1
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Xu J, Huang W, Li M, Kang C, Jiang G, Ji F. Selective Synthesis of Amides and α-Ketoamides via Electrochemical Decarboxylation and Dehydration. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10498-10510. [PMID: 39010800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
An electrochemical and selective decarboxylation and dehydration using α-keto acids with amines is accomplished, which leads to the easy accessibility of amides and α-ketoamides, which are not only ubiquitous and valuable structure motifs found in pharmaceuticals, but also versatile building blocks in synthetic chemistry. Notably, for this efficient and green protocol, neither metal catalysts nor external oxidants are required. The process exhibits a broad scope and functional group tolerance to deliver various amides and α-ketoamides. Moreover, these two reactions have also been applied to late-stage derivatization and can be safely conducted on gram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiu Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhe Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Kang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangbin Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanghua Ji
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
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2
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Hamada S, Sumida M, Yamazaki R, Kobayashi Y, Furuta T. Oxidative Deprotection of Benzyl Protecting Groups for Alcohols by an Electronically Tuned Nitroxyl-Radical Catalyst. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12464-12473. [PMID: 37586039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative deprotection of benzyl (Bn) groups using nitroxyl-radical catalyst 1 and co-oxidant phenyl iodonium bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA) is reported. This catalyst is highly active for the oxidation of benzylic ethers because of the electronic tuning on account of the electron-withdrawing ester groups next to the catalytically active center. This catalytic system promotes deprotections at ambient temperature and has a broad substrate scope, including substrates possessing hydrogenation-sensitive functional groups, while the deprotection hardly proceeds when using well-known nitroxyl-radical catalysts such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine N-oxyl (TEMPO). The 1/PIFA system also promotes the deprotection of several benzylic protecting groups, including 2-naphthylmethyl (NAP) and 4-methylbenzyl (MBn) groups. Catalyst 1 was also effective for the direct synthesis of ketones and aldehydes from Bn ethers via deprotected alcohols using an excess of the co-oxidant PIFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Hamada
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Maiko Sumida
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Rikako Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Takumi Furuta
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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3
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Bag K, Pal AK, Basu S, Singla M, Sarkar B, Chatterji D, Maiti PK, Ghosh A, Jayaraman N. C-4-Modified Isotetrones Prevent Biofilm Growth and Persister Cell Resuscitation in Mycobacterium smegmatis. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:20513-20523. [PMID: 37323400 PMCID: PMC10268289 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hyperphosphorylated nucleotide (p)ppGpp, synthesized by Rel protein, regulates the stringent response pathway responsible for biofilm and persister cell growth in mycobacteria. The discovery of vitamin C as an inhibitor of Rel protein activities raises the prospect of tetrone lactones to prevent such pathways. The closely related isotetrone lactone derivatives are identified herein as inhibitors of the above processes in a mycobacterium. Synthesis and biochemical evaluations show that an isotetrone possessing phenyl substituent at C-4 inhibit the biofilm formation at 400 μg mL-1, 84 h post-exposure, followed by moderate inhibition by the isotetrone possessing the p-hydroxyphenyl substituent. The latter isotetrone inhibits the growth of persister cells at 400 μg mL-1 f.c. when monitored for 2 weeks, under PBS starvation. Isotetrones also potentiate the inhibition of antibiotic-tolerant regrowth of cells by ciprofloxacin (0.75 μg mL-1) and thus act as bioenhancers. Molecular dynamics studies show that isotetrone derivatives bind to the RelMsm protein more efficiently than vitamin C at a binding site possessing serine, threonine, lysine, and arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingshuk Bag
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of
Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Aditya Kumar Pal
- Molecular
Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Subhadip Basu
- Department
of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Mamta Singla
- Molecular
Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Biplab Sarkar
- Molecular
Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Dipankar Chatterji
- Molecular
Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Prabal Kumar Maiti
- Department
of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Anirban Ghosh
- Molecular
Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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4
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Jung DY, Li X, Li Z. Engineering of Hydroxymandelate Oxidase and Cascade Reactions for High-Yielding Conversion of Racemic Mandelic Acids to Phenylglyoxylic Acids and ( R)- and ( S)-Phenylglycines. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Do-Yun Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Xirui Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
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5
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Tokuhiro Y, Yoshikawa K, Murayama S, Nanjo T, Takemoto Y. Highly Stereoselective, Organocatalytic Mannich-type Addition of Glyoxylate Cyanohydrin: A Versatile Building Block for the Asymmetric Synthesis of β-Amino-α-ketoacids. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Tokuhiro
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida,
Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yoshikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida,
Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Sei Murayama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida,
Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nanjo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida,
Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiji Takemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida,
Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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6
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Cai R, Zhou Q, Hou T, Li B, Liu Y, Li H, Gao Y, Zhu L, Luo J. Facile construction of the all-bridge-position-functionalized 2,4,6,8-tetraazaadamantane skeleton and conversion of its N-functionalities. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00427e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An unusual protocol of a “one-pot” three-step strategy to build the 2,4,6,8-tetraazaadamantane skeleton was developed. 17 products were obtained in 19–46% yields, and the N-benzyl groups were transferred to nitroso, acetyl, benzoyl and nitro groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongbin Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Tianjiao Hou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yunzhi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Huan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Longyi Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jun Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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7
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Matsui D, Hirata Y, Iwakawa A, Toyotake Y, Wakayama M, Asano Y. Combination of Enzymatic Oxidation of Amino Acid and Native Chemical Ligation with Hydroxylamine for Amide Formation toward a One-pot Process. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Matsui
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Hirata
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Akihisa Iwakawa
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yosuke Toyotake
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Mamoru Wakayama
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Asano
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
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8
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Shi W, Ma F, Li P, Wang L, Miao T. Visible-Light-Induced Decarboxylative Cyclization/Hydrogenation Cascade Reaction to Access Phenanthridin-6-yl(aryl)methanol by an Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13808-13817. [PMID: 33063514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel and efficient visible-light-induced decarboxylative cyclization/hydrogenation cascade reaction of α-oxocarboxylic acids and 2-isocyanobiaryls has been developed. Without the need of any external photosensitizer, oxidant, and reductant, this method offers a mild and green approach for the synthesis of diverse alcohols in moderate to good yields. A mechanism indicated that an electron donor-acceptor complex-driven decarboxylation, radical addition/cyclization, and in situ photochemical reduction of ketones to alcohols could be involved in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Fang Ma
- Department of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Pinhua Li
- Department of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Tao Miao
- Department of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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9
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Inada H, Shibuya M, Yamamoto Y. Synthesis of Unprotected 2-Arylglycines by Transamination of Arylglyoxylic Acids with 2-(2-Chlorophenyl)glycine. J Org Chem 2020; 85:11047-11059. [PMID: 32790313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The transamination of α-keto acids with 2-phenylglycine is an effective methodology for directly synthesizing unprotected α-amino acids. However, the synthesis of 2-arylglycines by transamination is problematic because the corresponding products, 2-arylglycines, transaminate the starting arylglyoxylic acids. Herein, we demonstrate the use of commercially available l-2-(2-chlorophenyl)glycine as the nitrogen source in the transamination of arylglyoxylic acids, producing the corresponding 2-arylglycines without interference from the undesired self-transamination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Inada
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Shibuya
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Yamamoto
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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10
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Hamada S, Sugimoto K, Elboray EE, Kawabata T, Furuta T. Chemoselective Oxidation of p-Methoxybenzyl Ethers by an Electronically Tuned Nitroxyl Radical Catalyst. Org Lett 2020; 22:5486-5490. [PMID: 32633536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of p-methoxy benzyl (PMB) ethers was achieved using nitroxyl radical catalyst 1, which contains electron-withdrawing ester groups adjacent to the nitroxyl group. The oxidative deprotection of the PMB moieties on the hydroxy groups was observed upon treatment of 1 with 1 equiv of the co-oxidant phenyl iodonium bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA). The corresponding carbonyl compounds were obtained by treating the PMB-protected alcohols with 1 and an excess of PIFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Hamada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Koichi Sugimoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Elghareeb E Elboray
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Takeo Kawabata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takumi Furuta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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11
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Zhang X, Zhu P, Zhang R, Li X, Yao T. Visible-Light-Induced Decarboxylative Cyclization of 2-Alkenylarylisocyanides with α-Oxocarboxylic Acids: Access to 2-Acylindoles. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9503-9513. [PMID: 32600039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and practical protocol for visible-light-induced decarboxylative cyclization of 2-alkenylarylisocyanides with α-oxocarboxylic acids has been developed, which afforded a broad range of 2-acylindoles in moderate to good yields. The reaction proceeds through a cascade of acyl radical addition/cyclization reactions under irradiation of an Ir3+ photoredox catalyst without external oxidants and features simple operation, scalability, a broad substrate scope, and good functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Peiyuan Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Ruihong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Tuanli Yao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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12
