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Sakthivel K, Gana RJ, Shoji T, Takenaga N, Dohi T, Singh FV. Recent progress in metal assisted multicomponent reactions in organic synthesis. Front Chem 2023; 11:1217744. [PMID: 37744060 PMCID: PMC10514581 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1217744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To prepare complicated organic molecules, straightforward, sustainable, and clean methodologies are urgently required. Thus, researchers are attempting to develop imaginative approaches. Metal-catalyzed multicomponent reactions (MCRs) offer optimal molecular diversity, high atomic efficiency, and energy savings in a single reaction step. These versatile protocols are often used to synthesize numerous natural compounds, heterocyclic molecules, and medications. Thus far, the majority of metal-catalyzed MCRs under investigation are based on metal catalysts such as copper and palladium; however, current research is focused on developing novel, environmentally friendly catalytic systems. In this regard, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of metal catalysts in MCRs. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of metal catalysts for safe application in MCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kokila Sakthivel
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. J. Gana
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Toshitaka Shoji
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | | | - Toshifumi Dohi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Fateh V. Singh
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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2
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Griboura N, Gatzonas K, Neochoritis CG. Still Relevant Today: The Asinger Multicomponent Reaction. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1997-2020. [PMID: 33769692 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Asinger multicomponent reaction is a versatile synthetic tool which gives access to multiple drug-like scaffolds such as 3-thiazolines. The diversity and easy access of its starting materials, its operational simplicity combined with mild conditions and relatively good yields, renders the Asinger reaction, today more than ever, a cornerstone not only in heterocyclic chemistry and modern synthesis but also in medicinal chemistry. In this review, we perform a thorough analysis of the scope and limitations on the different reaction variants with their starting materials, the three-dimensional solid-state conformations of the Asinger derivatives, and we underline and classify all the major post-modifications that have been described. In addition, we report all the major applications in drug discovery projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nefeli Griboura
- Chemistry Department, School of Science and Engineering, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Gatzonas
- Chemistry Department, School of Science and Engineering, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
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3
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Nazeri MT, Farhid H, Mohammadian R, Shaabani A. Cyclic Imines in Ugi and Ugi-Type Reactions. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2020; 22:361-400. [PMID: 32574488 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.0c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ugi four-component reactions (U-4CRs) are widely recognized as being highly efficient for the synthesis of pseudopeptides. However, the products of these reactions are not so interesting as drug candidates because they are not conformationally restricted enough for a potent interaction with biological targets. One possible way to overcome this problem is to replace amine and oxo components in the U-4CRs with cyclic imines in so-called Joullié-Ugi three-component reactions (JU-3CRs). This approach provides a robust single-step route to peptide moieties connected to N-heterocyclic motifs that are found as core skeletons in many natural products and pharmaceutical compounds. JU-3CRs also provide much better diastereoselectivity than their four-component analogues. We survey here the redesign of many synthetic routes for the efficient preparation of a wide variety of three-, five-, six-, and seven-membered heterocyclic compounds connected to the peptide backbone. Additionally, in the Ugi reactions based on the cyclic imines, α-acidic isocyanides, or azides can be replaced with normal isocyanides or acids, respectively, leading to the synthesis of N-heterocycles attached to oxazoles or tetrazoles, which are of great pharmaceutical significance. This Review includes all research articles related to Ugi reactions based on the cyclic imines to the year 2020 and will be useful to chemists in designing novel synthetic routes for the synthesis of individual and combinatorial libraries of natural products and drug-like compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taghi Nazeri
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box 19396-4716, 1983963113 Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Farhid
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box 19396-4716, 1983963113 Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box 19396-4716, 1983963113 Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Shaabani
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box 19396-4716, 1983963113 Tehran, Iran
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Graebin CS, Ribeiro FV, Rogério KR, Kümmerle AE. Multicomponent Reactions for the Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds: A Review. Curr Org Synth 2019; 16:855-899. [DOI: 10.2174/1570179416666190718153703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are composed of three or more reagents in which the final
product has all or most of the carbon atoms from its starting materials. These reactions represent, in the
medicinal chemistry context, great potential in the research for new bioactive compounds, since their products
can present great structural complexity. The aim of this review is to present the main multicomponent reactions
since the original report by Strecker in 1850 from nowadays, covering their evolution, highlighting their
significance in the discovery of new bioactive compounds. The use of MCRs is, indeed, a growing field of
interest in the synthesis of bioactive compounds and approved drugs, with several examples of commerciallyavailable
drugs that are (or can be) obtained through these protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric S. Graebin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, Brazil
| | - Felipe V. Ribeiro
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, Brazil
| | | | - Arthur E. Kümmerle
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, Brazil
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5
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Zhi S, Ma X, Zhang W. Consecutive multicomponent reactions for the synthesis of complex molecules. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:7632-7650. [PMID: 31339143 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00772e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) involving a minimum of three reactants or reaction centers are conducted in one pot and with a single operational step. This synthetic method has a good pot, atom and step economy in the preparation of diverse and complex molecular scaffolds. Consecutive MCRs, also known as sequential or multiple MCRs, by combining two or more MCRs, exhibit even higher synthetic efficiency, product structural diversity, and molecular complexity. This review article highlights the Ugi, Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé, Biginelli, Huisgen, Petasis, Gewald, and Asinger reaction-initiated consecutive MCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjun Zhi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Materials, Huaiyin Normal University, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125, USA.
