72:311-312. [PMID: 38494724 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c24-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
An improvement of the two-photon excitation was achieved using 8-azacoumarin-type caged compounds, which showed large values of the two-photon uncaging action cross-section (δu >0.1 Goeppert-Mayer (GM)). In particular, the 7-hydroxy-6-iodo-8-azacoumarin (8-aza-Ihc)-caged compound showed an excellent uncaging action cross-section value (δu = 1.28 GM). Therefore, 8-azacoumarin-type photolabile protecting groups (PPGs) can be used as two-photon excitation sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kobayakawa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Hikaru Takano
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Takahiro Ishii
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Peter Bolah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Kohei Tsuji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Nami Ohashi
- Department of Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University
| | - Wataru Nomura
- Department of Genome and Biomolecular Engineering for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Toshiaki Furuta
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University
| | - Hirokazu Tamamura
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
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3
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Mei S, Ou Q, Tang X, Xu JF, Zhang X. Stabilization of Carbocation Intermediate by Cucurbit[7]uril Enables High Photolysis Efficiency. Org Lett 2023; 25:5291-5296. [PMID: 37428144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
A cucurbit[7]uril-based host-guest strategy is employed to enhance the efficiency of photolysis reactions that release caged molecules from photoremovable protecting groups. The photolysis of benzyl acetate follows a heterolytic bond cleavage mechanism, thereby leading to the formation of a contact ion pair as the key reactive intermediate. The Gibbs free energy of the contact ion pair is lowered by 3.06 kcal/mol through the stabilization of cucurbit[7]uril, as revealed by DFT calculations, which results in a 40-fold increase in the quantum yield of the photolysis reaction. This methodology is also applicable to the chloride leaving group and the diphenyl photoremovable protecting group. We anticipate that this research presents a novel strategy to improve reactions involving active cationics, thereby enriching the field of supramolecular catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Mei
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qi Ou
- AI for Science Institute, Beijing 100080, China
- DP Technology, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Xingchen Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiang-Fei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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4
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Paponov BV, Rakityansky DA, Samokhvalova MS, Denisov GL, Potapov AY, Shikhaliev KS. Ring switching tricomponent synthesis of pyrano[2,3-b]pyridine multifunctional derivatives. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Paponov BV, Rakityansky DA, Samokhvalova MS, Denisov GL, Potapov AY, Shikhaliev KS. Ring switching tricomponent synthesis of pyrano[2,3-b]pyridine multifunctional derivatives. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Weinstain R, Slanina T, Kand D, Klán P. Visible-to-NIR-Light Activated Release: From Small Molecules to Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:13135-13272. [PMID: 33125209 PMCID: PMC7833475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoactivatable (alternatively, photoremovable, photoreleasable, or photocleavable) protecting groups (PPGs), also known as caged or photocaged compounds, are used to enable non-invasive spatiotemporal photochemical control over the release of species of interest. Recent years have seen the development of PPGs activatable by biologically and chemically benign visible and near-infrared (NIR) light. These long-wavelength-absorbing moieties expand the applicability of this powerful method and its accessibility to non-specialist users. This review comprehensively covers organic and transition metal-containing photoactivatable compounds (complexes) that absorb in the visible- and NIR-range to release various leaving groups and gasotransmitters (carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and hydrogen sulfide). The text also covers visible- and NIR-light-induced photosensitized release using molecular sensitizers, quantum dots, and upconversion and second-harmonic nanoparticles, as well as release via photodynamic (photooxygenation by singlet oxygen) and photothermal effects. Release from photoactivatable polymers, micelles, vesicles, and photoswitches, along with the related emerging field of photopharmacology, is discussed at the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Weinstain
- School
of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dnyaneshwar Kand
- School
of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Petr Klán
- Department
of Chemistry and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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7
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Recent Advances in the Synthesis of C2‐Functionalized Pyridines and Quinolines Using
N
‐Oxide Chemistry. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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8
