1
|
Vandeputte E, Antonetti E, Nava P, Dutasta JP, Chatelet B, Moraleda D, Nuel D, Giordano L, Martinez A. Straightforward Access to Chiral Phosphangulene Derivatives. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5314-5319. [PMID: 38568746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons including heteroatoms have found a wide range of applications, for instance, in supramolecular chemistry or material science. Phosphangulene derivatives are P-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons presenting a concave aromatic surface suitable for building supramolecular receptors. However, the applications of this convenient building block have been strongly hampered by a difficult and multistep preparation requiring several protection-deprotection sequences along with the use of harmful reagents. Here, we report a straightforward, protecting-group-free, three-step, and hundred-milligram-scale synthesis of a chiral phosphangulene oxide derivative via a triple phospho-Fries rearrangement. This compound was easily resolved by chiral HPLC and further functionalized, giving rise to versatile chiral phosphangulene derivatives. Following this strategy, chiral phosphangulene oxides with low symmetry were synthesized. Molecular crystal structures revealed a variety of molecular organization in the solid. This opens the way to wider use of this compound as a building block for cages or new materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emile Vandeputte
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Elise Antonetti
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Paola Nava
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Dutasta
- ENS Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie, UMR 5182, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Bastien Chatelet
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Delphine Moraleda
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Didier Nuel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Giordano
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Alexandre Martinez
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13013 Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tsurusaki A, Tahara S, Nakamura M, Matsumoto H, Kamikawa K. Synthesis, Structures, and Properties of π-Extended Phosphindolizine Derivatives. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203321. [PMID: 36539376 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dibenzo[b,g]phosphindolizine oxide and three types of benzo[e]naphthophosphindolizine oxides have been synthesized by the ring-closing metathesis of benzo[b]phosphole oxide and naphthophosphole oxides with two olefin tethers. Their molecular structures and properties were revealed by X-ray crystallographic analysis, UV-vis spectroscopy, and electrochemical analysis. The number and position of the benzene rings were found to alter the structural geometry and the HOMO/LUMO energy levels, and their effects were investigated by theoretical calculations. Among the phosphindolizine oxide derivatives investigated, only benzo[e]naphtho[2,3-b]phosphindolizine oxide with the naphthalene ring fused at 2,3-positions showed weak yellow fluorescence with a large Stokes shift.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Tsurusaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Sana Tahara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Ken Kamikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pei M, Tian A, Yang Q, Huang N, Wang L, Li D. Organophosphorus catalytic reaction based on reduction of phosphine oxide. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
4
|
Borissov A, Maurya YK, Moshniaha L, Wong WS, Żyła-Karwowska M, Stępień M. Recent Advances in Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds. Chem Rev 2022; 122:565-788. [PMID: 34850633 PMCID: PMC8759089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys recent progress in the chemistry of polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules with a focus on structural diversity and synthetic methodology. The article covers literature published during the period of 2016-2020, providing an update to our first review of this topic (Chem. Rev. 2017, 117 (4), 3479-3716).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet
Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stasyuk AJ, Stasyuk OA, Solà M, Voityuk AA. Photoinduced electron transfer in non-covalent complexes of C60 and phosphangulene oxide derivatives. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16214-16222. [PMID: 34726682 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02034j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) in a series of experimentally reported complexes of fullerene with phosphangulene oxides shows that the replacement of O atoms in the bridge of phosphangulene with S atoms promotes efficient and ultrafast ET from phosphangulene oxide to fullerene in PGOOSS⊃C60 and PGOSSS⊃C60 complexes. The results obtained can be useful for the development of photovoltaic devices based on phosphangulenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain. .,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - O A Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - M Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - A A Voityuk
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain. .,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Buckybowls have concave and convex surfaces with distinct π-electron cloud distribution, and consequently they show unique structural and electronic features as compared to planar aromatic polycycles. Doping the π-framework of buckybowls with heteroatoms is an efficient scheme to tailor inherent properties, because the nature of heteroatoms plays a pivotal role in the structural and electronic characteristics of the resulting hetera-buckybowls. The design, synthesis, and derivatization of hetera-buckybowls open an avenue for obtaining fascinating organic entities not only of fundamental importance but also of promising applications in optoelectronics. In this review, we summarize the advances in hetera-buckybowl chemistry, particularly the synthetic strategies toward these scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Oda S, Hatakeyama T. Development of One-Shot/One-Pot Borylation Reactions toward Organoboron-Based Materials. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Oda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Takuji Hatakeyama