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Khalesi M, Halimehjani AZ, Franz M, Schmidtmann M, Martens J. Ensembling three multicomponent reactions for the synthesis of a novel category of pseudo-peptides containing dithiocarbamate and N,X-heterocylic groups. Amino Acids 2018; 51:263-272. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2661-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Rainoldi G, Begnini F, de Munnik M, Lo Presti L, Vande Velde CML, Orru R, Lesma G, Ruijter E, Silvani A. Sequential Multicomponent Strategy for the Diastereoselective Synthesis of Densely Functionalized Spirooxindole-Fused Thiazolidines. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2018; 20:98-105. [PMID: 29323868 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.7b00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We developed two Ugi-type three-component reactions of spirooxindole-fused 3-thiazolines, isocyanides, and either carboxylic acids or trimethylsilyl azide, to give highly functionalized spirooxindole-fused thiazolidines. Two diverse libraries were generated using practical and robust procedures affording the products in typically good yields. The obtained thiazolidines proved to be suitable substrates for further transformations. Notably, both the Ugi-Joullié and the azido-Ugi reactions resulted highly diastereoselective, affording predominantly the trans-configured products, as confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Rainoldi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Fabio Begnini
- Department
of Chemistry—BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mariska de Munnik
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute of Molecules Medicines & Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonardo Lo Presti
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Christophe M. L. Vande Velde
- Faculty
of Applied Engineering, Advanced Reactor Technology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Romano Orru
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute of Molecules Medicines & Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giordano Lesma
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Eelco Ruijter
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute of Molecules Medicines & Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Silvani
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, Milano, 20133, Italy
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VenkataPrasad J, Krishnamurthy S, Moriguchi T, Tsuge A. Efficient synthesis of novel pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridone derivatives using the Ugi four-component reaction followed by condensation reaction. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj02569b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An efficient, cost effective and multicomponent method for the synthesis of new pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridone derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tetsuji Moriguchi
- Department of Material Science
- Kyushu Institute of Technology
- Kitakyushu
- Japan
| | - Akihiko Tsuge
- Department of Material Science
- Kyushu Institute of Technology
- Kitakyushu
- Japan
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Schlüter T, Ziyaei Halimehjani A, Wachtendorf D, Schmidtmann M, Martens J. Four-Component Reaction for the Synthesis of Dithiocarbamates Starting from Cyclic Imines. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2016; 18:456-60. [PMID: 27362425 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.6b00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
An efficient one-pot, four-component reaction for the synthesis of dithiocarbamates using carbon disulfide, cyclic imines, acid chlorides, and commercially available primary or secondary amines has been developed by performing an acid chloride addition to a heterocyclic imine followed by subsequent nucleophilic substitution of in situ generated dithiocarbamic acid. With the aid of the newly developed and powerful multicomponent reaction, a direct route for the synthesis of 24 unknown dithiocarbamates in moderate to good yield under mild conditions is enabled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Schlüter
- Institut
of Chemistry, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9−11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Azim Ziyaei Halimehjani
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, P.O. Box 15719-14911, 49 Mofateh
Street, Tehran 31979-37551, Iran
| | - Daniel Wachtendorf
- Institut
of Chemistry, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9−11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institut
of Chemistry, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9−11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Martens
- Institut
of Chemistry, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9−11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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