1
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Bakanas I, Tang JC, Sarpong R. Skeletal diversification by C-C cleavage to access bicyclic frameworks from a common tricyclooctane intermediate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3858-3861. [PMID: 36916206 PMCID: PMC10518267 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00945a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the diversification of tricyclo[3.2.1.03,6]octane scaffolds to afford diverse bicyclic scaffolds is described. The strained tricyclooctanes are prepared in two steps featuring a blue light-mediated [2+2] cycloaddition. Strategies for the cleavage of this scaffold were then explored resulting in the selective syntheses of the bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, bicyclo[3.2.1]octane, and bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane cores. These findings may guide future studies of C-C cleavage reactions in strained carbon frameworks and their application in complex molecule synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Bakanas
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
| | - Jess C Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
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2
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Perea MA, Wang B, Wyler BC, Ham JS, O’Connor NR, Nagasawa S, Kimura Y, Manske C, Scherübl M, Nguyen JM, Sarpong R. General Synthetic Approach to Diverse Taxane Cores. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21398-21407. [PMID: 36346461 PMCID: PMC9901290 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chemical synthesis of natural products is typically inspired by the structure and function of a target molecule. When both factors are of interest, such as in the case of taxane diterpenoids, a synthesis can both serve as a platform for synthetic strategy development and enable new biological exploration. Guided by this paradigm, we present here a unified enantiospecific approach to diverse taxane cores from the feedstock monoterpenoid (S)-carvone. Key to the success of our approach was the use of a skeletal remodeling strategy which began with the divergent reorganization and convergent coupling of two carvone-derived fragments, facilitated by Pd-catalyzed C-C bond cleavage tactics. This coupling was followed by additional restructuring using a Sm(II)-mediated rearrangement and a bioinspired, visible-light induced, transannular [2 + 2] photocycloaddition. Overall, this divergent monoterpenoid remodeling/convergent fragment coupling approach to complex diterpenoid synthesis provides access to structurally disparate taxane cores which have set the stage for the preparation of a wide range of taxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Benjamin C. Wyler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jin Su Ham
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nicholas R. O’Connor
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Shota Nagasawa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yuto Kimura
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Carolin Manske
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Maximilian Scherübl
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Johny M. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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3
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Na CG, Kang SH, Sarpong R. Development of a C-C Bond Cleavage/Vinylation/Mizoroki-Heck Cascade Reaction: Application to the Total Synthesis of 14- and 15-Hydroxypatchoulol. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19253-19257. [PMID: 36240482 PMCID: PMC9635941 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A C-C bond cleavage/vinylation/Mizoroki-Heck cascade reaction has been developed to provide access to densely functionalized bicyclo[2.2.2]octane frameworks. The sequence proceeds through the coupling of dihydroxylated pinene derivatives, prepared from carvone, with gem-dichloroalkenes. The method was applied to 12-step total syntheses of both 14- and 15-hydroxypatchoulol, which provided unambiguous support for the structure of the natural products and corrects a misassignment in the isolation report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina G Na
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Suh Hyun Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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4
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Lusi RF, Sennari G, Sarpong R. Strategy Evolution in a Skeletal Remodeling and C-H Functionalization-Based Synthesis of the Longiborneol Sesquiterpenoids. