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Young E, Durham P, Perkowski E, Malik S, Hickey A, Braunstein M. Efficacy of inhaled CPZEN-45 in treating tuberculosis in the Guinea pig. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2022; 135:102207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kumar A, Karkara BB, Panda G. Novel candidates in the clinical development pipeline for TB drug development and their Synthetic Approaches. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 98:787-827. [PMID: 34397161 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world. Mtb has the ability to become dormant within the host and to develop resistance. Hence, new antitubercular agents are required to overcome problems in the treatment of multidrug resistant-Tb (MDR-Tb) and extensively drug resistant-Tb (XDR-Tb) along with shortening the treatment time. Several efforts are being made to develop very effective new drugs for Tb, within the pharmaceutical industry, the academia, and through public private partnerships. This review will address the anti-tubercular activities, biological target, mode of action, synthetic approaches and thoughtful concept for the development of several new drugs currently in the clinical trial pipeline (up to October 2019) for tuberculosis. The aim of this review may be very useful in scheming new chemical entities (NCEs) for Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, UP, India
| | - Bidhu Bhusan Karkara
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, UP, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research University, Guntur, 522213, AP, India
| | - Gautam Panda
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, UP, India
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Chemical Classes Presenting Novel Antituberculosis Agents Currently in Different Phases of Drug Development: A 2010-2020 Review. PHARMACEUTICALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:ph14050461. [PMID: 34068171 PMCID: PMC8152995 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a curable airborne disease currently treated using a drug regimen consisting of four drugs. Global TB control has been a persistent challenge for many decades due to the emergence of drug-resistant Mtb strains. The duration and complexity of TB treatment are the main issues leading to treatment failures. Other challenges faced by currently deployed TB regimens include drug-drug interactions, miss-matched pharmacokinetics parameters of drugs in a regimen, and lack of activity against slow replicating sub-population. These challenges underpin the continuous search for novel TB drugs and treatment regimens. This review summarizes new TB drugs/drug candidates under development with emphasis on their chemical classes, biological targets, mode of resistance generation, and pharmacokinetic properties. As effective TB treatment requires a combination of drugs, the issue of drug-drug interaction is, therefore, of great concern; herein, we have compiled drug-drug interaction reports, as well as efficacy reports for drug combinations studies involving antitubercular agents in clinical development.
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Makarov V, Salina E, Reynolds RC, Kyaw Zin PP, Ekins S. Molecule Property Analyses of Active Compounds for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Med Chem 2020; 63:8917-8955. [PMID: 32259446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to claim the lives of around 1.7 million people per year. Most concerning are the reports of multidrug drug resistance. Paradoxically, this global health pandemic is demanding new therapies when resources and interest are waning. However, continued tuberculosis drug discovery is critical to address the global health need and burgeoning multidrug resistance. Many diverse classes of antitubercular compounds have been identified with activity in vitro and in vivo. Our analyses of over 100 active leads are representative of thousands of active compounds generated over the past decade, suggests that they come from few chemical classes or natural product sources. We are therefore repeatedly identifying compounds that are similar to those that preceded them. Our molecule-centered cheminformatics analyses point to the need to dramatically increase the diversity of chemical libraries tested and get outside of the historic Mtb property space if we are to generate novel improved antitubercular leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Makarov
- FRC Fundamentals of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Elena Salina
- FRC Fundamentals of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Robert C Reynolds
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, NP 2540 J, 1720 Second Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-3300, United States
| | - Phyo Phyo Kyaw Zin
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510 Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
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Yuan C, Zhang H, Yuan M, Xie L, Cao X. Synthesis of 1,4-diazepinone derivatives via a domino aza-Michael/S N2 cyclization of 1-azadienes with α-halogenoacetamides. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1082-1086. [PMID: 31971222 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02626f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel cyclization of α-halogenoacetamides with 1-azadienes has been developed for the efficient preparation of monocyclic 1,4-diazepinones in one step under transition metal-free conditions. Various α-halogenoacetamides and 1-azadienes are well tolerated and give the desired products in good to excellent yields. This cyclization also demonstrates potential synthetic utility on a gram-scale and further transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhao Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, Shandong, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, Shandong, P. R. China.
| | - Mengna Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, Shandong, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqun Cao
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, Shandong, P. R. China.