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kroeger AA, Karton A. Perylene bisimide cyclophanes as receptors for planar transition structures – catalysis of stereoinversions by shape-complementarity and noncovalent π–π interactions. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00755f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Perylene bisimide cyclophanes, ideal receptors for planar aromatic compounds, act as π–π catalysts by stabilizing shape-complementary stereoinversion transition structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asja A. Kroeger
- School of Molecular Sciences
- The University of Western Australia
- Crawley
- Australia
| | - Amir Karton
- School of Molecular Sciences
- The University of Western Australia
- Crawley
- Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Phosphangulene (1) is a hexacyclic triarylphosphine with a distinctive conical shape and other features that allow the compound to be viewed from diverse perspectives and to be embraced by chemists from different parts of the field as a molecule worthy of special attention. In recent work, phosphangulene and its derivatives have proven to be effective tools for probing general principles that govern molecular organization in solids. The phosphangulene family is particularly well-suited for these studies because systematic structural changes in the compounds are easy to introduce. In crystals of phosphangulene itself, molecules are stacked efficiently like hats, giving rise to an R3m structure that is polar and pyroelectric. Simple conversion of the compound into phosphangulene oxide (7a) or other chalcogenides blocks effective stacking and forces crystallization to produce alternative structures that have many suboptimal intermolecular interactions and vary little in energy as their geometries are altered. This leads to high levels of polymorphism, and phosphangulene oxide (7a) belongs to the elite set of compounds known to exist in five or more forms characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. For similar reasons, phosphangulene chalcogenides form crystals with complex unit cells in which multiple inequivalent molecules are needed to optimize packing, and the compounds are also predisposed to form solvates and mixed crystals containing other molecules. For example, crystallization of a 1:1 mixture of phosphangulene and oxide 7a yielded needles composed of pure phosphangulene along with crystals of the oxide containing substantial amounts of phosphangulene. Phosphangulene has one known polymorph, and its crystallization rejects the oxide. In contrast, the oxide is highly polymorphic, and its crystallization is prone to errors in which molecules in the lattice are replaced by other compounds. Packing in crystals of the oxide appears to be so ineffective that the orientation and even the identity of the molecular components can be varied without imposing severe energetic penalties.Because substituted members of the phosphangulene family have awkward curved shapes that cannot be packed efficiently, they have emerged as highly effective partners for cocrystallizing fullerenes and for using concave-convex interactions to control how fullerenes can be organized in materials. This can be achieved without eliminating fullerene-fullerene contacts of the type needed to ensure conductivity. In addition, phosphangulene has created unlimited opportunities for making complex structures with large curved aromatic surfaces based on a new strategy in which the central atom of phosphorus is used to form covalent bonds with other elements or to introduce coordinative interactions with metals. In these ways, recent work has put phosphangulene in the spotlight as a compound of unusually broad interest and shown that it can appropriately be called a molecule for all chemists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Heskia
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2V0B3, Canada
| | - Thierry Maris
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2V0B3, Canada
| | - James D. Wuest
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2V0B3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhou L, Zhang G. A Nanoboat with Fused Concave N-Heterotriangulene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8963-8968. [PMID: 32150655 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The surface extension of all-carbon based bowl-shaped molecules, such as corannulene and sumanene, to synthesize even larger buckybowls has been widely studied, leaving other concave compounds with heteroatoms less considered. Herein we present a highly curved molecule synthesized via stepwise cyclization of fjords of a bisacridone derivative. Crystallographic analysis unambiguously confirmed a boat-shaped structure with deformed bottom benzene ring. Theoretical calculation unravels an inversion process with an S-shaped transition structure rather than a planar one. The enlarged boat demonstrates interesting properties, such as red shifts in absorption and emission spectra, enhanced emission intensity, and convergent frontier molecular orbital energy levels, in comparison to the related concave N-heterotriangulene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leyong Zhou
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Affiliation(s)
- Leyong Zhou
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Longpan Road 159 Nanjing 210037 P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Longpan Road 159 Nanjing 210037 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Schaub TA, Padberg K, Kivala M. Bridged triarylboranes, ‐silanes, ‐amines, and ‐phosphines as minimalistic heteroatom‐containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Progress and challenges. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A. Schaub
- Organisch‐Chemisches InstitutRuprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Kevin Padberg