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Engineered P450 BM3 and cpADH5 coupled cascade reaction for β-oxo fatty acid methyl ester production in whole cells. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 138:109555. [PMID: 32527525 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxy- or ketone- functionalized fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) are important compounds for production of pharmaceuticals, vitamins, cosmetics or dietary supplements. Biocatalysis through enzymatic cascades has drawn attention to the efficient, sustainable, and greener synthetic processes. Furthermore, whole cell catalysts offer important advantages such as cofactor regeneration by cell metabolism, omission of protein purification steps and increased enzyme stability. Here, we report the first whole cell catalysis employing an engineered P450 BM3 variant and cpADH5 coupled cascade reaction for the biosynthesis of hydroxy- and keto-FAMEs. Firstly, P450 BM3 was engineered through the KnowVolution approach yielding P450 BM3 variant YE_M1_2, (R47S/Y51W/T235S/N239R/I401 M) which exhibited boosted performance toward methyl hexanoate. The initial oxidation rate of YE_M1_2 toward methyl hexanoate was determined to be 23-fold higher than the wild type enzyme and a 1.5-fold increase in methyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate production was obtained (YE_M1_2; 2.75 mM and WT; 1.8 mM). Subsequently, the whole cell catalyst for the synthesis of methyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate and methyl 3-oxohexanoate was constructed by combining the engineered P450 BM3 and cpADH5 variants in an artificial operon. A 2.06 mM total product formation was achieved by the whole cell catalyst including co-expressed channel protein, FhuA and co-solvent addition. Moreover, the generated whole cell biocatalyst also accepted methyl valerate, methyl heptanoate as well as methyl octanoate as substrates and yielded ω-1 ketones as the main product.
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13
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Kayser S, Temperini P, Poulie CBM, Staudt M, Nielsen B, Pickering DS, Bunch L. A Diversity Oriented Synthesis Approach to New 2,3- trans-Substituted l-Proline Analogs as Potential Ligands for the Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:702-714. [PMID: 32069018 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovery of chemical tools for the ionotropic glutamate receptors continues to be a challenging task. Herein we report a diversity-oriented approach to new 2,3-trans-l-proline analogs whereby we study how the spatial orientation of the distal carboxylate group influences the binding affinity and receptor class and subtype selectivity. In total, 10 new analogs were synthesized and 14 stereoisomers characterized in binding assays at native rat ionotropic glutamate receptors, and at cloned human homomeric kainic acid (KA) receptor subtypes GluK1-3. The study identified isoxazole analogs 3d,e, which displayed selectivity in binding at native N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors over native α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and KA receptors, in the high nanomolar to low micromolar range. Furthermore, analogs 3i-A/B showed a preference in binding affinity for GluK3 over GluK1,2. Finally, analog 3j displayed high nanomolar affinity for native NMDA receptors as well as for homomeric GluK3 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Kayser
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Piero Temperini
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Christian B. M. Poulie
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Markus Staudt
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Nielsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Darryl S. Pickering
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Lennart Bunch
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
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14
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Nitroxyl radical-catalyzed chemoselective alcohol oxidation for the synthesis of polyfunctional molecules. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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15
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Inada H, Furukawa K, Shibuya M, Yamamoto Y. One-pot, two-step synthesis of unnatural α-amino acids involving the exhaustive aerobic oxidation of 1,2-diols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:15105-15108. [PMID: 31782427 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07889d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the nor-AZADO-catalyzed exhaustive aerobic oxidations of 1,2-diols to α-keto acids. Combining oxidation with transamination using dl-2-phenylglycine led to the synthesis of free α-amino acids (AAs) in one pot. This method enables the rapid and flexible preparation of a variety of valuable unnatural AAs, such as fluorescent AAs, photoactivatable AAs, and other functional AAs for bioorthogonal reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Inada
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Furukawa
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Masatoshi Shibuya
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiko Yamamoto
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
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16
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Dong Z, Gao P, Xiao Y. Efficient selective oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes catalyzed by a morpholinone nitroxide. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1666284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Academician Workstation for Natural Medicinal Chemistry of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Pengwei Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Academician Workstation for Natural Medicinal Chemistry of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yongmei Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Academician Workstation for Natural Medicinal Chemistry of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, PR China
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17
