1
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Bastick KAC, Roberts DD, Watson AJB. The current utility and future potential of multiborylated alkanes. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:741-761. [PMID: 39327469 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00650-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Organoboron chemistry has become a cornerstone of modern synthetic methodology. Most of these reactions use an organoboron starting material that contains just one C(sp2)-B or C(sp3)-B bond; however, there has been a recent and accelerating trend to prepare multiborylated alkanes that possess two or more C(sp3)-B bonds. This is despite a lack of general reactivity, meaning many of these compounds currently offer limited downstream synthetic value. This Review summarizes recent advances in the exploration of multiborylated alkanes, including a discussion on how these products may be elaborated in further synthetic manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kane A C Bastick
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, UK
| | - Dean D Roberts
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, UK
| | - Allan J B Watson
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, UK.
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2
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Hou SY, Yan BC, Sun HD, Puno PT. Recent advances in the application of [2 + 2] cycloaddition in the chemical synthesis of cyclobutane-containing natural products. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2024; 14:37. [PMID: 38861197 PMCID: PMC11166626 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-024-00457-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Cyclobutanes are distributed widely in a large class of natural products featuring diverse pharmaceutical activities and intricate structural frameworks. The [2 + 2] cycloaddition is unequivocally the primary and most commonly used method for synthesizing cyclobutanes. In this review, we have summarized the application of the [2 + 2] cycloaddition with different reaction mechanisms in the chemical synthesis of selected cyclobutane-containing natural products over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Chao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Dong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Pema-Tenzin Puno
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Cauley AN, Ramirez A, Barhate CL, Donnell AF, Khandelwal P, Sezen-Edmonds M, Sherwood TC, Sloane JL, Cavallaro CL, Simmons EM. Ni/Photoredox-Catalyzed C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) Cross-Coupling of Alkyl Pinacolboronates and (Hetero)Aryl Bromides. Org Lett 2022; 24:5663-5668. [PMID: 35920644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Utilizing quinoline as a mild, catalytic additive, broadly applicable conditions for the Ni/photoredox-catalyzed C(sp2)-C(sp3) cross-coupling of (hetero)aryl bromides and alkyl pinacolboronate esters were developed, which can be applied to both batch and flow reactions. In addition to primary benzylic nucleophiles, both stabilized and nonstabilized secondary alkyl boronic esters are effective coupling partners. Density functional theory calculations suggest that alkyl radical generation occurs from an alkyl-B(pin)-quinoline complex, which may proceed via an energy transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony N Cauley
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States.,Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Antonio Ramirez
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Chandan L Barhate
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Andrew F Donnell
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Purnima Khandelwal
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Melda Sezen-Edmonds
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Trevor C Sherwood
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Jack L Sloane
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Cullen L Cavallaro
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Eric M Simmons
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
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4
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Xiao J, Montgomery J. Nickel-Catalyzed Defluorinative Coupling of Aliphatic Aldehydes with Trifluoromethyl Alkenes. ACS Catal 2022; 12:2463-2471. [PMID: 35992737 PMCID: PMC9390876 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A simple procedure is reported for the nickel-catalyzed defluorinative alkylation of unactivated aliphatic aldehydes. The process involves the catalytic reductive union of trifluoromethyl alkenes with aldehydes using a nickel complex of a 6,6'-disubstituted bipyridine ligand with zinc metal as the terminal reductant. The protocol is distinguished by its broad substrate scope, mild conditions, and simple catalytic setup. Reaction outcomes are consistent with the intermediacy of an α-silyloxy(alkyl)nickel intermediate generated by a low-valent nickel catalyst, silyl electrophile, and the aldehyde substrate. Mechanistic findings with cyclopropanecarboxaldehyde provide insights into nature of the reactive intermediates and illustrate fundamental reactivity differences that are governed by subtle changes in ligand and substrate structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Montgomery
- Corresponding authors: John Montgomery - Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave. Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA,
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5