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Synthesis and biological activity of analogs of CPZEN-45, a novel antituberculosis drug. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2019; 72:970-980. [DOI: 10.1038/s41429-019-0225-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Patel B, Grant G, Zunk M, Rudrawar S. Stereoselective Approaches toward the Synthesis of Nucleoside Antibiotic Core Aminoribosyl Glycyluridine. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhautikkumar Patel
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Griffith University Gold Coast QLD 4222 Australia
- Quality Use of Medicines Network Griffith University Gold Coast QLD 4222 Australia
| | - Gary Grant
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Griffith University Gold Coast QLD 4222 Australia
- Quality Use of Medicines Network Griffith University Gold Coast QLD 4222 Australia
| | - Matthew Zunk
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Griffith University Gold Coast QLD 4222 Australia
- Quality Use of Medicines Network Griffith University Gold Coast QLD 4222 Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Gold Coast QLD 4222 Australia
| | - Santosh Rudrawar
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Griffith University Gold Coast QLD 4222 Australia
- Quality Use of Medicines Network Griffith University Gold Coast QLD 4222 Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Gold Coast QLD 4222 Australia
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Wiker F, Hauck N, Grond S, Gust B. Caprazamycins: Biosynthesis and structure activity relationship studies. Int J Med Microbiol 2019; 309:319-324. [PMID: 31138496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell wall biosynthesis represents a valid target for antibacterial action but only a limited number of chemical structure classes selectively interact with specific enzymes or protein structures like transporters of the cell envelope. The integral membrane protein MraY translocase is essential for peptidoglycan biosynthesis catalysing the transfer of the peptidoglycan precursor phospho-MurNAc-pentapeptide to the lipid carrier undecaprenyl phosphate, thereby generating the cell wall intermediate lipid I. Not present in eukaryotic cells, MraY is a member of the superfamily of yet not well-understood integral membrane enzymes which involve proteins for bacterial lipopolysaccharide and teichoic acid or eukaryotic N-linked saccharides biosynthesis. Different natural nucleoside antibiotics as inhibitors of MraY translocase have been discovered comprising a glycosylated heterocyclic pyrimidin base among other potential lipid-, peptidic- or sugar moieties. Caprazamycins are liponucleoside antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces sp. MK730-62F2. They possess activity in vitro against Gram-positive bacteria, in particular against the genus Mycobacterium including M. intracellulare, M. avium and M. tuberculosis. Structural elucidation revealed the (+)-caprazol core skeleton as a unique moiety, the caprazamycins share with other MraY inhibitors such as the liposidomycins, A-90289 and the muraminomicins. They also share structural features such as uridyl-, aminoribosyl- and fatty acyl-moieties with other MraY translocase inhibitors like FR-900493 and the muraymycins. Intensive studies on their biosynthesis during the last decade identified not only common initial biosynthetic steps, but also revealed possible branching points towards individual biosynthesis of the respective compound. Structural diversity of caprazamycins was generated by feeding experiments, genetic engineering of the biosynthetic gene clusters and chemical synthesis for structure activity relationship studies with its target, MraY translocase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Wiker
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nils Hauck
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Grond
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bertolt Gust
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Nakamura H, Tsukano C, Yoshida T, Yasui M, Yokouchi S, Kobayashi Y, Igarashi M, Takemoto Y. Total Synthesis of Caprazamycin A: Practical and Scalable Synthesis of syn-β-Hydroxyamino Acids and Introduction of a Fatty Acid Side Chain to 1,4-Diazepanone. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8527-8540. [PMID: 31067040 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of caprazamycin A (1), a representative liponucleoside antibiotic, is described. Diastereoselective aldol reactions of aldehydes 12 and 25-27, derived from uridine, with diethyl isocyanomalonate 13 and phenylcarbamate 21 were investigated using thiourea catalysts 14 or bases to synthesize syn-β-hydroxyamino acid derivatives. The 1,4-diazepanone core of 1 was constructed using a Mitsunobu reaction, and the fatty acid side chain was introduced using a stepwise sequence based on model studies. Notably, global deprotection was realized using palladium black and formic acid without hydrogenating the olefin in the uridine unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Nakamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyoto University , Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| | - Chihiro Tsukano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyoto University , Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| | - Takuma Yoshida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyoto University , Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| | - Motohiro Yasui
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyoto University , Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| | - Shinsuke Yokouchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyoto University , Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| | - Yusuke Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyoto University , Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| | - Masayuki Igarashi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo , 3-14-23 Kamiosaki , Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021 , Japan
| | - Yoshiji Takemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyoto University , Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
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Linder R, Ducho C. Unified Synthesis of Densely Functionalized Amino Acid Building Blocks for the Preparation of Caprazamycin Nucleoside Antibiotics. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Linder
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Saarland University; Campus C2 3 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Christian Ducho
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Saarland University; Campus C2 3 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
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Watanabe T, Shibasaki M. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Natural Products Directed Toward Development of Novel Anti-infective and Anti-cancer Medicines. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2018. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.76.781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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N-Acetylglucosamine-1-Phosphate Transferase, WecA, as a Validated Drug Target in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.01310-17. [PMID: 28874370 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01310-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mycobacterial phosphoglycosyltransferase WecA, which initiates arabinogalactan biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has been proposed as a target of the caprazamycin derivative CPZEN-45, a preclinical drug candidate for the treatment of tuberculosis. In this report, we describe the functional characterization of mycobacterial WecA and confirm the essentiality of its encoding gene in M. tuberculosis by demonstrating that the transcriptional silencing of wecA is bactericidal in vitro and in macrophages. Silencing wecA also conferred hypersensitivity of M. tuberculosis to the drug tunicamycin, confirming its target selectivity for WecA in whole cells. Simple radiometric assays performed with mycobacterial membranes and commercially available substrates allowed chemical validation of other putative WecA inhibitors and resolved their selectivity toward WecA versus another attractive cell wall target, translocase I, which catalyzes the first membrane step in the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan. These assays and the mutant strain described herein will be useful for identifying potential antitubercular leads by screening chemical libraries for novel WecA inhibitors.
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Mitachi K, Aleiwi BA, Schneider CM, Siricilla S, Kurosu M. Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of Muraymycin D1 Having a Dual Mode of Action against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:12975-12980. [PMID: 27617631 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A stereocontrolled first total synthesis of muraymycin D1 (1) has been achieved. The synthetic route is highly stereoselective, featuring (1) selective β-ribosylation of the C2-methylated amino ribose, (2) selective Strecker reaction, and (3) ring-opening reaction of a diastereomeric mixture of a diaminolactone to synthesize muraymycidine (epi-capreomycidine). The acid-cleavable protecting groups for secondary alcohol and uridine ureido nitrogen are applied for simultaneous deprotections with the Boc and tBu groups. Muraymycin D1 (1) and its amide derivatives (2 and 3) exhibited growth inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MIC50 = 1.56-6.25 μg/mL) and strong enzyme inhibitory activities against the bacterial phosphotransferases (MurX and WecA) (IC50 = 0.096-0.69 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Mitachi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Bilal A Aleiwi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Christopher M Schneider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Shajila Siricilla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Michio Kurosu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
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