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Burkett DJ, Wyatt BN, Mews M, Bautista A, Engel R, Dockendorff C, Donaldson WA, St Maurice M. Evaluation of α-hydroxycinnamic acids as pyruvate carboxylase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:4041-4047. [PMID: 31351848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Through a structure-based drug design project (SBDD), potent small molecule inhibitors of pyruvate carboxylase (PC) have been discovered. A series of α-keto acids (7) and α-hydroxycinnamic acids (8) were prepared and evaluated for inhibition of PC in two assays. The two most potent inhibitors were 3,3'-(1,4-phenylene)bis[2-hydroxy-2-propenoic acid] (8u) and 2-hydroxy-3-(quinoline-2-yl)propenoic acid (8v) with IC50 values of 3.0 ± 1.0 μM and 4.3 ± 1.5 μM respectively. Compound 8v is a competitive inhibitor with respect to pyruvate (Ki = 0.74 μM) and a mixed-type inhibitor with respect to ATP, indicating that it targets the unique carboxyltransferase (CT) domain of PC. Furthermore, compound 8v does not significantly inhibit human carbonic anhydrase II, matrix metalloproteinase-2, malate dehydrogenase or lactate dehydrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Burkett
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P. O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA
| | - Brittney N Wyatt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, P. O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA
| | - Mallory Mews
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, P. O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA
| | - Anson Bautista
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P. O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA
| | - Ryan Engel
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P. O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA
| | - Chris Dockendorff
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P. O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA
| | - William A Donaldson
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P. O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA.
| | - Martin St Maurice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, P. O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA.
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushobhan Mukhopadhyay
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension; Sitapur Road Lucknow 226031 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Sanjay Batra
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension; Sitapur Road Lucknow 226031 Uttar Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; CSIR - Human Resource Development Centre, (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Sector 19; Kamla Nehru Nagar Ghaziabad 201002 Uttar Pradesh India
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19
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Manna S, Prabhu KR. Visible-Light-Mediated Direct Decarboxylative Acylation of Electron-Deficient Heteroarenes Using α-Ketoacids. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5067-5077. [PMID: 30933509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Acylation of electron-deficient heteroaromatic compounds has been developed using visible light. α-Ketoacids have been used as an efficient source of acyl radicals under photoredox conditions. The in situ generated acyl radicals from α-ketoacids have been coupled to a wide variety of electron-deficient heteroaromatic compounds in a Minisci type reaction. This method would be attractive to access biologically attractive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabyasachi Manna
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012 , Karnataka , India
| | - Kandikere Ramaiah Prabhu
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012 , Karnataka , India
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20
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Penteado F, Lopes EF, Alves D, Perin G, Jacob RG, Lenardão EJ. α-Keto Acids: Acylating Agents in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2019; 119:7113-7278. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Penteado
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL - CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eric F. Lopes
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL - CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL - CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gelson Perin
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL - CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Raquel G. Jacob
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL - CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder J. Lenardão
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL - CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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21
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Ju Y, Du Z, Xiao C, Li X, Li S. Novel Effect of Zinc Nitrate/Vanadyl Oxalate for Selective Catalytic Oxidation of α-Hydroxy Esters to α-Keto Esters with Molecular Oxygen: An In Situ ATR-IR Study. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071281. [PMID: 30986969 PMCID: PMC6480123 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective oxidation of α-hydroxy esters is one of the most important methods to prepare high value-added α-keto esters. An efficient catalytic system consisting of Zn(NO₃)₂/VOC₂O₄ is reported for catalytic oxidation of α-hydroxy esters with molecular oxygen. Up to 99% conversion of methyl DL-mandelate or methyl lactate could be facilely obtained with high selectivity for its corresponding α-keto ester under mild reaction conditions. Zn(NO₃)₂ exhibited higher catalytic activity in combination with VOC₂O₄ compared with Fe(NO₃)₃ and different nitric oxidative gases were detected by situ attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy. UV-vis and ATR-IR results indicated that coordination complex formed in Zn(NO₃)₂ in CH₃CN solution was quite different from Fe(NO₃)₃; it is proposed that the charge-transfer from Zn2+ to coordinated nitrate groups might account for the generation of different nitric oxidative gases. The XPS result indicate that nitric oxidative gas derived from the interaction of Zn(NO₃)₂ with VOC₂O₄ could be in favor of oxidizing VOC₂O₄ to generate active vanadium (V) species. It might account for different catalytic activity of Zn(NO₃)₂ or Fe(NO₃)₃ combined with VOC₂O₄. This work contributes to further development of efficient aerobic oxidation under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Ju
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Zhongtian Du
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China.
| | - Chuhong Xiao
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China.
| | - Xingfei Li
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China.