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17277-17294. [PMID: 36098550 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Detailed herein are our synthesis studies of longiborneol and related natural products. Our overarching goals of utilizing a "camphor first" strategy enabled by skeletal remodeling of carvone, and late-stage diversification using C-H functionalizations, led to divergent syntheses of the target natural products. Our initial approach proposed a lithiate addition to unite two fragments followed by a Conia-ene or Pd-mediated cycloalkylation reaction sequence to install the seven-membered ring emblematic of the longibornane core. This approach was unsuccessful and evolved into a revised plan that employed a Wittig coupling and a radical cyclization to establish the core. A reductive radical cyclization, which was explored first, led to a synthesis of copaborneol, a structural isomer of longiborneol. Alternatively, a metal-hydride hydrogen atom transfer-initiated cyclization was effective for a synthesis of longiborneol. Late-stage C-H functionalization of the longibornane core led to a number of hydroxylated longiborneol congeners. The need for significant optimization of the strategies that were employed as well as the methods for C-H functionalization to implement these strategies highlights the ongoing challenges in applying these powerful reactions. Nevertheless, the reported approach enables functionalization of every natural product-relevant C-H bond in the longibornane skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Lusi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California─Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Goh Sennari
- Department of Chemistry, University of California─Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,O̅mura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California─Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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5
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Pérez-Gómez M, Herrera-Ramírez P, Bautista D, Saura-Llamas I, García-López JA. Synthesis of Benzofused O- and N-Heterocycles through Cascade Carbopalladation/Cross-Alkylation of Alkynes Involving the C–C Cleavage of Cyclobutanols. Organometallics 2022; 41:649-658. [PMID: 35308581 PMCID: PMC8925021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We report a Pd-catalyzed
route to heterocycles bearing a tetrasubstituted
alkene fragment. Our approach merges the intramolecular carbopalladation
of tethered alkynes with an alkylation step produced by the C–C
cleavage of cyclobutanol derivatives. An alkenyl-Pd(II) intermediate
has been isolated and characterized by X-ray diffraction studies.
Interestingly, the nature of the tethering alkynyl chain influences
the E/Z stereochemistry of the alkenyl
fragment in the functionalized heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pérez-Gómez
- Grupo de Química Organometálica, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, E−30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Piedad Herrera-Ramírez
- Grupo de Química Organometálica, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, E−30100 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Saura-Llamas
- Grupo de Química Organometálica, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, E−30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - José-Antonio García-López
- Grupo de Química Organometálica, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, E−30100 Murcia, Spain
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6
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Lusi RF, Perea MA, Sarpong R. C-C Bond Cleavage of α-Pinene Derivatives Prepared from Carvone as a General Strategy for Complex Molecule Synthesis. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:746-758. [PMID: 35170951 PMCID: PMC9616203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of complex molecules (e.g., biologically active secondary metabolites) remains an important pursuit in chemical synthesis. By virtue of their sophisticated architectures, complex natural products inspire total synthesis campaigns that can lead to completely new ways of building molecules. In the twentieth century, one such paradigm which emerged was the use of naturally occurring "chiral pool terpenes" as starting materials for total synthesis. These inexpensive and naturally abundant molecules provide an easily accessed source of enantioenriched material for the enantiospecific preparation of natural products. The most common applications of chiral pool terpenes are in syntheses where their structure can, entirely or largely, be superimposed directly onto a portion of the target structure. Less straightforward uses, where the structure of the starting chiral pool terpene is not immediately evident in the structure of the target, can be more challenging to implement. Nevertheless, these "nonintuitive" approaches illustrate the ultimate promise of chiral pool-based strategies: that any single chiral pool terpene could be applied to syntheses of an indefinite number of structurally diverse complex synthetic targets.By definition, such strategies require carefully orchestrated sequences of C-C bond forming and C-C cleaving reactions which result in remodeling of the terpene architecture. The combination of traditional rearrangement chemistry and transition-metal-catalyzed C-C cleavage methods, the latter of which were primarily developed in the early twenty-first century, provide a rich and powerful toolbox for implementing this remodeling approach. In this Account, we detail our efforts to use a variety of C-C cleavage tactics in the skeletal remodeling of carvone, a chiral pool terpene. This skeletal remodeling strategy enabled the reorganization of the carvone scaffold into synthetic intermediates with a variety of carboskeletons, which we, then, leveraged for the total syntheses