1
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Tang J, Li S, Fu Y, Su Z, Xu J, Xue W, Zheng X, Li R, Chen H, Fu H. Radical meta-C-H Halogenation of Azines via N-Benzyl Activation Strategy. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38984739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Regioselective halogenation of six-membered N-heteroarenes is crucial for precise functional derivatization. We present a meta-selective halogenation method for pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines via electrophilic halogen radical addition utilizing an N-benzyl activation strategy. This method achieves C3- and C5-dihalogenation in pyridines, C3- and C6-dihalogenation in quinolines, and C3-monohalogenation in isoquinolines. The feasibility and potential applications of this method were validated through scale-up reactions and the bromination of quinoline derivatives with biomolecular fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Shun Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yihua Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Weichao Xue
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xueli Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ruixiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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2
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Zhou J, Huang X, Yu X, Yang L, Han JY, Lhazom T, Cui HL. HCl/DMSO/HFIP-Mediated Chlorination of Pyrrolo[2,1- a]isoquinolines and Other Electron-Rich Heteroarenes. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38920085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
An efficient oxidative chlorination of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines has been established using HCl (aq) as the chlorine source and DMSO as the terminal oxidant in HFIP at ambient temperature. A variety of chlorinated pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives have been prepared readily in 23 to 99% yields. This chlorination strategy can be expanded to the functionalization of other electron-rich heteroarenes including substituted pyrroles, indoles, and naphthols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yu
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
| | - Liu Yang
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Yi Han
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
| | - Tsesong Lhazom
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Lei Cui
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
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3
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Cui HL. Recent advances in oxidative chlorination. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1580-1601. [PMID: 38312070 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02012f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Considering the wide occurrence and extensive application of organic chlorides in many research fields, the development of easy, practical and green chlorination methodologies is much needed. In the oxidative chlorination strategy, active chlorinating species can be in situ formed by the interaction of easily accessible chlorides such as NaCl, HCl, KCl, CHCl3, etc. and suitable oxidants. Among the established chlorination approaches, this strategy is an attractive one as it features the use of readily available, cheap and safe inorganic or organic chlorides, good atom economy of chlorine, and multiple choices of oxidants. This review summarizes the representative methodologies in the field of oxidative chlorination, covering 2013 to 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lei Cui
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Ave., Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, PR China.
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4
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Li X, Cheng Y, Li Y, Sun F, Zhan X, Yang Z, Yang J, Du Y. DMSO/SOCl 2-Enabled Synthesis of 3-Chloroindoles via Desulfonylative Chlorocyclization of N,N-Disubstituted 2-Alkynylanilines. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2039-2049. [PMID: 38241277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The application of the DMSO/SOCl2 system enabled the intramolecular cyclization/chlorination of N,N-disubstituted 2-alkynylanilines, leading to the synthesis of a series of 3-chloroindoles with moderate to good yields. Differing from the previously reported interrupted Pummerer reaction featuring the introduction of SMe moiety, the current approach adopted an alternative pathway that realized the incorporation of chlorine atom to the indole skeleton via a desulfonylative chlorocyclization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yifu Cheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yue Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Fengxia Sun
- Research Center for Chemical Safety & Security and Verification Technology & College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhifang Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jingyue Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Yunfei Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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5
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Engbers S, Guo Y, Klein JEMN. A Porphyrin Iron(III) π-Dication Species and its Relevance in Catalyst Design for the Umpolung of Nucleophiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313006. [PMID: 37751302 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Isoporphyrins have recently been identified as remarkable species capable of turning the nucleophile attached to the porphyrin ring into an electrophile, thereby providing umpolung of reactivity (Inorg. Chem. 2022, 61, 8105-8111). They are generated by nucleophilic attack on an iron(III) π-dication, a class of species that has received scant attention. Here, we explore the effect of the porphyrin meso-substituent and report a iron(III) π-dication bearing the meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) ligand. We provide an extensive study of the species by UV/Vis absorption, 2 H NMR, EPR, applied field Mössbauer, and resonance Raman spectroscopy. We further explore the system's highly dynamic and tunable properties and address the nature of the axial ligands as well as the conformation of the porphyrin ring. The insights presented are essential for the rational design of catalysts for the umpolung of nucleophiles. Such catalytic avenues could for example provide a novel method for electrophilic chlorinations. We further examine the importance of electronic tuning of the porphyrin by nature of the meso-substituent as a factor in catalyst design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silène Engbers
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands
| | - Yisong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States
| | - Johannes E M N Klein
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands
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6
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Jiao Y, Chen Z, Qiu W, Xie H, Yang J, Peng X, Xie W, Gu Q, Li M, Liu K, Su SJ. Mild Synthesis of Polychlorinated Arenes for Efficient Organic Light-emitting Diodes with Dual Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309104. [PMID: 37500601 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated (hetero)arenes have shown great promise for organic optoelectronics applications. However, the harsh synthetic routes for polychlorinated compounds and the possible luminescence quenching from the compact intermolecular π-π stacking induced by chlorine atoms limit their investigations and applications in luminescent materials. Herein, two isomeric polychlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds JY-1-Cl and JY-2-Cl consisting of rigidified aryl ketones and amine are designed and synthesized under mild conditions through nucleophilic chlorination intermediated by an electron donor-acceptor complex. Among them, as a result of the strong π-π interactions induced by chlorine atoms, JY-2-Cl exhibits bright monomer and dimer emissions with dual thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) characters. Notably, compared with the non-chlorinated compounds, a high photoluminescence quantum yield is maintained after introducing multiple chlorine atoms into JY-2-Cl. The first dual-TADF organic light-emitting diodes are also successfully fabricated with maximum external quantum efficiency as high as 29.1 % by employing JY-2-Cl as emitter. This work presents a new paradigm and synthesis of polychlorinated amine-carbonyl PAHs and demonstrates the great potential of the chlorinated materials for luminescent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guang-dong Province, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guang-dong Province, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guang-dong Province, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guang-dong Province, P. R. China