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversität Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch‐Chemisches InstitutRuprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Schaub TA, Padberg K, Kivala M. The Renaissance of Bridged Triarylphosphines: Towards Organophosphorus Molecular Bowls. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A. Schaub
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kevin Padberg
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Heskia A, Maris T, Aguiar PM, Wuest JD. Building Large Structures with Curved Aromatic Surfaces by Complexing Metals with Phosphangulene. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18740-18753. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Heskia
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Thierry Maris
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Pedro M. Aguiar
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - James D. Wuest
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hu L, Mahaut D, Tumanov N, Wouters J, Robiette R, Berionni G. Complementary Synthetic Approaches toward 9-Phosphatriptycene and Structure-Reactivity Investigations of Its Association with Sterically Hindered Lewis Acids. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11268-11274. [PMID: 31385508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two practical and high-yielding syntheses of 9-phosphatriptycene are reported. In both approaches, the key step is based on the cyclization of a (tris)lithio-triphenylmethane or a (tris)lithio-triphenylphosphine intermediate on a phosphorus or a carbon electrophile, respectively. The association of 9-phosphatriptycene with representative boron- and carbon-centered Lewis acids was investigated by IR, NMR, and UV-vis titration experiments and by computational methods, shedding light on its steric hindrance, σ-donating ability, and Brønsted and Lewis basicities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter , University of Namur , rue de Bruxelles 61 , 5000 Namur , Belgium.,Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences , Université catholique de Louvain , Place Louis Pasteur 1 Box L4.01.02 , 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
| | - Damien Mahaut
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter , University of Namur , rue de Bruxelles 61 , 5000 Namur , Belgium
| | - Nikolay Tumanov
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter , University of Namur , rue de Bruxelles 61 , 5000 Namur , Belgium
| | - Johan Wouters
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter , University of Namur , rue de Bruxelles 61 , 5000 Namur , Belgium
| | - Raphaël Robiette
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences , Université catholique de Louvain , Place Louis Pasteur 1 Box L4.01.02 , 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
| | - Guillaume Berionni
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter , University of Namur , rue de Bruxelles 61 , 5000 Namur , Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Affiliation(s)
- Niping Deng
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tsurusaki A, Matsumoto H, Kamikawa K. Dibenzo[b,e]phosphindolizines synthesized by a ring-closing metathesis of benzo[b]phospholes with two vinyl tethers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:4909-4912. [PMID: 30892322 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00463g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dibenzo[b,e]phosphindolizines 1 were successfully synthesized by a ring-closing metathesis of benzo[b]phosphole chalcogenides 2a-2c with two vinyl tethers (for chalcogen analogs 1a-1c), and by a deselenization reaction (for lone-pair analog 1d). The structures, properties, and bowl inversion derived from a phosphorus atom were fully investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Tsurusaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hirai M, Tanaka N, Sakai M, Yamaguchi S. Structurally Constrained Boron-, Nitrogen-, Silicon-, and Phosphorus-Centered Polycyclic π-Conjugated Systems. Chem Rev 2019; 119:8291-8331. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Hirai
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mika Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Wang S, Shang J, Yan C, Wang W, Yuan C, Zhang HL, Shao X. Trichalcogenasumanenes containing various chalcogen atoms: synthesis, structure, properties, and chemical reactivity. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo01220b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Trichalcogenasumanenes containing two kinds of chalcogen are synthesized. The majority chalcogen governs the optical properties and the heavier chalcogen governs the chemical reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Jihai Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Chaoxian Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Chengshan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Xiangfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gotoh H, Nakatsuka S, Kondo Y, Sasada Y, Hatakeyama T. Triangulene-based Efficient Exciton Blocking Material for Organic Light-emitting Diodes. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.180314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Gotoh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Soichiro Nakatsuka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kondo
- JNC Petrochemical Corporation, 5-1 Goi Kaigan, Ichihara, Chiba 290-8551, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sasada
- JNC Petrochemical Corporation, 5-1 Goi Kaigan, Ichihara, Chiba 290-8551, Japan
| | - Takuji Hatakeyama
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rosenberg M, Rostgaard KR, Liao Z, Madsen AØ, Martinez KL, Vosch T, Laursen BW. Design, synthesis, and time-gated cell imaging of carbon-bridged triangulenium dyes with long fluorescence lifetime and red emission. Chem Sci 2018; 9:3122-3130. [PMID: 29780456 PMCID: PMC5932597 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00089a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved fluorescence offers many advantages over normal steady-state detection and becomes increasingly important in bioimaging. However, only very few fluorophores with emission in the visible range and fluorescence lifetimes above 5 ns are available. In this work, we prepare a series of new aza/oxa-triangulenium dyes where one of the usual oxa or aza bridges is replaced by an isopropyl bridge. This leads to a significant redshift of fluorescence with only moderate reductions of quantum yields and a unique long fluorescence lifetime. The fluorescence of the isopropyl bridged diazatriangulenium derivative CDATA+ is red-shifted by 50 nm (1400 cm-1) as compared to the oxygen-bridged DAOTA+ chromophore and has intense emission in the red region (600-700 nm) with a quantum yield of 61%, and a fluorescence lifetime of 15.8 ns in apolar solution. When the CDATA+ dye is used as cell stain, high photostability and efficient time-gated cell imaging is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rosenberg
