1
|
Nishikata T. α-Halocarbonyls as a Valuable Functionalized Tertiary Alkyl Source. ChemistryOpen 2024:e202400108. [PMID: 38989712 DOI: 10.1002/open.202400108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This review introduces the synthetic organic chemical value of α-bromocarbonyl compounds with tertiary carbons. This α-bromocarbonyl compound with a tertiary carbon has been used primarily only as a radical initiator in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) reactions. However, with the recent development of photo-radical reactions (around 2010), research on the use of α-bromocarbonyl compounds as tertiary alkyl radical precursors became popular (around 2012). As more examples were reported, α-bromocarbonyl compounds were studied not only as radicals but also for their applications in organometallic and ionic reactions. That is, α-bromocarbonyl compounds act as nucleophiles as well as electrophiles. The carbonyl group of α-bromocarbonyl compounds is also attractive because it allows the skeleton to be converted after the reaction, and it is being applied to total synthesis. In our survey until 2022, α-bromocarbonyl compounds can be used to perform a full range of reactions necessary for organic synthesis, including multi-component reactions, cross-coupling, substitution, cyclization, rearrangement, stereospecific reactions, asymmetric reactions. α-Bromocarbonyl compounds have created a new trend in tertiary alkylation, which until then had limited reaction patterns in organic synthesis. This review focuses on how α-bromocarbonyl compounds can be used in synthetic organic chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nishikata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8611, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khanum G, Fatima A, Siddiqui N, Butcher RJ, Alsaiari NS, Srivastava SK, Javed S. Experimental Spectroscopic (FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR, ESI-MS, UV) Analysis, Single Crystal X-Ray, Computational, Hirshfeld Analysis, and Molecular Docking of 2-Amino- N-Cyclopropyl-5-Heptylthiophene-3-Carboxamide and Its Derivatives. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2130372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghazala Khanum
- The School of Studies in Chemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
| | - Aysha Fatima
- The School of Studies in Chemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
| | - Nazia Siddiqui
- Department of Chemistry, Dayalbagh Educational Institute Agra, Agra, India
| | - R. J. Butcher
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Norah Salem Alsaiari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Saleem Javed
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Home Science, Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Agra, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Crocker MS, Deng Z, Johnston JN. Preparation of N-Aryl Amides by Epimerization-Free Umpolung Amide Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16708-16714. [PMID: 36067492 PMCID: PMC9634722 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Amide synthesis is one of the most widely practiced chemical reactions, owing to its use in drug development and peptide synthesis. Despite the importance of these applications, the attendant effort to eliminate waste associated with these protocols has met with limited success, and pernicious α-epimerization is most often minimized but not eliminated when targeting challenging amides (e.g., N-aryl amides). This effort has focused on what is essentially a single paradigm in amide formation wherein an electrophilic acyl donor reacts with a nucleophilic amine. Umpolung amide synthesis (UmAS) emerged from α-halo nitroalkane reactions with amines and has since been developed into a method for the synthesis of enantiopure amides using entirely catalytic, enantioselective synthesis. However, its inability to forge N-aryl amides has been a longstanding problem, one limiting its application more broadly in drug development where α-chiral N-aryl amides are increasingly common. We report here the reaction of α-fluoronitroalkanes and N-aryl hydroxyl amines for the direct synthesis of N-aryl amides using a simple Brønsted base as the promoter. No other activating agents are required, and experiments guided by mechanistic hypotheses outline a mechanism based on the UmAS paradigm and confirm that the N-aryl amide, not the N-aryl hydroxamic acid, is the direct product. Ultimately, select chiral α-amino-N-aryl amides were prepared with complete conservation of enantioenrichment, in contrast to a parallel demonstration of their ability to epimerize using the conventional amide synthesis alternative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Crocker
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Zihang Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Jeffrey N. Johnston
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shaum JB, Nikolaev A, Steffens HC, Gonzalez L, Walker S, Samoshin AV, Hammersley G, La EH, Read de Alaniz J. Copper-Mediated Single-Electron Approach to Indoline Amination: Scope, Mechanism, and Total Synthesis of Asperazine A. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9907-9914. [PMID: 35876810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pyrroloindolines bearing a C3-N linkage comprise the core of many biologically active natural products, but many methods toward their synthesis are limited by the sterics or electronics of the product. We report a single electron-based approach for the synthesis of this scaffold and demonstrate high-yielding aminations, regardless of electronic or steric demands. The transformation uses copper wire and isopropanol to promote the reaction. The broad synthetic utility of this heterogeneous copper-catalyzed approach to access pyrroloindolines, diketopiperazine, furoindoline, and (+)-asperazine is included, along with experiments to provide insight into the mechanism of this new process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James B Shaum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Andrei Nikolaev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Helena C Steffens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Luis Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Shamon Walker
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Andrey V Samoshin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Gabrielle Hammersley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Ellia H La
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Javier Read de Alaniz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lu D, Li Y, Wang P, Wang Z, Yang D, Gong Y. Cu-Catalyzed C (sp3)–N Coupling and Alkene Carboamination Enabled by Ligand-Promoted Selective Hydrazine Transfer to Alkyl Radicals. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dengfu Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yadong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Zijie Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Daoyi Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yuefa Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
This mini-review will present the recent applications of Tert-Butyl Nitrite (TBN) in organic
synthesis. Due to its unique structural feature and wide application, TBN holds a prominent and
great potential in organic synthesis. The applications of TBN in three areas viz. aerobic oxidation,
annulation, and diazotization were reviewed recently; now, the current mini-review will describe the
studies carried out to date in areas such as nitration of alkane, alkene, alkyne, and aromatic compounds,
nitrosylation and sequential nitrosylation reactions, using TBN as source of oxygen and nitrogen.