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Tay NES, Lehnherr D, Rovis T. Photons or Electrons? A Critical Comparison of Electrochemistry and Photoredox Catalysis for Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2487-2649. [PMID: 34751568 PMCID: PMC10021920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Redox processes are at the heart of synthetic methods that rely on either electrochemistry or photoredox catalysis, but how do electrochemistry and photoredox catalysis compare? Both approaches provide access to high energy intermediates (e.g., radicals) that enable bond formations not constrained by the rules of ionic or 2 electron (e) mechanisms. Instead, they enable 1e mechanisms capable of bypassing electronic or steric limitations and protecting group requirements, thus enabling synthetic chemists to disconnect molecules in new and different ways. However, while providing access to similar intermediates, electrochemistry and photoredox catalysis differ in several physical chemistry principles. Understanding those differences can be key to designing new transformations and forging new bond disconnections. This review aims to highlight these differences and similarities between electrochemistry and photoredox catalysis by comparing their underlying physical chemistry principles and describing their impact on electrochemical and photochemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E. S. Tay
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, United States
| | - Dan Lehnherr
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, United States
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6
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Chan AY, Perry IB, Bissonnette NB, Buksh BF, Edwards GA, Frye LI, Garry OL, Lavagnino MN, Li BX, Liang Y, Mao E, Millet A, Oakley JV, Reed NL, Sakai HA, Seath CP, MacMillan DWC. Metallaphotoredox: The Merger of Photoredox and Transition Metal Catalysis. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1485-1542. [PMID: 34793128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 514] [Impact Index Per Article: 171.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The merger of photoredox catalysis with transition metal catalysis, termed metallaphotoredox catalysis, has become a mainstay in synthetic methodology over the past decade. Metallaphotoredox catalysis has combined the unparalleled capacity of transition metal catalysis for bond formation with the broad utility of photoinduced electron- and energy-transfer processes. Photocatalytic substrate activation has allowed the engagement of simple starting materials in metal-mediated bond-forming processes. Moreover, electron or energy transfer directly with key organometallic intermediates has provided novel activation modes entirely complementary to traditional catalytic platforms. This Review details and contextualizes the advancements in molecule construction brought forth by metallaphotocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Y Chan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Ian B Perry
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Noah B Bissonnette
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Benito F Buksh
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Grant A Edwards
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Lucas I Frye
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Olivia L Garry
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Marissa N Lavagnino
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Beryl X Li
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Yufan Liang
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Edna Mao
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Agustin Millet
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - James V Oakley
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nicholas L Reed
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Holt A Sakai
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Ciaran P Seath
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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7
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Abstract
The increasing importance of visible light photoredox catalysis as a powerful strategy
for the activation of small molecules require the development of new effective radical
sources and photocatalysts. The unique properties of organoboron compounds have contributed
significantly to the rapid progress of photocatalysis. Since the first work on the topic in
2005, many researchers have appreciated the role of boron-containing compounds in photocatalysis,
and this is reflected in several publications. In this review, we highlight the utility of
organoboron compounds in various photocatalytic reactions enabling the construction of carbon-
carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. The dual role of organoboron compounds in photocatalysis
is highlighted by their applications as reactants and as well as organic photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kliś
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Kublicki
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Suga T, Nakamura M, Takada R, Ukaji Y. Conjugate Addition of Acetal-Derived Benzyl Radicals Generated from Low-Valent Titanium-Mediated C–O Bond Cleavage. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Suga
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nakamura
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Ryusei Takada
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ukaji
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
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9
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Guo R, Beattie SR, Krysan DJ, Brown MK. Enantioselective Synthesis of (+)-Hippolide J and Reevaluation of Antifungal Activity. Org Lett 2020; 22:7743-7746. [PMID: 32969231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A synthesis of the reported antifungal agent (+)-hippolide J is presented. The rapid assembly of the natural product was enabled through implementation of an enantioselective isomerization/[2 + 2]-cycloaddition sequence. Due to the simplicity of the route, >100 mg of the natural product were prepared in a single pass. Anitfungal assays of hippolide J, however, confirmed that it showed no activity against several fungal strains, contrary to the isolation report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyu Guo
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Sarah R Beattie
- University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology/Immunology, 200 South Grand Avenue, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Damian J Krysan