of structurally disparate terpene natural products.We begin by describing our initial investigations into various, mechanistically distinct C-C cleavage processes involving cyclobutanols synthesized from carvone. These initial studies showcased how electrophile-mediated semipinacol rearrangements of these cyclobutanols can lead to [2.2.1]bicyclic intermediates, and how Rh- and Pd-catalyzed C-C cleavage can lead to a variety of densely functionalized cyclohexenes pertinent to natural product synthesis. We, then, present several total syntheses using these synthetic intermediates, beginning with the bridged, polycyclic sesquiterpenoid longiborneol, which was synthesized from a carvone-derived [2.2.1]bicycle following a key semipinacol rearrangement. Next, we discuss how several members of the macrocyclic phomactin family were synthesized from a cyclohexene derivative prepared through a Rh-catalyzed C-C cleavage reaction. Finally, we describe our synthesis of the marine diterpene xishacorene B, which was prepared using a key Pd-catalyzed C-C cleavage/cross-coupling that facilitated the assembly of the core [3.3.1]bicycle that is resident in the natural product structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Lusi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Melecio A Perea
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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7
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Total synthesis of nine longiborneol sesquiterpenoids using a functionalized camphor strategy. Nat Chem 2022; 14:450-456. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00870-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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8
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Nandy M, Das S, Nanda S. Cyclobutane based "overbred intermediates" and their exploration in organic synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1582-1622. [PMID: 35089299 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02361f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
"Overbred intermediates" have been used in organic synthesis for a long time, but these intermediates are not categorized as such. This name was given recently in Hoffman's book Elements of Synthesis Planning. These intermediates are very useful to synthesize complex carbocyclic molecules. A number of powerful and efficient strategies have been developed by using overbred intermediates through innovative fragmentative transformations. This review is based on four-member overbred intermediates (cyclobutane based) that have been used in the total synthesis of natural products from 1968 to 2020. In the initial part, we have discussed synthetic methods (photochemical, metal-mediated, and other miscellaneous transformations) for the construction of cyclobutane overbred intermediates. In the later section, we have discussed how the overbred skeleton is cleaved through numerous fragmentation methods to access the desired target structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monosij Nandy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
| | - Swagata Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
| | - Samik Nanda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
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9
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Jones KE, Park B, Doering NA, Baik MH, Sarpong R. Rearrangements of the Chrysanthenol Core: Application to a Formal Synthesis of Xishacorene B. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20482-20490. [PMID: 34812038 PMCID: PMC9177077 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reported here are substrate-dictated rearrangements of chrysanthenol derivatives prepared from verbenone to access complex bicyclic frameworks. These rearrangements set the stage for a 10-step formal synthesis of the natural product xishacorene B. Key steps include an anionic allenol oxy-Cope rearrangement and a Suárez directed C-H functionalization. The success of this work was guided by extensive computational calculations which provided invaluable insight into the reactivity of the chrysanthenol-derived systems, especially in the key oxy-Cope rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry E Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bohyun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Nicolle A Doering
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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10
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Furiassi L, Tonogai EJ, Hergenrother PJ. Limonin as a Starting Point for the Construction of Compounds with High Scaffold Diversity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16119-16128. [PMID: 33973348 PMCID: PMC8260459 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Structurally complex natural products have been a fruitful source for the discovery and development of new drugs. In an effort to construct a compound collection populated by architecturally complex members with unique scaffolds, we have used the natural product limonin as a starting point. Limonin is an abundant triterpenoid natural product and, through alteration of its heptacyclic core ring system using short synthetic sequences, a collection of 98 compounds was created, including multiple members with novel ring systems. The reactions leveraged in the construction of these compounds include novel ring cleavage, rearrangements, and cyclizations, and this work is highlighted by the discovery of a novel B-ring cleavage reaction, a unique B/C-ring rearrangement, an atypical D-ring cyclization, among others. Computational analysis shows that 52 different scaffolds/ring systems were produced during the course of this work, of which 36 are unprecedented. Phenotypic screening and structure-activity relationships identified compounds with activity against a panel of cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Furiassi