The mechanisms of these transformations will be briefly described in this mini-review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nader Ghaffari Khaligh
- Professor Reza Research Institute, Education Guilan, Rasht, District 1, 41569-17139, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gao Y, Yang S, Xiao W, Nie J, Hu XQ. Radical chemistry of nitrosoarenes: concepts, synthetic applications and directions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13719-13730. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06023b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The radical chemistry of nitrosoarenes has recently emerged as an attractive and important topic in organic chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Simin Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Wenping Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Jianhong Nie
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Levitskiy OA, Magdesieva TV. Amination of Aryl Boronic Acids with Alkylnitrites: A Convenient Complement to Cu-Promoted Reductive Amination. Org Lett 2019; 21:10028-10032. [PMID: 31800249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed amination of aryl boronic acids with alkylnitrites leading to symmetrical diarylamines with a practical 50-80% yield was elaborated. Two C(sp2)-N bonds are formed in the one-pot process under mild conditions. This new approach to diarylamines is a complement to the Cu-assisted reductive amination of aryl boronic acids avoiding preliminary synthesis of nitrosoarenes. The possible reaction scheme based on quantum chemical calculations was suggested, clarifying key intermediates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg A Levitskiy
- Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory 1/3 , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dahiya A, Sahoo AK, Alam T, Patel BK. tert
‐Butyl Nitrite (TBN), a Multitasking Reagent in Organic Synthesis. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:4454-4492. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Dahiya
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati- 781039 India
| | - Ashish Kumar Sahoo
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati- 781039 India
| | - Tipu Alam
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati- 781039 India
| | - Bhisma K. Patel
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati- 781039 India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ba D, Chen Y, Lv W, Wen S, Cheng G. Copper-Catalyzed Three-Component Cascade Michael Addition/Heck-Type Alkylation/Annulation: Accessing Fully Substituted 1,3-Dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ones. Org Lett 2019; 21:8603-8606. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ba
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Weiwei Lv
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Si Wen
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Guolin Cheng
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cai BG, Chen ZL, Xu GY, Xuan J, Xiao WJ. [3 + 2]-Cycloaddition of 2H-Azirines with Nitrosoarenes: Visible-Light-Promoted Synthesis of 2,5-Dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazoles. Org Lett 2019; 21:4234-4238. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Gui Cai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze-Le Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Yong Xu
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Xuan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shaum JB, Fisher DJ, Sroda MM, Limon L, Read de Alaniz J. Direct introduction of nitrogen and oxygen functionality with spatial control using copper catalysis. Chem Sci 2018; 9:8748-8752. [PMID: 30627395 PMCID: PMC6289103 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03288b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic chemists have spent considerable effort optimizing the synthesis of nitrogen and oxygen containing compounds through a number of methods; however, direct introduction of N- and O-functionality remains challenging. Presented herein is a general method to allow for the simultaneous installation of N- and O-functionality to construct unexplored N-O heterocyclic and amino-alcohol scaffolds. This transformation uses earth abundant copper salts to facilitate the formation of a carbon-centered radical and subsequent carbon-nitrogen bond formation. The intermediate aminoxyl radical is terminated by an intramolecularly appended carbon-centered radical. We have exploited this methodology to also access amino-alcohols with a range of aliphatic and aromatic linkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James B Shaum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , USA .
| | - David J Fisher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , USA .
| | - Miranda M Sroda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , USA .
| | - Luis Limon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , USA .
| | - Javier Read de Alaniz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , USA .
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
tert-Butyl nitrite induced radical dimerization of primary thioamides and selenoamides at room temperature. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
14
|
Luo X, Wang S, Xi C. Cp2TiCl2-catalyzed highly regioselective hydroamination of styrenes with hydroxylamines. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo01068k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
An efficient Cp2TiCl2-catalyzed one-pot two-step hydroamination procedure that allows the direct formation of tertiary amines from styrenes and an electrophilic nitrogen source has been reported with high regioselectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Sheng Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Chanjuan Xi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang HH, Yu S. Radical Alkylation of Imines with 4-Alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines Enabled by Photoredox/Brønsted Acid Cocatalysis. J Org Chem 2017; 82:9995-10006. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic
Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic
Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
van der Werf A, Hribersek M, Selander N. N-Trifluoromethylation of Nitrosoarenes with Sodium Triflinate. Org Lett 2017; 19:2374-2377. [PMID: 28402669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A highly efficient N-trifluoromethylation of nitrosoarenes is reported. The inexpensive and convenient Langlois reagent (sodium triflinate) is employed as a CF3-radical source in combination with a copper catalyst and an oxidant. N-Trifluoromethylated hydroxylamines are obtained in high yields within 1 h at room temperature. The addition of hydroquinone was found to be instrumental to prevent the formation of side products. The method is high-yielding, is scalable, and displays a high functional group tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela van der Werf
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matic Hribersek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicklas Selander
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Ramakrishna I, Bhajammanavar V, Mallik S, Baidya M. Advanced Nitroso Aldol Reaction: Metal-Free Cross-Coupling of Anilines with Silyl Enol Ethers en Route to α-Amino Ketones. Org Lett 2017; 19:516-519. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isai Ramakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinod Bhajammanavar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sumitava Mallik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahiuddin Baidya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|