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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22
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Inada H, Shibuya M, Yamamoto Y. Direct Synthesis of Free α-Amino Acids by Telescoping Three-Step Process from 1,2-Diols. Org Lett 2019; 21:709-713. [PMID: 30645138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A practical telescoping three-step process for the syntheses of α-amino acids from the corresponding 1,2-diols has been developed. This process enables the direct synthesis of free α-amino acids without any protection/deprotection step. This method was also effective for the preparation of a 15N-labeled α-amino acid. 1,2-Diols bearing α,β-unsaturated ester moieties afforded bicyclic α-amino acids through intramolecular [3 + 2] cycloadditions. A preliminary study suggests that the resultant α-amino acids are resolvable by aminoacylases with almost complete selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Inada
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601 , Japan
| | - Masatoshi Shibuya
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601 , Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Yamamoto
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601 , Japan
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23
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Ni K, Meng LG, Ruan H, Wang L. Controllable chemoselectivity in the coupling of bromoalkynes with alcohols under visible-light irradiation without additives: synthesis of propargyl alcohols and α-ketoesters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8438-8441. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04090k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The chemoselectivity of visible-light-induced coupling reactions of bromoalkynes with alcohols can be controlled by simple changes to the reaction atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ni
- Department of Chemistry
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei
- P. R. China
| | - Ling-Guo Meng
- Department of Chemistry
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei
- P. R. China
| | - Hongjie Ruan
- Department of Chemistry
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
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24
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Song W, Wang JH, Wu J, Liu J, Chen XL, Liu LM. Asymmetric assembly of high-value α-functionalized organic acids using a biocatalytic chiral-group-resetting process. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3818. [PMID: 30232330 PMCID: PMC6145935 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06241-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparation of α-functionalized organic acids can be greatly simplified by adopting a protocol involving the catalytic assembly of achiral building blocks. However, the enzymatic assembly of small amino acids and aldehydes to form numerous α-functionalized organic acids is highly desired and remains a significant challenge. Herein, we report an artificially designed chiral-group-resetting biocatalytic process, which uses simple achiral glycine and aldehydes to synthesize stereodefined α-functionalized organic acids. This cascade biocatalysis comprises a basic module and three different extender modules and operates in a modular assembly manner. The engineered Escherichia coli catalysts, which contained different module(s), provide access to α-keto acids, α-hydroxy acids, and α-amino acids with excellent conversion and enantioselectivities. Therefore, this biocatalytic process provides an attractive strategy for the conversion of low-cost achiral starting materials to high-value α-functionalized organic acids. Alpha-functionalized organic acids are building blocks of many bioactive compounds. Here, the authors developed a toolbox-like, modular set of enzymes that reset chiral groups, turning achiral glycine and simple aldehydes into stereodefined α-keto acids, α-hydroxy acids, and α-amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jin-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiu-Lai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Li-Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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25
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Hou T, Ruan H, Wang G, Luo J. 2,4,4,8,8-Pentanitro-2-Azaadamantane: A High-Density Energetic Compound. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; 210094 Nanjing China
| | - Hongwei Ruan
- School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; 210094 Nanjing China
| | - Guixiang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; 210094 Nanjing China
| | - Jun Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; 210094 Nanjing China
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26
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Ren F, Tian X, Ren YL, Zhao S, Wang J, Zhao B. Nitrogen dioxide-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohols under cocatalyst and acid-free conditions. CATAL COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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27
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Hou T, Zhang J, Wang C, Luo J. A facile method to construct a 2,4,9-triazaadamantane skeleton and synthesize nitramine derivatives. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00357a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
An unusual protocol for a “one-pot” three-step reaction to build a 2,4,9-triazaadamantane skeleton from triallylcarbinol was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Chenjiao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Jun Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
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28
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Liu CK, Yang Z, Zeng Y, Guo K, Fang Z, Li B. Sodium nitrite-promoted aerobic oxidative coupling of aryl methyl ketones with ammonium under metal-free conditions: a facile access to polysubstitution imidazoles. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00247e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A sodium nitrite-promoted aerobic oxidative synthesis of polysubstitution imidazoles from aryl methyl ketones under metal-free conditions has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kou Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Zhao Yang
- College of Engineering
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Yu Zeng
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Bo Li
- Harbin Pharmaceutical Group Co
- Ltd
- Haerbin
- China
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