| | - Jiaji Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guang-dong Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guang-dong Province, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guang-dong Province, P. R. China
| | - Qing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guang-dong Province, P. R. China
| | - Mengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guang-dong Province, P. R. China
| | - Kunkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guang-dong Province, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guang-dong Province, P. R. China
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7
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Cui HL, Chen XH. POCl 3/Sulfoxide and AcCl/Sulfoxide Mediated Chlorination of Pyrrolo[2,1- a]isoquinolines. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11935-11944. [PMID: 37550603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an efficient chlorination of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives using POCl3 as the chlorine source and tetramethylene sulfoxide as a promoter. A series of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines, polysubstituted pyrroles, and naphthols have been readily chlorinated under mild reaction conditions (26 examples, up to >99% yield). AcCl can also act as the chlorine source competently in this chlorination reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lei Cui
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Ave., Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Hui Chen
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Ave., Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
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8
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Zheng T, Xu J, Cheng S, Ye J, Ma S, Tong R. Green Halogenation of Indoles with Oxone-Halide. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11497-11503. [PMID: 37499121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative functionalization of indoles is one of the most widely used approaches to exploit the synthetic utility of indoles. In continuation of our research interest in the green oxidation of indoles, we further explore the oxidation of indoles with oxone-halide and discover that the protecting group on the nitrogen of indoles plays a decisive role in controlling the pathways of indole oxidation with oxone-halide. An electron-withdrawing group on the nitrogen of indoles (N-EWG) enables C2 halogenation with stoichiometric halide, while C3 halogenation could be selectively achieved by using stoichiometric halide without dependence on the electronic property of the protecting group on the indole nitrogen. Different from our previous results obtained by using catalytic halide, these findings lead to the development of an environmentally friendly, efficient, and mild protocol for access to 2- or 3-haloindoles (chloro and bromo). As compared to the previous synthetic methods for 2-/3-haloindoles, our method exploits the in situ-generated reactive halogenating species from oxone-halide for halogenation of indoles and thus eliminates the use of stoichiometric halogenating agents and the production of toxic and hazardous organic byproducts derived from oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shaojun Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jianghai Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shiqiang Ma
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rongbiao Tong
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
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9
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Costabel D, Nabiyan A, Chettri A, Jacobi F, Heiland M, Guthmuller J, Kupfer S, Wächtler M, Dietzek-Ivanšić B, Streb C, Schacher FH, Peneva K. Diiodo-BODIPY Sensitizing of the [Mo 3S 13] 2- Cluster for Noble-Metal-Free Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution within a Polyampholytic Matrix. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:20833-20842. [PMID: 37026740 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on a photocatalytic setup that utilizes the organic photosensitizer (PS) diiodo-BODIPY and the non-precious-metal-based hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst (NH4)2[Mo3S13] together with a polyampholytic unimolecular matrix poly(dehydroalanine)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) (PDha-g-PEG) in aqueous media. The system shows exceptionally high performance with turnover numbers (TON > 7300) and turnover frequencies (TOF > 450 h-1) that are typical for noble-metal-containing systems. Excited-state absorption spectra reveal the formation of a long-lived triplet state of the PS in both aqueous and organic media. The system is a blueprint for developing noble-metal-free HER in water. Component optimization, e.g., by modification of the meso substituent of the PS and the composition of the HER catalyst, is further possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Costabel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Afshin Nabiyan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Avinash Chettri
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Franz Jacobi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Magdalena Heiland
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Julien Guthmuller
- Institute of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdansk University of Technology, 80233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Wächtler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry and Jena Center of Soft Matter, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Streb
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Felix H Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry and Jena Center of Soft Matter, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Kalina Peneva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry and Jena Center of Soft Matter, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
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10
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Kleoff M, Voßnacker P, Riedel S. The Rise of Trichlorides Enabling an Improved Chlorine Technology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216586. [PMID: 36622244 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chlorine plays a central role for the industrial production of numerous materials with global relevance. More recently, polychlorides have been evolved from an area of academic interest to a research topic with enormous industrial potential. In this minireview, the value of trichlorides for chlorine storage and chlorination reactions are outlined. Particularly, the inexpensive ionic liquid [NEt3 Me][Cl3 ] shows a similar and sometimes even advantageous reactivity compared to chlorine gas, while offering a superior safety profile. Used as a chlorine storage, [NEt3 Me][Cl3 ] could help to overcome the current limitations of storing and transporting chlorine in larger quantities. Thus, trichlorides could become a key technique for the flexibilization of the chlorine production enabling an exploitation of renewable, yet fluctuating, electrical energy. As the loaded storage, [NEt3 Me][Cl3 ], is a proven chlorination reagent, it could directly be employed for downstream processes, paving the path to a more practical and safer chlorine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Kleoff
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Voßnacker
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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11
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Jian Y, Liang P, Li X, Shao H, Ma X. Controllable transformation of indoles using iodine(III) reagent. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 21:179-186. [PMID: 36472160 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01951e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein, an efficient and highly functional group-compatible procedure for controllable transformation of indoles by the combination of phenyliodine bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA) with n-Bu4NCl·H2O (TBAC) was exploited. Through controlling the amount of PIFA and TBAC from one to three equivalents, 3-chloro-indoles, 3-chloro-2-oxindoles, and 3,3-dichloro-2-oxindoles were obtained, respectively, in satisfactory to excellent yields. The advantages of the protocol include mild conditions, facile process with short reaction time, high yields, satisfactory functional group tolerance, and the use of PIFA, which is an air- and moisture-stable promoter. The mechanism studies showed that the reaction may proceed through a halonium ion species-mediated halogenation-elimination-halogenation stepwise process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxiang Jian