- Department of Chemistry, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Emily J Tonogai
- Department of Chemistry, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Paul J Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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11
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Furiassi L, Tonogai EJ, Hergenrother PJ. Limonin as a Starting Point for the Construction of Compounds with High Scaffold Diversity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Furiassi
- Department of Chemistry Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology Cancer Center at Illinois University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Emily J. Tonogai
- Department of Chemistry Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology Cancer Center at Illinois University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Paul J. Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology Cancer Center at Illinois University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
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12
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Wang B, Perea MA, Sarpong R. Transition Metal-Mediated C-C Single Bond Cleavage: Making the Cut in Total Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18898-18919. [PMID: 31984640 PMCID: PMC7772057 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal-mediated cleavage of C-C single bonds can enable entirely new retrosynthetic disconnections in the total synthesis of natural products. Given that C-C bond cleavage inherently alters the carbon framework of a compound, and that, under transition-metal catalysis, the generated organometallic or radical intermediate is primed for further complexity-building reactivity, C-C bond-cleavage events have the potential to drastically and rapidly remodel skeletal frameworks. The recent acceleration of the use of transition-metal-mediated cleavage of C-C single bonds in total synthesis can be ascribed to a communal recognition of this fact. In this Review, we highlight ten selected total syntheses from 2014 to 2019 that illustrate how transition-metal-mediated cleavage of C-C single bonds at either the core or the periphery of synthetic intermediates can streamline synthetic efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
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13
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Abstract
This article reviews synthetic transformations involving cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond of a four-membered ring, with a particular focus on the examples reported during the period from 2011 to the end of 2019. Most significant is the progress of catalytic reactions involving oxidative addition of carbon-carbon bonds onto transition metals or β-carbon elimination of transition metal alkoxides. When they are looked at from synthetic perspectives, they offer unique and efficient methods to build complex natural products and structures that are difficult to construct by conventional methods. On the other hand, β-scission of radical intermediates has also attracted increasing attention as an alternative elementary step to cleave carbon-carbon bonds. Its site-selectivity is often complementary to that of transition metal-catalyzed reactions. In addition, Lewis acid-mediated and thermally induced ring-opening of cyclobutanone derivatives has garnered renewed attention. On the whole, these examples demonstrate unique synthetic potentials of structurally strained four-membered ring compounds for the construction of organic skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Murakami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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14
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Mu Y, Yuan Y, Wang Y, Xu M, Feng Y, Zhao Y, Li Y. Synthesis of indoline-fused eight-membered azaheterocycles through Zn-catalyzed dearomatization of indoles and subsequent base-promoted C-C activation. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6916-6926. [PMID: 32869825 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01626h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A cascade reaction involving the Zn-catalyzed dearomatization of indoles, base-promoted ring-expansion and intramolecular SNAr reaction has been developed. This process realized a novel, atom economical and efficient synthesis of indoline-fused eight-membered azaheterocycles in a one pot manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyang Mu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China.