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark . ;
| | - K R Rostgaard
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark . ;
| | - Z Liao
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark . ;
| | - A Ø Madsen
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark
| | - K L Martinez
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark . ;
| | - T Vosch
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark . ;
| | - B W Laursen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark . ;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bui TT, Goubard F, Ibrahim-Ouali M, Gigmes D, Dumur F. Recent advances on organic blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:282-308. [PMID: 29507635 PMCID: PMC5815274 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of highly emissive and stable blue emitters for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) is still a challenge, justifying the intense research activity of the scientific community in this field. Recently, a great deal of interest has been devoted to the elaboration of emitters exhibiting a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). By a specific molecular design consisting into a minimal overlap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) due to a spatial separation of the electron-donating and the electron-releasing parts, luminescent materials exhibiting small S1-T1 energy splitting could be obtained, enabling to thermally upconvert the electrons from the triplet to the singlet excited states by reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). By harvesting both singlet and triplet excitons for light emission, OLEDs competing and sometimes overcoming the performance of phosphorescence-based OLEDs could be fabricated, justifying the interest for this new family of materials massively popularized by Chihaya Adachi since 2012. In this review, we proposed to focus on the recent advances in the molecular design of blue TADF emitters for OLEDs during the last few years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Tuân Bui
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces (LPPI), Université de Cergy-Pontoise, 5 mail Gay Lussac, Neuville sur Oise, 95031 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France
| | - Fabrice Goubard
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces (LPPI), Université de Cergy-Pontoise, 5 mail Gay Lussac, Neuville sur Oise, 95031 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France
| | | | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR, UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR, UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Regulska E, Romero-Nieto C. Highlights on π-systems based on six-membered phosphorus heterocycles. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:10344-10359. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01485j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we highlight relevant π-systems based on six-membered phosphorus heterocycles as well as their potential in bio- and optoelectronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Regulska
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
- Institute of Chemistry
| | - Carlos Romero-Nieto
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
- HEiKA – Heidelberg–Karlsruhe Research Partnership
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fujimoto K, Osuka A. Effective stabilization of a planar phosphorus(iii) center embedded in a porphyrin-based fused aromatic skeleton. Chem Sci 2017; 8:8231-8239. [PMID: 29568471 PMCID: PMC5857933 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03882h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Planar phosphorus(iii) centers were effectively stabilized by structural constraint as well as aromatic stabilization in porphyrin-based fused π-conjugated frameworks.
Organophosphorus(iii) compounds usually take on stable pyramidal structures with a large inversion barrier of 30–35 kcal mol–1. In contrast, diphenylphosphine-fused Ni(ii) porphyrin, where the phosphorus atom is directly attached at the meso-position and embedded in a rigid skeleton, exhibits a considerably planarized phosphorus center. Here we report the synthesis of a mesityl-substituted Ni(ii) porphyrin analogue, 6, which allowed an evaluation of the inversion barrier (ΔG‡203) by variable temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy which showed it to be exceptionally small, at 14.0 kcal mol–1. The observed small inversion barrier has been attributed to conformational constraint imposed by the fused structure. In addition, it was thought that the planar transition state is stabilized by the Ni(ii) porphyrin network that allows the contribution of a 22π-aromatic circuit involving phosphorus lone-pair electrons. Along this postulate, we attempted to engineer diarylphosphine-fused porphyrins with smaller inversion barriers by replacing the fused benzene rings with five-membered heterocyclic rings such as thiophene, benzothiophene, benzofuran, indole, benzothiophene 1,1-dioxide, and thiophene 1,1-dioxide. In that order, the aromatic character of the heterocycle decreases, which leads to increasing contribution of the 22π-aromatic circuit. Actually, the inversion barrier of the phosphorus center becomes smaller in this order and reaches 8.7 kcal mol–1 for thiophene 1,1-dioxide-fused Ni(ii) porphyrin 15, supporting the postulate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto , 606-8502 , Japan .
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto , 606-8502 , Japan .