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liang
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,School of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology and Application, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry of Sichuan Institutes of Higher Education, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Xueyuan Street 180, Huixing Road, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Huawu Shao
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Ma
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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12
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Dai PF, Xu H. Novel Chlorination of Imidazo‐Fused Heterocycles via Dichloro(aryl)‐λ3‐iodanes. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Dai
- First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Department of Nuclear Medicine 218 Jixi Road 230022 Hefei CHINA
| | - Huiqin Xu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Department of Nuclear Medicine 230022 NanJing CHINA
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13
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Segura-Quezada LA, Torres-Carbajal KR, Juárez-Ornelas KA, Alonso-Castro AJ, Ortiz-Alvarado R, Dohi T, Solorio-Alvarado CR. Iodine(III) reagents for oxidative aromatic halogenation. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5009-5034. [PMID: 35703407 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00741j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Iodine(III) reagents have attracted chemical relvance in organic synthesis by their use as safe, non-toxic, green and easy to handle reagents in different transformations. These characteristics make them important alternatives to procedures involving hazardous and harsh reaction conditions. Their versatility as oxidants has been exploited in the functionalization of different aromatic cores, which allow the introduction of several groups. Metal-free arylation using iodine(III) reagents is by far one of the most described topics in the literature; however, other highly relevant non-aromatic groups have been also introduced. Herein, we summarize the most representative developed procedures for the functionalization of aryls and heteroaryls by introducing halogens, using different iodine(III) reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Segura-Quezada
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Cerro de la Venada S/N, 36040, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico.
| | - Karina R Torres-Carbajal
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Cerro de la Venada S/N, 36040, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico.
| | - Kevin A Juárez-Ornelas
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Cerro de la Venada S/N, 36040, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico.
| | - Angel J Alonso-Castro
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Cerro de la Venada S/N, 36040, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico.
| | - Rafael Ortiz-Alvarado
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Facultad de Químico Farmacobiología, Tzintzuntzan 173, col. Matamoros, Morelia, Mich., Mexico.
| | - Toshifumi Dohi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Nojihigashi, Kusatsu Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
| | - César R Solorio-Alvarado
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Cerro de la Venada S/N, 36040, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico.
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14
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Yuan Y, Guo D, Liu Y, Wan C, Lu D, Yang H, Lu Y, Meng W, Wang H, Zhang X. Iron(III)‐Mediated Nucleophilic Halogenation of Phenols Using an Amido Directing Group. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University School of Chemistry and Pharmacy Yangling CHINA
| | - Dou Guo
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University School of Chemistry Yangling CHINA
| | - Yibo Liu
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University School of Chemistry Yangling CHINA
| | - Congcong Wan
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University School of Chemistry Yangling CHINA
| | - Dongbiao Lu
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University School of Chemistry Yangling CHINA
| | - Hongxiang Yang
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University School of Chemistry Yangling CHINA
| | - Yufan Lu
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University School of Chemistry Yangling CHINA
| | - Wei Meng
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University School of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Hongling Wang
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University School of Chemistry Yangling CHINA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Northwest A&F University: Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University College of Science 22 Xinong Road 712100 Yangling CHINA
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15
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Dohi T, Zhdankin VV, Kumar R, Rimi R, Soni S, Uttam B, China H. Recyclable Hypervalent Iodine Reagents in Modern Organic Synthesis. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1737909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHypervalent iodine (HVI) reagents have gained much attention as versatile oxidants because of their low toxicity, mild reactivity, easy handling, and availability. Despite their unique reactivity and other advantageous properties, stoichiometric HVI reagents are associated with the disadvantage of generating non-recyclable iodoarenes as waste/co-products. To overcome these drawbacks, the syntheses and utilization of various recyclable hypervalent iodine reagents have been established in recent years. This review summarizes the development of various recyclable non-polymeric, polymer-supported, ionic-liquid-supported, and metal–organic framework (MOF)-hybridized HVI reagents.1 Introduction2 Polymer-Supported Hypervalent Iodine Reagents2.1 Polymer-Supported Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents2.2 Polymer-Supported Hypervalent Iodine(V) Reagents3 Non-Polymeric Recyclable Hypervalent Iodine Reagents3.1 Non-Polymeric Recyclable Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents3.2 Recyclable Non-Polymeric Hypervalent Iodine(V) Reagents3.3 Fluorous Hypervalent Iodine Reagents4 Ionic-Liquid/Ion-Supported Hypervalent Iodine Reagents5 Metal–Organic Framework (MOF)-Hybridized Hypervalent Iodine Reagents6 Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Dohi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Viktor V Zhdankin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology
| | - Rimi Rimi
- Department of Chemistry, J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology
| | - Sakshi Soni
- Department of Chemistry, J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology
| | - Bhawna Uttam
- Department of Chemistry, J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology
| | - Hideyasu China
- Department of Medical Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology
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16
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Yang F, Wang X, Zhao W, Yu F, Yu Z. Hypervalent Iodine(III)-Promoted C3-H Regioselective Halogenation of 4-Quinolones under Mild Conditions. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:34044-34055. [PMID: 34926952 PMCID: PMC8675166 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A simple and practical protocol for the C3-H regioselective halogenation of 4-quinolones by the action of potassium halide salt and PIFA/PIDA in good to excellent yields was developed. The current approach provides feasible access to the diversity of C3-halgenated 4-quinolones at room temperature with high regioselectivity and good functional group tolerance, from which bioactive compounds can be easily constructed. Moreover, the current method featured eco-friendly, operational convenience and is suitable for halogenation in a gram scale of 4-quinolones in water without sacrificing yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- The
Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic
Micro-organism, College of Life Science, Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Colleges
of Science, Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Wenzhuo Zhao
- The
Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic
Micro-organism, College of Life Science, Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Yu
- The
Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic
Micro-organism, College of Life Science, Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengsen Yu