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Kobayakawa T, Takano H, Ishii T, Tsuji K, Ohashi N, Nomura W, Furuta T, Tamamura H. Synthesis of hydrophilic caged DAG-lactones for chemical biology applications. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4217-4223. [PMID: 32432608 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00807a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The 6-bromo-7-hydroxy-coumarin-4-ylmethyl (Bhc) group has been used widely in cage chemistry because of its high molar absorptivity and photolytic efficiency. One of the drawbacks of coumarins however is their low aqueous solubility. Aqueous solubility is important in the behavior of caged compounds because hydrophobic caged compounds might be aggregated in physiological conditions and consequently the photocleavage would be impaired. The 8-azacoumarin-4-ylmethyl derivatives with bromine (8-aza-Bhc) or iodine (8-aza-Ihc), which were previously developed in this laboratory, have aqueous solubilities that are higher than those of related coumarins. Here, to improve the hydrophilicity and management of caged diacylglycerol lactones (DAG-lactones), 8-aza-Bhc and 8-aza-Ihc were introduced into the DAG-lactone structure. The synthesized caged compounds showed high hydrophilicity compared with the parent Bhc-caged DAG-lactone, and the 8-aza-Ihc-caged DAG-lactone (2) showed excellent photolytic efficiency, which allows rapid release of the DAG-lactone (1) by brief photoirradiation. The 8-aza-7-hydroxy-6-iodo-coumarin-4-ylmethyl group might be useful for caging of bioactive compounds, especially hydrophobic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kobayakawa
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
| | - Hikaru Takano
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Ishii
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
| | - Kohei Tsuji
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
| | - Nami Ohashi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
| | - Wataru Nomura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Furuta
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tamamura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
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9
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Oberhofer KE, Musheghyan M, Wegscheider S, Wörle M, Iglev ED, Nikolova RD, Kienberger R, Pekov PS, Iglev H. Individual control of singlet lifetime and triplet yield in halogen-substituted coumarin derivatives. RSC Adv 2020; 10:27096-27102. [PMID: 35515756 PMCID: PMC9055543 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05737a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The photophysical properties of three 3-diethylphosphonocoumarin derivatives are studied by transient absorption spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The measured lifetime of the first excited singlet state changes upon halogen substitution at the 6-position from 40 ps for the unsubstituted compound to 100 ps for Cl and 24 ps for Br. This observation is in clear contradiction with the estimated singlet–triplet quantum yield, which increases with atomic weight of the substituted atom and is usually referred as a heavy-atom effect. The DFT calculations give evidence that the main reason for this behavior is the different composition of the HOMO, while the LUMO is similar for all three compounds. The optical excitation leads to intramolecular charge transfer from the halogen lone pairs to the π* molecular orbital and thus to a significant change in the molecular dipole moment. Hence, the latter phenomenon in combination with the heavy-atom effect enables an independent control of singlet lifetime and singlet–triplet quantum yield in the studied 3-diethylphosphonocoumarin derivatives. The photophysical properties of three 3-diethylphosphonocoumarin derivatives are studied by transient absorption spectroscopy and DFT calculations.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Martin Wörle
- Physics Department E11
- Technical University of Munich
- Germany
| | - Eleonora D. Iglev
- Physics Department E11
- Technical University of Munich
- Germany
- W. L. Gore & Associates GmbH
- 85640 Putzbrunn
| | | | | | - Petko St. Pekov
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Sofia
- 1164 Sofia
- Bulgaria
| | - Hristo Iglev
- Physics Department E11
- Technical University of Munich
- Germany
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10
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Narumi T. [Novel Visible Light Photoactivatable Caged Neurotransmitters Based on a N-Methyl Quinolinium Chromophore]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2019; 139:263-271. [PMID: 30713238 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.18-00174-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel photolabile protecting groups with practical levels of photolytic efficiency and hydrophilicity can provide smart photochemical tools, such as caged compounds. One of the long-standing problems of most reported photolabile protecting groups is the requirement for one-photon activation, of ultraviolet light (250-400 nm), that is harmful to living cells and has low tissue penetration power. An attractive approach to overcome this would be the use of longer-wavelength light for one-photon activation; advantages would include both lower phototoxicity and higher tissue penetration power than UV irradiation. As part of our research aimed at developing new photochemical tools, we have developed the N-methyl-7-hydroxyquinolinium (N-Me-7-HQm) caging chromophore as a novel photocage, sensitive to visible light. A key to the success of the development of the N-Me-7-HQm photocage was simple N-methylation of the 7-hydroxyquinoline chromophore. This modification allows access to visible light absorbance, facile photoactivation by blue-LED light (458 nm) with high photolytic efficiency, excellent water solubility, and high resistance to spontaneous hydrolysis. The success of the late stage upgrading of a chromophore in the synthetic sequence suggests that further functionalization of the caging chromophore will be possible, and should aid in the rapid generation of structurally diverse libraries of visible light-sensitive photocages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Narumi