- University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology/Immunology, 200 South Grand Avenue, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - M Kevin Brown
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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10
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Sato Y, Miyamoto Y, Sumida Y, Hosoya T, Ohmiya H. Boracene-based alkylborate enabled Ni/Ir hybrid catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6598-6601. [PMID: 32812987 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01610a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Boracene-based alkylborate enabled visible light-mediated metallaphotoredox catalysis. The directly excited borate was easily oxidatively quenched by an excited Ir photoredox catalyst. Ni/Ir hybrid catalysis afforded the products under significantly low irradiance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiya Sato
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
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11
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Zhu F, Walczak MA. Stereochemistry of Transition Metal Complexes Controlled by the Metallo-Anomeric Effect. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15127-15136. [PMID: 32786781 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of stereoelectronic interactions to control reactivity and selectivity has a long history in chemistry. The anomeric effect, one of the fundamental concepts in organic chemistry, describes the preferences of a substituent at the anomeric carbon in glycosides to adopt axial configuration when the anomeric group is an electronegative element such as oxygen or a halogen. The origin of the anomeric effect has been the subject of intense debate. Explanations capitalizing on either the delocalization of the endocyclic oxygen lone pair into the antibonding σ*(C-X) orbital or the minimization of the dipole-dipole interactions are currently the two leading theoretical models. Although the majority of experimental and theoretical studies have focused on the elements from groups 6 and 7, little is known about conformational preferences of tetrahydropyran rings substituted with a transition metal at the anomeric carbon and the role of these interactions in stereoselective synthesis. Here, we report studies on conformational and configurational preferences of organometallic complexes stabilized by vicinal heteroatoms. We provide computational evidence that late transition metals adopt the axial position in heterocycles or synclinal geometry in acyclic systems. Furthermore, the anomeric preferences of late transition metals correlate with the oxidation state of the metal and can be explained by hyperconjugative interactions between endocyclic heteroatom and the σ* acceptor orbitals of the C-M bond. In a broader context, this discovery provides insight into the role of previously unanticipated stereoelectronic effects that can be harnessed in the design of stereoselective reactions, including chemical glycosylation and enantioselective catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Maciej A Walczak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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12
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Zhu C, Yue H, Chu L, Rueping M. Recent advances in photoredox and nickel dual-catalyzed cascade reactions: pushing the boundaries of complexity. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4051-4064. [PMID: 32864080 PMCID: PMC7424772 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00712a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cascade reactions that produce multiple chemical bonds in one synthetic operation are important in the efficient construction of complex molecules. In addition, photoredox and nickel dual catalysis opens a new and powerful avenue for transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. By combining these two concepts, photoredox and nickel dual-catalyzed cascade reactions have been recently established, and they provide an efficient and mild method for accessing a series of valuable organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- KAUST Catalysis Center , KCC , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , KAUST , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia .
| | - Huifeng Yue
- KAUST Catalysis Center , KCC , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , KAUST , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia .
| | - Lingling Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials , Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials , College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China .
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center , KCC , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , KAUST , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia .
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13
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Recent Advances in Metal-Catalyzed Alkyl–Boron (C(sp3)–C(sp2)) Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Couplings. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10030296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Boron chemistry has evolved to become one of the most diverse and applied fields in organic synthesis and catalysis. Various valuable reactions such as hydroborylations and Suzuki–Miyaura cross-couplings (SMCs) are now considered as indispensable methods in the synthetic toolbox of researchers in academia and industry. The development of novel sterically- and electronically-demanding C(sp3)–Boron reagents and their subsequent metal-catalyzed cross-couplings attracts strong attention and serves in turn to expedite the wheel of innovative applications of otherwise challenging organic adducts in different fields. This review describes the significant progress in the utilization of classical and novel C(sp3)–B reagents (9-BBN and 9-MeO-9-BBN, trifluoroboronates, alkylboranes, alkylboronic acids, MIDA, etc.) as coupling partners in challenging metal-catalyzed C(sp3)–C(sp2) cross-coupling reactions, such as B-alkyl SMCs after 2001.