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15
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Leger PR, Kuroda Y, Chang S, Jurczyk J, Sarpong R. C-C Bond Cleavage Approach to Complex Terpenoids: Development of a Unified Total Synthesis of the Phomactins. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15536-15547. [PMID: 32799452 PMCID: PMC7771649 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The rearrangement of carbon-carbon (C-C) single bonds in readily available carbocyclic scaffolds can yield uniquely substituted carbocycles that would be challenging to construct otherwise. This is a powerful and often non-intuitive approach for complex molecule synthesis. The transition-metal-mediated cleavage of C-C bonds has the potential to broaden the scope of this type of skeletal remodeling by providing orthogonal selectivities compared to more traditional pericyclic and carbocation-based rearrangements. To highlight this emerging technology, a unified, asymmetric, total synthesis of the phomactin terpenoids was developed, enabled by the selective C-C bond cleavage of hydroxylated pinene derivatives obtained from carvone. In this full account, the challenges, solutions, and intricacies of Rh(I)-catalyzed cyclobutanol C-C cleavage in a complex molecule setting are described. In addition, details of the evolution of strategies that ultimately led to the total synthesis of phomactins A, K, P, R, and T, as well as the synthesis and structural reassignment of Sch 49027, are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Leger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yusuke Kuroda
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Stanley Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Justin Jurczyk
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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16
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Wang B, Perea MA, Sarpong R. Übergangsmetallvermittelte Spaltung von C‐C‐Einfachbindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Wang
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Melecio A. Perea
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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17
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Hu YJ, Li LX, Han JC, Min L, Li CC. Recent Advances in the Total Synthesis of Natural Products Containing Eight-Membered Carbocycles (2009-2019). Chem Rev 2020; 120:5910-5953. [PMID: 32343125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural products containing eight-membered carbocycles constitute a class of structurally intriguing and biologically important molecules such as the famous diterpenes taxol and vinigrol. Such natural products are being increasingly investigated because of their fascinating architectural features and potent medicinal properties. However, synthesis of natural products with cyclooctane moieties has proved to be highly challenging. This review highlights the recently completed total syntheses of natural products with eight-membered carbocycles with a focus on strategic considerations. A collection of 27 representative studies from the literature covering the decade from 2009 to 2019 is described in chronological order with relevant studies grouped together, including syntheses of the same natural product by different research groups using different strategies. Finally, a summary and outlook including a discussion of the major features of each strategy used in the syntheses are presented. This review illustrates the diversity and creativity in the elegant synthetic designs of eight-membered carbocycles. We hope this review will provide timely illumination and beneficial guidance for future synthetic efforts for organic chemists who are interested in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jian Hu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Li-Xuan Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jing-Chun Han
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Long Min
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
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18
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Yuan Y, Guo Z, Mu Y, Wang Y, Xu M, Li Y. Synthesis of Spiro[5.n (n=6–8)]heterocycles through Successive Ring‐Expansion/Indole C‐2 Functionalization. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 People's Republic of China
| | - Zixia Guo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyang Mu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 People's Republic of China
| | - Murong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhong Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 People's Republic of China
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19
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Le Bras J, Muzart J. Pd-catalyzed reactions of cyclopropanols, cyclobutanols and cyclobutenols. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Pfaffenbach M, Bakanas I, O'Connor NR, Herrick JL, Sarpong R. Total Syntheses of Xiamycins A, C, F, H and Oridamycin A and Preliminary Evaluation of their Anti‐Fungal Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Bakanas
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | | | | | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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21
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Pfaffenbach M, Bakanas I, O'Connor NR, Herrick JL, Sarpong R. Total Syntheses of Xiamycins A, C, F, H and Oridamycin A and Preliminary Evaluation of their Anti-Fungal Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15304-15308. [PMID: 31419367 PMCID: PMC6791741 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Divergent and enantiospecific total syntheses of the indolosesquiterpenoids xiamycins A, C, F, H and oridamycin A have been accomplished. The syntheses, which commence from (R)-carvone, employ a key photoinduced benzannulation sequence to forge the carbazole moiety characteristic of these natural products. Late-stage diversification from a common intermediate enabled the first syntheses of xiamycins C and F, and an unexpected one-pot oxidative decarboxylation, which may prove general, led to xiamycin H. All synthetic intermediates and the natural products were tested for anti-fungal activity. Xiamycin H emerged as an inhibitor of three agriculturally relevant fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Pfaffenbach
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ian Bakanas
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | | | - Jessica L Herrick
- Corteva Agriscience, Crop Protection Discovery, Zionsville, IN, 46077, USA
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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22
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Rovira AR, Müller N, Deng W, Ndubaku C, Sarpong R. Bio-inspired synthesis of xishacorenes A, B, and C, and a new congener from fuscol. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7788-7791. [PMID: 31588327 PMCID: PMC6761873 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02572c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this manuscript, we describe the conversion of fuscol, a natural product isolated in 1978, to xishacorenes A, B, and C, isolated in 2017, as well as a previously unreported congener, which we have named xishacorene D.