- The
Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic
Micro-organism, College of Life Science, Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Robidas R, Legault CY. Cyclic Haloiodanes: Syntheses, Applications and Fundamental Studies. Helv Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Robidas
- Department of Chemistry Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Québec J1K 2R1 Canada
| | - Claude Y. Legault
- Department of Chemistry Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Québec J1K 2R1 Canada
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18
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Lasso JD, Castillo-Pazos DJ, Li CJ. Green chemistry meets medicinal chemistry: a perspective on modern metal-free late-stage functionalization reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10955-10982. [PMID: 34382989 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00380a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The progress of drug discovery and development is paced by milestones reached in organic synthesis. In the last decade, the advent of late-stage functionalization (LSF) reactions has represented a valuable breakthrough. Recent literature has defined these reactions as the chemoselective modification of complex molecules by means of C-H functionalization or the manipulation of endogenous functional groups. Traditionally, these diversifications have been accomplished by organometallic means. However, the presence of metals carries disadvantages related to their cost, environmental hazard and health risks. Fundamentally, green chemistry directives can help minimize such hazards through the development of metal-free LSF methodologies. In this review, we expand the current discussion on metal-free LSF reactions by providing an overview of C(sp2)-H, and C(sp3)-H functionalizations, as well as the utilization of heteroatom-containing functional groups as chemical handles. Selected topics such as metal-free cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reactions, organocatalysis, electrochemistry and photochemistry are also discussed. By writing the first review on metal-free LSF methodologies, we aim to highlight current advances in the field with examples that reveal specific challenges and solutions, as well as future research opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Lasso
- Department of Chemistry, FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.
| | - Durbis J Castillo-Pazos
- Department of Chemistry, FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.
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19
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Beh MH, Smith CD, Robertson KN, Thompson A. Synthesis of sulfenyl dipyrroles via reaction of α-free pyrroles with thionyl chloride. CAN J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sulfenyl dipyrroles feature two pyrroles linked via a sulfenyl bridge. The synthesis of sulfenyl dipyrroles has typically involved SCl2 as the sulfur source. However, SCl2 is no longer readily available within North America and Europe. Herein we report a new synthesis of sulfenyl dipyrroles using SOCl2 as the sulfur source and reductant. Although five new sulfenyl dipyrroles were synthesized and isolated via this route, functional group tolerance proved limited. A potential mechanism for the reaction, involving reduction of a sulfinyl moiety by SOCl2, is briefly explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H.R. Beh
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Craig D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | | | - Alison Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
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20
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Maria Faisca Phillips A, Pombeiro AJL. Recent Developments in Enantioselective Organocatalytic Cascade Reactions for the Construction of Halogenated Ring Systems. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Faisca Phillips
- Centro de Química Estrutural Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Armando J. L. Pombeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
- Рeoples' Friendship University of Russia RUDN University) 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street Moscow 117198 Russian Federation
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21
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Wang W, Li X, Yang X, Ai L, Gong Z, Jiao N, Song S. Oxoammonium salts are catalysing efficient and selective halogenation of olefins, alkynes and aromatics. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3873. [PMID: 34162859 PMCID: PMC8222362 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24174-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophilic halogenation reactions have been a reliable approach to accessing organohalides. During the past decades, various catalytic systems have been developed for the activation of haleniums. However, there is still a short of effective catalysts, which could cover various halogenation reactions and broad scope of unsaturated compounds. Herein, TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine nitroxide) and its derivatives are disclosed as active catalysts for electrophilic halogenation of olefins, alkynes, and aromatics. These catalysts are stable, readily available, and reactive enough to activate haleniums including Br+, I+ and even Cl+ reagents. This catalytic system is applicable to various halogenations including haloarylation of olefins or dibromination of alkynes, which were rarely realized in previous Lewis base catalysis or Lewis acid catalysis. The high catalytic ability is attributed to a synergistic activation model of electrophilic halogenating reagents, where the carbonyl group and the halogen atom are both activated by present TEMPO catalysis. Organohalides are widely used as synthetic precursors and target products, but for various halogenation reactions there is a need for effective catalysts to activate commercially available haleniums. Here, the authors report that TEMPO and its derivatives are active catalysts for electrophilic halogenation of olefins, alkynes and aromatics, under mild reaction conditions and with good functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingsheng Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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22
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Abstract
AbstractChlorination has been used in the fields of organic solar cells (OSCs) for a long time, and impressive progress has been made over the years. Recently developed chlorinated OSCs have achieved an efficiency of over 18%. For better understanding and application of chlorination in the fields of OSCs, we will briefly introduce the general properties of chlorine and recent advances in its introduction and applications in OSCs in this cluster article. Finally, we also provide a short discussion of current questions regarding chlorination in OSCs and future developments in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology
| | - Hengtao Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology
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23
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Seo S, Gao M, Paffenholz E, Willis MC. Sequential Catalytic Functionalization of Aryltriazenyl Aldehydes for the Synthesis of Complex Benzenes. ACS Catal 2021; 11:6091-6098. [PMID: 34306807 PMCID: PMC8291607 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We demonstrate that
aryltriazenes can promote three distinctive
types of C–H functionalization reactions, allowing the preparation
of complex benzene molecules with diverse substitution patterns. 2-Triazenylbenzaldehydes
are shown to be efficient substrates for Rh(I)-catalyzed intermolecular
alkyne hydroacylation reactions. The resulting triazene-substituted
ketone products can then undergo either a Rh(III)-catalyzed C–H
activation, or an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, achieving
multifunctionalization of the benzene core. Subsequent triazene derivatization
provides traceless products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Paffenholz
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C. Willis
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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24
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Liu F, Wu N, Cheng X. Chlorination Reaction of Aromatic Compounds and Unsaturated Carbon-Carbon Bonds with Chlorine on Demand. Org Lett 2021; 23:3015-3020. [PMID: 33792338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chlorination with chlorine is straightforward, highly reactive, and versatile, but it has significant limitations. In this Letter, we introduce a protocol that could combine the efficiency of electrochemical transformation and the high reactivity of chlorine. By utilizing Cl3CCN as the chloride source, donating up to all three chloride atom, the reaction could generate and consume the chlorine in situ on demand to achieve the chlorination of aromatic compounds and electrodeficient alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Na Wu