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14
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De Abreu M, Belmont P, Brachet E. Synergistic Photoredox/Transition-Metal Catalysis for Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation Reactions. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime De Abreu
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris; Université de Paris; Team P.N.A.S, UMR-CNRS 8038 CiTCoM; 4 avenue de l'Observatoire 75006 Paris France
| | - Philippe Belmont
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris; Université de Paris; Team P.N.A.S, UMR-CNRS 8038 CiTCoM; 4 avenue de l'Observatoire 75006 Paris France
| | - Etienne Brachet
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris; Université de Paris; Team P.N.A.S, UMR-CNRS 8038 CiTCoM; 4 avenue de l'Observatoire 75006 Paris France
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15
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Milligan JA, Phelan JP, Badir SO, Molander GA. Alkyl Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation by Nickel/Photoredox Cross-Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6152-6163. [PMID: 30291664 PMCID: PMC6551614 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The union of photoredox and nickel catalysis has resulted in a renaissance in radical chemistry as well as in the use of nickel-catalyzed transformations, specifically for carbon-carbon bond formation. Collectively, these advances address the longstanding challenge of late-stage cross-coupling of functionalized alkyl fragments. Empowered by the notion that photocatalytically generated alkyl radicals readily undergo capture by Ni complexes, wholly new feedstocks for cross-coupling have been realized. Herein, we highlight recent developments in several types of alkyl cross-couplings that are accessible exclusively through this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Milligan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - James P Phelan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Shorouk O Badir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Gary A Molander
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
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16
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Milligan JA, Phelan JP, Badir SO, Molander GA. Alkyl‐C‐C‐Bindungsbildung durch Nickel/Photoredox‐Kreuzkupplung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John A. Milligan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of PennsylvaniaRoy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories 231 S. 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104-6323 USA
| | - James P. Phelan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of PennsylvaniaRoy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories 231 S. 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104-6323 USA
| | - Shorouk O. Badir
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of PennsylvaniaRoy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories 231 S. 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104-6323 USA
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of PennsylvaniaRoy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories 231 S. 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104-6323 USA
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17
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Takeda M, Yabushita K, Yasuda S, Ohmiya H. Synergistic palladium/copper-catalyzed Csp 3-Csp 2 cross-couplings using aldehydes as latent α-alkoxyalkyl anion equivalents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6776-6779. [PMID: 29450439 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01055b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The first Csp3-Csp2 cross-coupling using aldehydes as latent α-alkoxyalkyl anion equivalents has been achieved. The synergistic palladium/copper-catalyzed reaction of aromatic aldehydes and aryl bromides with a silylboronate afforded the three-component coupling products, silyl-protected benzhydrol derivatives. The reaction pathway involves the catalytic formation of a nucleophilic α-silyloxybenzylcopper(i) species followed by its palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling with aryl bromides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutaka Takeda
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
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18
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Liu T, Li Y, Lai L, Cheng J, Sun J, Wu J. Photocatalytic Reaction of Potassium Alkyltrifluoroborates and Sulfur Dioxide with Alkenes. Org Lett 2018; 20:3605-3608. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuewen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lifang Lai
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jiang Cheng
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jiangtao Sun
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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19
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Xue F, Wang F, Liu J, Di J, Liao Q, Lu H, Zhu M, He L, He H, Zhang D, Song H, Liu XY, Qin Y. A Desulfurative Strategy for the Generation of Alkyl Radicals Enabled by Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6667-6671. [PMID: 29671934 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a new desulfurative method for generating primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl radicals through visible-light photoredox catalysis. A process that involves the generation of N-centered radicals from sulfinamide intermediates, followed by subsequent fragmentation, is critical to forming the corresponding alkyl radical species. This strategy has been successfully applied to conjugate addition reactions that features mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope (>60 examples), and good functional-group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule Drugs, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Falu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule Drugs, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jiazhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule Drugs, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jiamei Di
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule Drugs, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Qi Liao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule Drugs, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Huifang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule Drugs, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule Drugs, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Liping He