The xishacorene natural products are structurally unique apolar diterpenoids that feature a bicyclo[3.3.1] framework. These secondary metabolites likely arise from the well-studied, structurally related diterpenoid fuscol. In this manuscript, we describe the conversion of fuscol to xishacorenes A, B, and C, as well as a previously unreported congener, which we have named xishacorene D. In addition, we describe immunomodulatory activity studies of the xishacorenes, a structurally related analogue, and fuscol. These studies were aided by an accurate determination of the physical properties (e.g., molar extinction coefficient) of the highly apolar xishacorenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Rovira
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA .
| | - Nicolas Müller
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA .
| | - Weiwen Deng
- Aduro Biotech, Inc. , 740 Heinz Ave , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA
| | - Chudi Ndubaku
- Aduro Biotech, Inc. , 740 Heinz Ave , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA .
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23
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Lenci E, Trabocchi A. Smart Design of Small‐Molecule Libraries: When Organic Synthesis Meets Cheminformatics. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1115-1123. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lenci
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”University of Florence Via della Lastruccia 13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florence Italy
| | - Andrea Trabocchi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”University of Florence Via della Lastruccia 13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florence Italy
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24
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Kong L, Wang M, Wang Y, Song B, Yang Y, Yao Q, Li Y. Merging base-promoted C-C bond cleavage and iron-catalyzed skeletal rearrangement involving C-C/C-H bond activation: synthesis of highly functionalized carbazoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11009-11012. [PMID: 30215063 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06074f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and atom-economical methodology for the synthesis of multi-substituted carbazoles starting from α-aryl ketones and ynones under mild reaction conditions has been developed. This process goes through Cs2CO3 promoted C-C σ-bond activation of α-aryl ketones followed by highly selective C-H bond activations and C-C bond fragmentations in a one-pot operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingkai Kong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China.
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25
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Kerschgens I, Rovira AR, Sarpong R. Total Synthesis of (−)-Xishacorene B from (R)-Carvone Using a C–C Activation Strategy. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:9810-9813. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Kerschgens
- Department of Chemistry, University of California−Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alexander R. Rovira
- Department of Chemistry, University of California−Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California−Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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26
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Kroc MA, Prajapati A, Wink DJ, Anderson LL. Cascade Synthesis of 3-Functionalized Indoles from Nitrones and Their Conversion to Cycloheptanone-Fused Indoles. J Org Chem 2017; 83:1085-1094. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A. Kroc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Ami Prajapati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Donald J. Wink
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Laura L. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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27
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Foley DJ, Craven PGE, Collins PM, Doveston RG, Aimon A, Talon R, Churcher I, von Delft F, Marsden SP, Nelson A. Synthesis and Demonstration of the Biological Relevance of sp 3 -rich Scaffolds Distantly Related to Natural Product Frameworks. Chemistry 2017; 23:15227-15232. [PMID: 28983993 PMCID: PMC5703167 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The productive exploration of chemical space is an enduring challenge in chemical biology and medicinal chemistry. Natural products are biologically relevant, and their frameworks have facilitated chemical tool and drug discovery. A "top-down" synthetic approach is described that enabled a range of complex bridged intermediates to be converted with high step efficiency into 26 diverse sp3 -rich scaffolds. The scaffolds have local natural product-like features, but are only distantly related to specific natural product frameworks. To assess biological relevance, a set of 52 fragments was prepared, and screened by high-throughput crystallography against three targets from two protein families (ATAD2, BRD1 and JMJD2D). In each case, 3D fragment hits were identified that would serve as distinctive starting points for ligand discovery. This demonstrates that frameworks that are distantly related to natural products can facilitate discovery of new biologically relevant regions within chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Foley
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Philip G. E. Craven
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Patrick M. Collins
- Diamond Light Source LtdHarwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotOX11 0QXUK
| | - Richard G. Doveston