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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25
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China H, Kageyama N, Yatabe H, Takenaga N, Dohi T. Practical Synthesis of 2-Iodosobenzoic Acid (IBA) without Contamination by Hazardous 2-Iodoxybenzoic Acid (IBX) under Mild Conditions. Molecules 2021; 26:1897. [PMID: 33801611 PMCID: PMC8036297 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a convenient and practical method for the preparation of nonexplosive cyclic hypervalent iodine(III) oxidants as efficient organocatalysts and reagents for various reactions using Oxone® in aqueous solution under mild conditions at room temperature. The thus obtained 2-iodosobenzoic acids (IBAs) could be used as precursors of other cyclic organoiodine(III) derivatives by the solvolytic derivatization of the hydroxy group under mild conditions of 80 °C or lower temperature. These sequential procedures are highly reliable to selectively afford cyclic hypervalent iodine compounds in excellent yields without contamination by hazardous pentavalent iodine(III) compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyasu China
- Department of Medical Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, 1266, Tamuracho Nagahama-shi, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (N.K.); (H.Y.)
| | - Nami Kageyama
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (N.K.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hotaka Yatabe
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (N.K.); (H.Y.)
| | - Naoko Takenaga
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan;
| | - Toshifumi Dohi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (N.K.); (H.Y.)
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26
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Stockhammer L, Schörgenhumer J, Mairhofer C, Waser M. Asymmetric α-Chlorination of β-Keto Esters Using Hypervalent Iodine-Based Cl-Transfer Reagents in Combination with Cinchona Alkaloid Catalysts. European J Org Chem 2021; 2021:82-86. [PMID: 33519300 PMCID: PMC7821243 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We herein report an unprecedented strategy for the asymmetric α-chlorination of β-keto esters with hypervalent iodine-based Cl-transfer reagents using simple Cinchona alkaloid catalysts. Our investigations support an α-chlorination mechanism where the Cinchona species serves as a nucleophilic catalyst by reacting with the chlorinating agent to generate a chiral electrophilic Cl-transfer reagent in situ. Using at least 20 mol-% of the alkaloid catalyst allows for good yields and enantioselectivities for a variety of different β-keto esters under operationally simple conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Stockhammer
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstr. 694040LinzAustria
| | - Johannes Schörgenhumer
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstr. 694040LinzAustria
| | - Christopher Mairhofer
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstr. 694040LinzAustria
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstr. 694040LinzAustria
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27
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Rocha-Ortiz JS, Insuasty A, Madrid-Usuga D, Mora-León AG, Ortiz A. Optical and electrochemical effects of triarylamine inclusion to alkoxy BODIPY-based derivatives. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02610k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three new triphenylamine-BODIPY dyads BDPT1–3 have been designed and synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan S. Rocha-Ortiz
- Grupo de Investigación de Compuestos Heterociclicos, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 No. 100-00, Edifice E20, No. 1009-4027, Cali, Colombia
| | - Alberto Insuasty
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Duvalier Madrid-Usuga
- Quantum Technologies, Information and Complexity Group—QuanTIC, Department of Physic, Universidad del Valle, 760032 Cali, Colombia
| | - Ana G. Mora-León
- Engineering and Environmental Management Research Group, School of Engineering, Universidad de Antioquia, 050010 Medellin, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Ortiz
- Grupo de Investigación de Compuestos Heterociclicos, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 No. 100-00, Edifice E20, No. 1009-4027, Cali, Colombia
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28
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Qu Z, Zhu H, Grimme S. Mechanistic Insights for Iodane Mediated Aromatic Halogenation Reactions. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng‐Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry University of Bonn Beringstr. 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Hui Zhu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry University of Bonn Beringstr. 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry University of Bonn Beringstr. 4 53115 Bonn Germany
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29
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Declas N, Pisella G, Waser J. Vinylbenziodoxol(on)es: Synthetic Methods and Applications. Helv Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202000191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Declas
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO Av. Forel 2 CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Pisella
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO Av. Forel 2 CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO Av. Forel 2 CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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30
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Levy JN, Alegre-Requena JV, Liu R, Paton RS, McNally A. Selective Halogenation of Pyridines Using Designed Phosphine Reagents. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11295-11305. [PMID: 32469220 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Halopyridines are key building blocks for synthesizing pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and ligands for metal complexes, but strategies to selectively halogenate pyridine C-H precursors are lacking. We designed a set of heterocyclic phosphines that are installed at the 4-position of pyridines as phosphonium salts and then displaced with halide nucleophiles. A broad range of unactivated pyridines can be halogenated, and the method is viable for late-stage halogenation of complex pharmaceuticals. Computational studies indicate that C-halogen bond formation occurs via an SNAr pathway, and phosphine elimination is the rate-determining step. Steric interactions during C-P bond cleavage account for differences in reactivity between 2- and 3-substituted pyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey N Levy
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Juan V Alegre-Requena
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Renrong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Robert S Paton
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Andrew McNally
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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31
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Rogers D, Hopkins MD, Rajagopal N, Varshney D, Howard HA, LeBlanc G, Lamar AA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration-Certified Food Dyes as Organocatalysts in the Visible Light-Promoted Chlorination of Aromatics and Heteroaromatics. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:7693-7704. [PMID: 32280913 PMCID: PMC7144131 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Seven FDA-certified food dyes have been investigated as organocatalysts. As a result, Fast Green FCF and Brilliant Blue FCF have been discovered as catalysts for the chlorination of a wide range of arenes and heteroarenes in moderate to excellent yields and high regioselectivity. Mechanistic investigations of the separate systems indicate that different modes of activation are in operation, with Fast Green FCF being a light-promoted photoredox catalyst that is facilitating a one-electron oxidation of N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) and Brilliant Blue FCF serving as a chlorine-transfer catalyst in its sulfonphthalein form with 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DCDMH) as stoichiometric chlorine source. Dearomatization of naphthol and indole substrates was observed in some examples using the Brilliant Blue/DCDMH system.