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule Drugs, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Huan He
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule Drugs, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule Drugs, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Hao Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule Drugs, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule Drugs, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule Drugs, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
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20
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Xue F, Wang F, Liu J, Di J, Liao Q, Lu H, Zhu M, He L, He H, Zhang D, Song H, Liu X, Qin Y. A Desulfurative Strategy for the Generation of Alkyl Radicals Enabled by Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of EducationSichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule DrugsWest China School of PharmacySichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Falu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of EducationSichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule DrugsWest China School of PharmacySichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Jiazhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of EducationSichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule DrugsWest China School of PharmacySichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Jiamei Di
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of EducationSichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule DrugsWest China School of PharmacySichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Qi Liao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of EducationSichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule DrugsWest China School of PharmacySichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Huifang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of EducationSichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule DrugsWest China School of PharmacySichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Min Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of EducationSichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule DrugsWest China School of PharmacySichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Liping He
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of EducationSichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule DrugsWest China School of PharmacySichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Huan He
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of EducationSichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule DrugsWest China School of PharmacySichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of EducationSichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule DrugsWest China School of PharmacySichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Hao Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of EducationSichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule DrugsWest China School of PharmacySichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of EducationSichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule DrugsWest China School of PharmacySichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Yong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of EducationSichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule DrugsWest China School of PharmacySichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
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21
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Organic synthesis provides opportunities to transform drug discovery. Nat Chem 2018; 10:383-394. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 650] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Qiu G, Lai L, Cheng J, Wu J. Recent advances in the sulfonylation of alkenes with the insertion of sulfur dioxide via radical reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10405-10414. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05847d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the sulfonylation of alkenes via the insertion of sulfur dioxide are summarized. Two strategies for the sulfonylation of alkenes with the insertion of sulfur dioxide have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyinsheng Qiu
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering
- Jiaxing University
- Jiaxing 314001
- China
| | - Lifang Lai
- School of Petrochemical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- China
| | - Jiang Cheng
- School of Petrochemical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University (Jiangwan Campus)
- Shanghai 200438
- China
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23
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Di J, He H, Wang F, Xue F, Liu XY, Qin Y. Regiospecific alkyl addition of (hetero)arene-fused thiophenes enabled by a visible-light-mediated photocatalytic desulfuration approach. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:4692-4695. [PMID: 29676430 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02052c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A unique photoredox desulfuration approach enabling the regiospecific alkyl addition of (hetero)arene-fused thiophenes is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Di
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education
- and Sichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule Drugs
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
| | - Huan He
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education
- and Sichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule Drugs
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
| | - Falu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education
- and Sichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule Drugs
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
| | - Fei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education
- and Sichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule Drugs
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education
- and Sichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule Drugs
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
| | - Yong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education
- and Sichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule Drugs
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
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24