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University
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11
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Narumi T, Nishizawa T, Imai T, Kyan R, Taniguchi H, Sato K, Mase N. Improvement of chemical stability of conjugated dienes by chlorine substitution. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Narumi T, Miyata K, Nii A, Sato K, Mase N, Furuta T. 7-Hydroxy-N-Methylquinolinium Chromophore: A Photolabile Protecting Group for Blue-Light Uncaging. Org Lett 2018; 20:4178-4182. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Narumi
- Course of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
- Green Chemistry Research Division, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Koichi Miyata
- Course of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Akitaka Nii
- Course of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Kohei Sato
- Course of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Mase
- Course of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
- Green Energy Research Division, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Furuta
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
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13
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Salahi F, Purohit V, Ferraudi G, Stauffacher C, Wiest O, Helquist P. pHP-Tethered N-Acyl Carbamate: A Photocage for Nicotinamide. Org Lett 2018; 20:2547-2550. [PMID: 29652162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new photocaged nicotinamide having an N-acyl carbamate linker and a p-hydroxyphenacyl (pHP) chromophore is described. The photophysical and photochemical studies showed an absorption maximum at λ = 330 nm and a quantum yield for release of 11% that are dependent upon both pH and solvent. While the acyl carbamate releases nicotinamide efficiently, a simpler amide linker was inert to photocleavage. This photocaged nicotinamide has significant advantages with respect to quantum yield, absorbance wavelength, rate of release, and solubility that make it the first practical example of a photocaged amide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farbod Salahi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Vatsal Purohit
- Department of Biological Sciences , Purdue University , 915 West State Street , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Guillermo Ferraudi
- Notre Dame Radiation Research Laboratory , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Cynthia Stauffacher
- Department of Biological Sciences , Purdue University , 915 West State Street , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Olaf Wiest
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States.,Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology , Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Paul Helquist
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
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14
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Takano H, Narumi T, Nomura W, Tamamura H. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Azacoumarin Fluorophores and the Fluorescence Characterization. J Org Chem 2017; 82:2739-2744. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Takano
- Institution of Biomaterial
and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Narumi
- Institution of Biomaterial
and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Wataru Nomura
- Institution of Biomaterial
and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tamamura
- Institution of Biomaterial
and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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15
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Wang D, Wang Y, Zhao J, Shen M, Hu J, Liu Z, Li L, Xue F, Yu P. Strategic Approach to 8-Azacoumarins. Org Lett 2017; 19:984-987. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- China International
Science
and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal
Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- China International
Science
and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal
Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Junjie Zhao
- China International
Science
and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal
Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Meng Shen
- China International
Science
and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal
Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jianyong Hu
- China International
Science
and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal
Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhenlin Liu
- China International
Science
and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal
Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Linna Li
- China International
Science
and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal
Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Furen Xue
- China International
Science
and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal
Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Peng Yu
- China International
Science
and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal
Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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