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32
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Rocha-Ortiz JS, Insuasty A, Insuasty B, Ortiz A. Evaluating the intramolecular charge transfer in novel meso-alkoxyphenyl and β-ethynylphenolic BODIPY derivatives. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.127774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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33
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Ji Y, Li H, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Wu Y. Sulfoxide‐Promoted Chlorination of Indoles and Electron‐Rich Arenes with Chlorine as Nucleophile. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan‐Zhao Ji
- School of Marine Science and TechnologyHarbin Institute of Technology Weihai 264209 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui‐Jing Li
- School of Marine Science and TechnologyHarbin Institute of Technology Weihai 264209 People's Republic of China
| | - Yi‐Ruo Wang
- Weihai NO.1 High School 75 Wenhuazhong Road Weihai 264200 People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng‐Yan Zhang
- School of Marine Science and TechnologyHarbin Institute of Technology Weihai 264209 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan‐Chao Wu
- School of Marine Science and TechnologyHarbin Institute of Technology Weihai 264209 People's Republic of China
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34
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Song S, Li X, Wei J, Wang W, Zhang Y, Ai L, Zhu Y, Shi X, Zhang X, Jiao N. DMSO-catalysed late-stage chlorination of (hetero)arenes. Nat Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-019-0398-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Willis NJ, Bayle ED, Papageorgiou G, Steadman D, Atkinson BN, Mahy W, Fish PV. An improved, scalable synthesis of Notum inhibitor LP-922056 using 1-chloro-1,2-benziodoxol-3-one as a superior electrophilic chlorinating agent. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2790-2797. [PMID: 31807213 PMCID: PMC6880826 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The carboxylesterase Notum has been shown to act as a key negative regulator of the Wnt signalling pathway by mediating the depalmitoleoylation of Wnt proteins. LP-922056 (1) is an orally active inhibitor of Notum. We are investigating the role of Notum in modulating Wnt signalling in the central nervous system and wished to establish if 1 would serve as a peripherally restricted control. An accessible and improved synthetic route would allow 1 to become more readily available as a chemical tool to explore the fundamental biology of Notum and build target validation to underpin new drug discovery programs. Results: An improved, scalable synthesis of 1 is reported. Key modifications include: (1) the introduction of the C7-cyclopropyl group was most effectively achieved with a Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction with MIDA-boronate 11 (5 → 6), and (2) C6 chlorination was performed with 1-chloro-1,2-benziodoxol-3-one (12) (6 → 7) as a mild and selective electrophilic chlorination agent. This 7-step route from 16 has been reliably performed on large scale to produce multigram quantities of 1 in good efficiency and high purity. Pharmacokinetic studies in mouse showed CNS penetration of 1 is very low with a brain/plasma concentration ratio of just 0.01. A small library of amides 17 were prepared from acid 1 to explore if 1 could be modified to deliver a CNS penetrant tool by capping off the acid as an amide. Although significant Notum inhibition activity could be achieved, none of these amides demonstrated the required combination of metabolic stability along with cell permeability without evidence of P-gp mediated efflux. Conclusion: Mouse pharmacokinetic studies demonstrate that 1 is unsuitable for use in models of disease where brain penetration is an essential requirement of the compound but would be an ideal peripherally restricted control. These data will contribute to the understanding of drug levels of 1 to overlay with appropriate in vivo efficacy endpoints, i.e., the PK-PD relationship. The identification of a suitable analogue of 1 (or 17) which combines Notum inhibition with CNS penetration would be a valuable chemical probe for investigating the role of Notum in disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky J Willis
- Alzheimer's Research UK UCL Drug Discovery Institute, The Cruciform Building, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Elliott D Bayle
- Alzheimer's Research UK UCL Drug Discovery Institute, The Cruciform Building, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.,The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, Kings Cross, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - George Papageorgiou
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, Kings Cross, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - David Steadman
- Alzheimer's Research UK UCL Drug Discovery Institute, The Cruciform Building, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Benjamin N Atkinson
- Alzheimer's Research UK UCL Drug Discovery Institute, The Cruciform Building, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - William Mahy
- Alzheimer's Research UK UCL Drug Discovery Institute, The Cruciform Building, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Paul V Fish
- Alzheimer's Research UK UCL Drug Discovery Institute, The Cruciform Building, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.,The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, Kings Cross, London NW1 1AT, UK
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36
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Chen J, Wang Z, She M, Liu M, Zhao Z, Chen X, Liu P, Zhang S, Li J. Precise Synthesis of GSH-Specific Fluorescent Probe for Hepatotoxicity Assessment Guided by Theoretical Calculation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:32605-32612. [PMID: 31423764 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is the main cause of acute liver injury, and its early diagnosis is indispensable in pharmacological and pathological studies. As a hepatotoxicity indicator, the GSH distribution in the liver could reflect the damage degree in situ. In this work, we have provided a theoretical design strategy to determine the generation of photo-induced electron transfer mechanism and achieve high selectivity for the target. After that, we precisely synthesized a novel near-infrared fluorescent probe BSR1 to specifically monitor endogenous GSH and hepatotoxicity in biosystem with a moderate fluorescent quantum yield (Φ = 0.394) and low detection limit (83 nM) under this strategy. Moreover, this mapping method for imaging GSH depletion in vivo to assay hepatotoxicity may provide a powerful molecular tool for early diagnosis of some diseases and contribute to assay hepatotoxicity for the development of new drugs. Importantly, this theoretical calculation-guided design strategy may provide an effective way for the precise synthesis of the target-specific fluorescent probe and change this research area from "trial-and-error" to concrete molecular engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province 710127 , P. R. China
| | - Zesi Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province 710127 , P. R. China
| | - Mengyao She
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province 710127 , P. R. China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, The College of Life Sciences , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province 710069 , P. R. China