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Alam R, Molander GA. Direct Synthesis of Secondary Benzylic Alcohols Enabled by Photoredox/Ni Dual-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling. J Org Chem 2017; 82:13728-13734. [PMID: 29172494 PMCID: PMC5732067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An operationally simple, mild, redox-neutral method for the cross-coupling of α-hydroxyalkyltrifluoroborates is reported. Utilizing an Ir photocatalyst, α-hydroxyalkyl radicals are generated from the single-electron oxidation of the trifluoroborates, and these radicals are subsequently engaged in a nickel-catalyzed C-C bond-forming reaction with aryl halides. The process is highly selective, functional group tolerant, and step economical, which allows the direct synthesis of secondary benzylic alcohol motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rauful Alam
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
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25
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Vara BA, Patel NR, Molander GA. O-Benzyl Xanthate Esters under Ni/Photoredox Dual Catalysis: Selective Radical Generation and Csp 3-Csp 2 Cross-Coupling. ACS Catal 2017; 7:3955-3959. [PMID: 28603657 PMCID: PMC5460664 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alkyl xanthate esters are perhaps best known for their use in deoxygenation chemistry. However, their use in cross-coupling chemistry has not been productive, which is due, in part, to inadequate xanthate activation strategies. Herein, we report the use of O-benzyl xanthate esters, readily derived from alcohols, as radical pronucleophiles in Csp3-Csp2 cross-couplings under Ni/photoredox dual catalysis. Xanthate (C-O) cleavage is found to be reliant on photogenerated (sec-butyl) radical activators to form new carbon-centered radicals primed for nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings. Mechanistic experiments support the fact that the key radical components are formed independently, and relative rates are carefully orchestrated, such that no cross reactivity is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon A. Vara
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Niki R. Patel
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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26
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Matsui JK, Primer DN, Molander GA. Metal-free C-H alkylation of heteroarenes with alkyltrifluoroborates: a general protocol for 1°, 2° and 3° alkylation. Chem Sci 2017; 8:3512-3522. [PMID: 28507725 PMCID: PMC5418733 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00283a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A photoredox-catalyzed C-H functionalization of heteroarenes using a variety of primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyltrifluoroborates is reported. Using Fukuzumi's organophotocatalyst and a mild oxidant, conditions amenable for functionalizing complex heteroaromatics are described, providing a valuable tool for late-stage derivatization. The reported method addresses the three major limitations of previously reported photoredox-mediated Minisci reactions: (1) use of superstoichiometric amounts of a radical precursor, (2) capricious regioselectivity, and (3) incorporation of expensive photocatalysts. Additionally, a number of unprecedented, complex alkyl radicals are used, thereby increasing the chemical space accessible to Minisci chemistry. To showcase the application in late-stage functionalization, quinine and camptothecin analogues were synthesized. Finally, NMR studies were conducted to provide a rationalization for the heteroaryl activation that permits the use of a single equivalent of radical precursor and also leads to enhanced regioselectivity. Thus, by 1H and 13C NMR a distinct heteroaryl species was observed in the presence of acid catalyst and BF3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Matsui
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 S. 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , USA .
| | - David N Primer
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 S. 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , USA .
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 S. 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , USA .
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27
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Matsui JK, Lang SB, Heitz DR, Molander GA. Photoredox-Mediated Routes to Radicals: The Value of Catalytic Radical Generation in Synthetic Methods Development. ACS Catal 2017; 7:2563-2575. [PMID: 28413692 PMCID: PMC5388068 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis has experienced a revitalized interest from the synthesis community during the past decade. For example, photoredox/Ni dual catalysis protocols have been developed to overcome several inherent limitations of palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings by invoking a single-electron transmetalation pathway. This Perspective highlights advances made by our laboratory since the inception of the photoredox/Ni cross-coupling of benzyltrifluoroborates with aryl bromides. In addition to broadening the scope of trifluoroborate coupling partners, research using readily oxidized hypervalent silicates as radical precursors that demonstrate functional group compatibility is highlighted. The pursuit of electrophilic coupling partners beyond (hetero)aryl bromides has also led to the incorporation of several new classes of C(sp2)-hybridized substrates into light-mediated cross-coupling. Advances to expand the radical toolbox by utilizing feedstock chemicals (e.g., aldehydes) to access radicals that were previously inaccessible from trifluoroborates and silicates are also emphasized. Additionally, several organic photocatalysts have been investigated as replacements for their expensive iridium- and ruthenium-based counterparts. Lastly, the net C-H functionalization of the radical partner in an effort to improve atom economy is presented. An underlying theme in all of these studies is the value of generating radicals in a catalytic manner, rather than stoichiometrically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K. Matsui
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Simon B. Lang
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Drew R. Heitz
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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28
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Matsui JK, Molander GA. Organocatalyzed, Photoredox Heteroarylation of 2-Trifluoroboratochromanones via C-H Functionalization. Org Lett 2017; 19:950-953. [PMID: 28157320 PMCID: PMC5321137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Heteroarylation
via C–H functionalization has been synthetically