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu Z, Wu JQ, Yang SD. Ir(III)-Catalyzed Direct C–H Functionalization of Arylphosphine Oxides: A Strategy for MOP-Type Ligands Synthesis. Org Lett 2017; 19:5434-5437. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Ji-Qiang Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Shang-Dong Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
- State
Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Szűcs R, Bouit P, Nyulászi L, Hissler M. Phosphorus‐Containing Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:2618-2630. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rózsa Szűcs
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRSUniversité de Rennes 1 Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes Cedex France
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryBudapest University of Technology and Economics Szt. Gellert ter 4 H-1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Pierre‐Antoine Bouit
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRSUniversité de Rennes 1 Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes Cedex France
| | - László Nyulászi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryBudapest University of Technology and Economics Szt. Gellert ter 4 H-1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Muriel Hissler
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRSUniversité de Rennes 1 Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes Cedex France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Follet E, Mayer P, Stephenson DS, Ofial AR, Berionni G. Reactivity-Tuning in Frustrated Lewis Pairs: Nucleophilicity and Lewis Basicity of Sterically Hindered Phosphines. Chemistry 2017; 23:7422-7427. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Follet
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - David S. Stephenson
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Armin R. Ofial
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Guillaume Berionni
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nakatsuka S, Gotoh H, Kinoshita K, Yasuda N, Hatakeyama T. Divergent Synthesis of Heteroatom-Centered 4,8,12-Triazatriangulenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:5087-5090. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Nakatsuka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology; Kwansei Gakuin University; 2-1 Gakuen Sanda Hyogo 669-1337 Japan
| | - Hajime Gotoh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology; Kwansei Gakuin University; 2-1 Gakuen Sanda Hyogo 669-1337 Japan
| | - Keisuke Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology; Kwansei Gakuin University; 2-1 Gakuen Sanda Hyogo 669-1337 Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yasuda
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI); 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho Sayo-gun Hyogo 679-5198 Japan
| | - Takuji Hatakeyama
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology; Kwansei Gakuin University; 2-1 Gakuen Sanda Hyogo 669-1337 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nakatsuka S, Gotoh H, Kinoshita K, Yasuda N, Hatakeyama T. Divergent Synthesis of Heteroatom-Centered 4,8,12-Triazatriangulenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Nakatsuka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology; Kwansei Gakuin University; 2-1 Gakuen Sanda Hyogo 669-1337 Japan
| | - Hajime Gotoh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology; Kwansei Gakuin University; 2-1 Gakuen Sanda Hyogo 669-1337 Japan
| | - Keisuke Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology; Kwansei Gakuin University; 2-1 Gakuen Sanda Hyogo 669-1337 Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yasuda
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI); 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho Sayo-gun Hyogo 679-5198 Japan
| | - Takuji Hatakeyama
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology; Kwansei Gakuin University; 2-1 Gakuen Sanda Hyogo 669-1337 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Suzuki S, Kira S, Kozaki M, Yamamura M, Hasegawa T, Nabeshima T, Okada K. An efficient synthetic method for organometallic radicals: structures and properties of gold(i)-(nitronyl nitroxide)-2-ide complexes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:2653-2659. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04685a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
One-pot synthesis of (nitronyl nitroxide)-gold(i)-phosphine (NN-Au-P) complexes has been developed using chloro(tetrahydrothiophene)gold(i), phosphine ligands, nitronyl nitroxide radicals, and sodium hydroxide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka City University
- Osaka
- Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
| | - Sayaka Kira
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka City University
- Osaka
- Japan
| | | | - Masaki Yamamura
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science (TIMS)
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Toru Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science (TIMS)
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nabeshima
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science (TIMS)
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Keiji Okada
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka City University
- Osaka
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Schaub TA, Zolnhofer EM, Halter DP, Shubina TE, Hampel F, Meyer K, Kivala M. A Stable Crystalline Triarylphosphine Oxide Radical Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:13597-13601. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A. Schaub
- Chair of Organic Chemistry I; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Eva M. Zolnhofer
- Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dominik P. Halter
- Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Tatyana E. Shubina
- Computer Chemistry Center (CCC); University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nägelsbachstrasse 25 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Chair of Organic Chemistry I; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Chair of Organic Chemistry I; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Schaub TA, Zolnhofer EM, Halter DP, Shubina TE, Hampel F, Meyer K, Kivala M. Ein stabiles kristallines Triarylphosphinoxidradikalanion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A. Schaub
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I; Department für Chemie und Pharmazie; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Henkestraße 42 91054 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Eva M. Zolnhofer
- Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie; Department für Chemie und Pharmazie; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Dominik P. Halter
- Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie; Department für Chemie und Pharmazie; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Tatyana E. Shubina
- Computer Chemie Zentrum (CCC); Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nägelsbachstraße 25 91052 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Frank Hampel
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I; Department für Chemie und Pharmazie; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Henkestraße 42 91054 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie; Department für Chemie und Pharmazie; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Milan Kivala
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I; Department für Chemie und Pharmazie; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Henkestraße 42 91054 Erlangen Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
|