| | - Mengdi Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province 710127 , P. R. China
| | - Zebin Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province 710127 , P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province 710127 , P. R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province 710127 , P. R. China
| | - Shengyong Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province 710127 , P. R. China
| | - Jianli Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province 710127 , P. R. China
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37
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Visible-light photocatalytic activation of N-chlorosuccinimide by organic dyes for the chlorination of arenes and heteroarenes. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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Jiang X, Yang L, Yang W, Zhu Y, Fang L, Yu C. Controllable synthesis of 3-chloro- and 3,3-dichloro-2-oxindoles via hypervalent iodine-mediated chlorooxidation. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6920-6924. [PMID: 31282524 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01173k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and controllable protocol for the synthesis of 3-chloro- and 3,3-dichloro-2-oxindoles has been developed via hypervalent iodine-promoted chlorooxidation. By using two equivalents of 1-chloro-1,2-benziodoxol-3-(1H)-one, a wide range of indoles were transformed into 3-chloro-2-oxindoles in DMF/CF3CO2H/H2O at room temperature with good yields. As far as we know, this is the first report on the selective C-2 oxidation and C-3 monochlorination of simple indoles. In addition, three equivalents of the same hypervalent iodine afforded 3,3-dichloro-2-oxindoles in up to 99% yields under optimized conditions (dioxane/H2O, 80 °C). The method features mild reaction conditions, the widespread availability of the substrates, and good functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China.
| | - Liechao Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China.
| | - Wenlong Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China.
| | - Yu Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China.
| | - Liyun Fang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China.
| | - Chuanming Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China.
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39
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Budhwan R, Yadav S, Murarka S. Late stage functionalization of heterocycles using hypervalent iodine(iii) reagents. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6326-6341. [PMID: 31215580 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00694j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Late stage functionalization (LSF) through direct X-H manipulations (X = C, N) enables synthetic chemists to accelerate the diversification of natural products, agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals allowing rapid access to novel bioactive molecules without resorting to arduous de novo synthesis. LSF does not only allow tapping of the hitherto unexplored chemical space but also renders the synthetic sequence more straightforward, atom economical and cost-effective. In this regard, the recent decade has witnessed the emergence of hypervalent iodine(iii) reagents as a powerful synthetic tool owing to their easy availability, mild reaction conditions, remarkable oxidizing properties and high functional group tolerance. Iodine(iii) reagents have tremendous applications in the regio- and chemo-selective late-stage functionalization of a diverse variety of heterocycles through an exciting range of transformations, such as oxidative amination, cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC), fluoroalkylation, azidation, halogenation and oxidation. The present review, classified according to the types of synthetic methods involved, encompasses all these recent developments in the field of transition-metal-free iodine(iii)-catalyzed/mediated direct functionalizations of heterocycles with representative examples and insightful mechanistic discussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Budhwan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH-65 Nagaur Road, Karwar - 342037, Jodhpur District, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Suman Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH-65 Nagaur Road, Karwar - 342037, Jodhpur District, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Sandip Murarka
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH-65 Nagaur Road, Karwar - 342037, Jodhpur District, Rajasthan, India.
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40
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Iodine(III)/AlX3-mediated electrophilic chlorination and bromination of arenes. Dual role of AlX3 (X = Cl, Br) for (PhIO)n depolymerization and as the halogen source. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Rogers DA, Bensalah AT, Espinosa AT, Hoerr JL, Refai FH, Pitzel AK, Alvarado JJ, Lamar AA. Amplification of Trichloroisocyanuric Acid (TCCA) Reactivity for Chlorination of Arenes and Heteroarenes via Catalytic Organic Dye Activation. Org Lett 2019; 21:4229-4233. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Rogers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
| | - Adam T. Bensalah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
| | - Alvaro Tomas Espinosa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
| | - John L. Hoerr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
| | - Fares H. Refai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
| | - Amy K. Pitzel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
| | - Juan J. Alvarado
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
| | - Angus A. Lamar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
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42
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Granados A, Jia Z, del Olmo M, Vallribera A. In situ Generation of Hypervalent Iodine Reagents for the Electrophilic Chlorination of Arenes. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Granados
- Department of Chemistry and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Zhiyu Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Marc del Olmo
- Department of Chemistry and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Adelina Vallribera
- Department of Chemistry and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
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43
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Jia Y, Chen L, Zhang H, Zheng Y, Jiang ZX, Yang Z. Electrophilic chloro(ω-alkoxy)lation of alkenes employing 1-chloro-1,2-benziodoxol-3-one: facile synthesis of β-chloroethers. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:7203-7213. [PMID: 30255191 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01634h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A four-component reaction for electrophilic chloro(ω-alkoxy)lation of alkenes has been described. The stable chloro-iodine(iii) reagent and SOCl2 were used as electrophilic and nucleophilic chlorine sources, respectively. This approach provides a straightforward way to synthesize various useful β-chloro ω-chloroalkyl ethers from a wide range of alkenes, including electron-deficient, aromatic and unactivated alkenes. The synthetic applications of this approach were also explored in some useful transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Jia
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China.