challenging, but such transformations represent an atom-economical
and highly convergent route toward complex molecules. Reported herein
is a photoredox-catalyzed coupling between 2-trifluoroborato-4-chromanones
and various heteroarenes through a Minisci pathway. Mesitylacridinium
perchlorate, an organic photocatalyst, proved to be a better photocatalyst
than transition-metal counterparts for such transformations. To highlight
the utility of this approach, a library of unprecedented heteroaryl-substituted
chromanones was generated that was composed of numerous, specifically
substituted molecules containing a broad range of functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Matsui
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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29
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Matsui JK, Molander GA. Direct α-Arylation/Heteroarylation of 2-Trifluoroboratochromanones via Photoredox/Nickel Dual Catalysis. Org Lett 2017; 19:436-439. [PMID: 28078893 PMCID: PMC5295361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Utilizing
photoredox/nickel dual catalysis, diverse flavanones
have been synthesized by coupling novel 2-trifluoroboratochromanone
building blocks with aryl and heteroaryl bromide partners. The newly
reported trifluoroboratochromanones can be easily accessed
from the corresponding chromones on multigram scale. This represents
a general route for accessing natural and unnatural flavanones that
were previously formed through a synthetically more restrictive ring
closure route from chalcone precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Matsui
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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30
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Lorion MM, Maindan K, Kapdi AR, Ackermann L. Heteromultimetallic catalysis for sustainable organic syntheses. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:7399-7420. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00787b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fully complementary bimetallic catalysis has been identified as an increasingly powerful tool for molecular transformations, which was largely inspired by early examples of sequential catalytic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie M. Lorion
- Institut fur Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie
- Georg-August-Universität
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Karan Maindan
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai-400019
- India
| | - Anant R. Kapdi
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai-400019
- India
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut fur Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie
- Georg-August-Universität
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
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31
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Gutiérrez-Bonet Á, Tellis JC, Matsui JK, Vara BA, Molander GA. 1,4-Dihydropyridines as Alkyl Radical Precursors: Introducing the Aldehyde Feedstock to Nickel/Photoredox Dual Catalysis. ACS Catal 2016; 6:8004-8008. [PMID: 27990318 PMCID: PMC5152669 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A Ni/photoredox dual catalytic cross-coupling
is disclosed in which
a diverse range of (hetero)aryl bromides are used as electrophiles,
with 1,4-dihydropyridines serving as precursors to Csp3-centered alkyl radical coupling partners. The reported method
is characterized by its extremely mild reaction conditions, enabling
access to underexplored cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Gutiérrez-Bonet
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - John C. Tellis
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Jennifer K. Matsui
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Brandon A. Vara
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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32
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Fan L, Jia J, Hou H, Lefebvre Q, Rueping M. Decarboxylative Aminomethylation of Aryl- and Vinylsulfonates through Combined Nickel- and Photoredox-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling. Chemistry 2016; 22:16437-16440. [PMID: 27661773 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A mild approach for the decarboxylative aminomethylation of aryl sulfonates by the combination of photoredox and nickel catalysis through C-O bond cleavage is described for the first time. A wide range of aryl triflates as well as aryl mesylates, tosylates and alkenyl triflates afford the corresponding products in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Fan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jiaqi Jia
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hong Hou
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Quentin Lefebvre
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Magnus Rueping
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany. , .,King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia. ,
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33
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Tóth BL, Tischler O, Novák Z. Recent advances in dual transition metal–visible light photoredox catalysis. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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34
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El Achi N, Penhoat M, Bakkour Y, Rolando C, Chausset-Boissarie L. Continuous UV-Flow Microsystem for Efficient Radical Generation from Organotrifluoroborates by Photoredox Catalysis. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nassim El Achi
- Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse; l'Analyse et la Protéomique (MSAP); USR CNRS 3290; Université de Lille 1; 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | - Maël Penhoat
- Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse; l'Analyse et la Protéomique (MSAP); USR CNRS 3290; Université de Lille 1; 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | - Youssef Bakkour
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science III; Lebanese University; P. O. Box 826 Tripoli Lebanon
| | - Christian Rolando
- Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse; l'Analyse et la Protéomique (MSAP); USR CNRS 3290; Université de Lille 1; 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | - Laëtitia Chausset-Boissarie
- Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse; l'Analyse et la Protéomique (MSAP); USR CNRS 3290; Université de Lille 1; 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq France
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