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Anthony Aimon
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Romain Talon
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of Oxford, Roosevelt DriveOxfordOX3 7DQUK
| | - Ian Churcher
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research CentreStevenageSG1 2NYUK,BenevolentBio, ChurchwayLondonNW1 1LWUK
| | - Frank von Delft
- Diamond Light Source LtdHarwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotOX11 0QXUK
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of Oxford, Roosevelt DriveOxfordOX3 7DQUK
| | | | - Adam Nelson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
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28
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Brill ZG, Condakes ML, Ting CP, Maimone TJ. Navigating the Chiral Pool in the Total Synthesis of Complex Terpene Natural Products. Chem Rev 2017; 117:11753-11795. [PMID: 28293944 PMCID: PMC5638449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The pool of abundant chiral terpene building blocks (i.e., "chiral pool terpenes") has long served as a starting point for the chemical synthesis of complex natural products, including many terpenes themselves. As inexpensive and versatile starting materials, such compounds continue to influence modern synthetic chemistry. This review highlights 21st century terpene total syntheses which themselves use small, terpene-derived materials as building blocks. An outlook to the future of research in this area is highlighted as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary G. Brill
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Matthew L. Condakes
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Chi P. Ting
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Thomas J. Maimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
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29
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Guo JJ, Hu A, Chen Y, Sun J, Tang H, Zuo Z. Photocatalytic C−C Bond Cleavage and Amination of Cycloalkanols by Cerium(III) Chloride Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Guo
- School of Physical Science and Technology; ShanghaiTech University; Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Anhua Hu
- School of Physical Science and Technology; ShanghaiTech University; Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Yilin Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology; ShanghaiTech University; Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Jianfeng Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology; ShanghaiTech University; Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Haoming Tang
- School of Physical Science and Technology; ShanghaiTech University; Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Zhiwei Zuo
- School of Physical Science and Technology; ShanghaiTech University; Shanghai 201210 China
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30
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Guo JJ, Hu A, Chen Y, Sun J, Tang H, Zuo Z. Photocatalytic C−C Bond Cleavage and Amination of Cycloalkanols by Cerium(III) Chloride Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15319-15322. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Guo
- School of Physical Science and Technology; ShanghaiTech University; Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Anhua Hu
- School of Physical Science and Technology; ShanghaiTech University; Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Yilin Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology; ShanghaiTech University; Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Jianfeng Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology; ShanghaiTech University; Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Haoming Tang
- School of Physical Science and Technology; ShanghaiTech University; Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Zhiwei Zuo
- School of Physical Science and Technology; ShanghaiTech University; Shanghai 201210 China
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31
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32
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Garcia A, Drown BS, Hergenrother PJ. Access to a Structurally Complex Compound Collection via Ring Distortion of the Alkaloid Sinomenine. Org Lett 2016; 18:4852-4855. [PMID: 27650404 PMCID: PMC5479067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many compound collections used in high-throughput screening are composed of members whose structural complexity is considerably lower than that of natural products. We previously reported a strategy for the synthesis of complex and diverse small molecules from natural products using ring-distortion reactions, called complexity-to-diversity (CtD), and herein, CtD is applied in the synthesis of 16 diverse scaffolds and 65 total compounds from the alkaloid natural product sinomenine. Chemoinformatic analysis shows that these compounds possess complex ring systems and marked three-dimensionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Garcia
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Bryon S. Drown
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Paul J. Hergenrother
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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33
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Abstract
This review focuses on total syntheses of diterpenoids starting from carvone (1) since 2006 in the alphabetical order of compound names.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisahiro Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050, 2-Nocho, Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
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