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44
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Fosu SC, Hambira CM, Chen AD, Fuchs JR, Nagib DA. Site-Selective C-H Functionalization of (Hetero)Arenes via Transient, Non-Symmetric Iodanes. Chem 2018; 5:417-428. [PMID: 31032461 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A strategy for C-H functionalization of arenes and heteroarenes has been developed to allow site-selective incorporation of various anions, including Cl, Br, OMs, OTs, and OTf. This approach is enabled by in situ generation of reactive, non-symmetric iodanes by combining anions and bench-stable PhI(OAc)2. The utility of this mechanism is demonstrated via para-selective chlorination of medicinally relevant arenes, as well as site-selective C-H chlorination of heteroarenes. Spectroscopic, computational, and competition experiments describe the unique nature, reactivity, and selectivity of these transient, unsymmetrical iodanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy C Fosu
- The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Chido M Hambira
- The Ohio State University, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Andrew D Chen
- The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - James R Fuchs
- The Ohio State University, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - David A Nagib
- The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.,Lead contact
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45
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Vlasenko YA, Postnikov PS, Trusova ME, Shafir A, Zhdankin VV, Yoshimura A, Yusubov MS. Synthesis of Five-Membered Iodine–Nitrogen Heterocycles from Benzimidazole-Based Iodonium Salts. J Org Chem 2018; 83:12056-12070. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pavel S. Postnikov
- The Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Alexandr Shafir
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Tarragona, Spain
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC−CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Viktor V. Zhdankin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Akira Yoshimura
- The Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
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46
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Gayathri T, Karnewar S, Kotamraju S, Singh SP. High Affinity Neutral Bodipy Fluorophores for Mitochondrial Tracking. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:618-622. [PMID: 30034589 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first high affinity neutral Bodipy fluorophores for selective imaging of mitochondria with notable sensitivity (∼100 nM) and insignificant cytotoxicity even at very high concentration (∼100 μM), when tested against HeLa cells. Further, these fluorophores are chemically robust and require no special conditions for storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thumuganti Gayathri
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Santosh Karnewar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Srigiridhar Kotamraju
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Surya Prakash Singh
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
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47
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Yoshimura A, Shea MT, Makitalo CL, Jarvi ME, Rohde GT, Saito A, Yusubov MS, Zhdankin VV. Preparation, structure, and reactivity of bicyclic benziodazole: a new hypervalent iodine heterocycle. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:1016-1020. [PMID: 29977373 PMCID: PMC6009394 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A new bicyclic organohypervalent iodine heterocycle derivative of benziodazole was prepared by oxidation of 2-iodo-N,N’-diisopropylisophthalamide with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid under mild conditions. Single crystal X-ray crystallography of this compound revealed a five-membered bis-heterocyclic structure with two covalent bonds between the iodine atom and the nitrogen atoms. This novel benziodazole is a very stable compound with good solubility in common organic solvents. This compound can be used as an efficient reagent for oxidatively assisted coupling of carboxylic acids with alcohols or amines to afford the corresponding esters or amides in moderate yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yoshimura
- The Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Michael T Shea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Cody L Makitalo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Melissa E Jarvi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | | | - Akio Saito
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | | | - Viktor V Zhdankin
- The Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
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48
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Zhao Z, Murphy GK. Chlorination of phenylallene derivatives with 1-chloro-1,2-benziodoxol-3-one: synthesis of vicinal-dichlorides and chlorodienes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:796-802. [PMID: 29719576 PMCID: PMC5905278 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Allyl and vinyl chlorides represent important structural motifs in organic chemistry. Herein is described the chemoselective and regioselective reaction of aryl- and α-substituted phenylallenes with the hypervalent iodine (HVI) reagent 1-chloro-1,2-benziodoxol-3-one. The reaction typically results in vicinal dichlorides, except with proton-containing α-alkyl substituents, which instead give chlorinated dienes as the major product. Experimental evidence suggests that a radical mechanism is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhensheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, N2L3G1, ON, Canada
| | - Graham K Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, N2L3G1, ON, Canada
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49
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Gayathri T, Vijayalakshmi A, Mangalath S, Joseph J, Rao NM, Singh SP. Study on Liposomal Encapsulation of New Bodipy Sensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:323-327. [PMID: 29670694 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a series of four efficient photosensitizers (PSs) based on a Bodipy core for photodynamic therapy (PDT). In the absence of hydrophilic functional groups, these PSs have been encapsulated in liposomes and examined for photocytotoxicity against human ovarian carcinoma cell line (SK-OV-3). The IC50 values obtained are as low as 0.350 μM, which compete with the classical photosensitizer chlorine E6 (IC50 = 0.39 μM) under similar experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thumuganti Gayathri
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Uttar Pradesh-201002, India
| | - A. Vijayalakshmi
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Sreejith Mangalath
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India
| | - Joshy Joseph
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India
| | | | - Surya Prakash Singh
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Uttar Pradesh-201002, India
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50
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Jiang X, Zheng C, Lei L, Lin K, Yu C. Synthesis of 2-Oxindoles from Substituted Indoles by Hypervalent-Iodine Oxidation. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Cong Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Lijun Lei
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Kai Lin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Chuanming Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
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