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Zhang LY, Wang NX, Lucan D, Cheung W, Xing Y. Recent Advances in Aerobic Oxidative of C-H Bond by Molecular Oxygen Focus on Heterocycles. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301700. [PMID: 37390122 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic oxidative cross-coupling represents one of the most straightforward and atom-economic methods for construction of C-C and C-X (X=N, O, S, or P) bonds using air as a sustainable external oxidant. The oxidative coupling of C-H bonds in heterocyclic compounds can effectively increase their molecular complexity by introducing new functional groups through C-H bond activation, or by formation of new heterocyclic structures through cascade construction of two or more sequential chemical bonds. This is very useful as it can increase the potential applications of these structures in natural products, pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, and functional materials. This is a representative overview of recent progress since 2010 on green oxidative coupling reactions of C-H bond using O2 or air as internal oxidant focus on Heterocycles. It aims to provide a platform for expanding the scope and utility of air as green oxidant, together with a brief discussion on research into the mechanisms behind it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Yang Zhang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry &, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Nai-Xing Wang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry &, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Dumitra Lucan
- Technical Sciences Academy of Romania ASTR, Dacia Avenue no.26, Bucharest, Romania
| | - William Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, United States
| | - Yalan Xing
- Department of Chemistry, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, United States
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2
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Lokolkar MS, Kolekar YA, Jagtap PA, Bhanage BM. Cu-Catalyzed C-C Coupling Reactions. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2022_81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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3
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Zhang Q, Tong S, Wang MX. Unraveling the Chemistry of High Valent Arylcopper Compounds and Their Roles in Copper-Catalyzed Arene C-H Bond Transformations Using Synthetic Macrocycles. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2796-2810. [PMID: 35994690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent decades have witnessed a resurgence of the study of copper-catalyzed organic reactions. As the surrogate of noble metal catalysts, copper salts have been shown to exhibit remarkable versatility in activating various C-H bonds enabling the construction of diverse carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. Advantageously, copper salts are also naturally abundant, inexpensive, and less toxic in comparison to precious metals. Despite significant developments in synthesis, the mechanism of copper catalysis remains elusive. Hypothetical pathways such as the two-electron Cu(III)/Cu(I) and Cu(II)/Cu(0) catalytic cycles and the one-electron Cu(II)/Cu(I) catalytic cycle have been invoked to diagram C-H bond transformations because of the formidable challenges to isolate and characterize transient high valent organocopper intermediates. In fact, organocopper chemistry has been dominated for a long time by the acknowledged nucleophilic organocopper(I) compounds. Since the beginning of the new millennium, we have been systematically studying the supramolecular chemistry of heteracalix[n]aromatics. Owing to the ease of their synthesis and selective functionalizations, self-tunable conformation and cavity structures resulting from the interplay of heteroatoms with aromatic subunits, and outstanding properties in molecular recognition and self-assembly, heteracalix[n]aromatics have become a class of privileged synthetic macrocyclic hosts. Our journey to the chemistry of high valent organocopper compounds started with a serendipitous discovery of the facile formation of a stable organocopper compound, which contains astonishingly a Ph-Cu(III) σ-bond under very mild aerobic conditions. When we examined routinely the effect of the macrocyclic structures on noncovalent complexation properties, titration of tetraazacalix[1]arene[3]pyridine with Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O resulted in the precipitation of dark-purple crystals of phenylcopper(III) diperchlorate. Our curiosity about the transformation of an arene C-H bond into an Ar-Cu(III) bond prompted us to conduct an in-depth investigation of the reaction of macrocyclic arenes with copper(II) salts, leading to the isolation of arylcopper(II) compounds which are unprecedented and the missing link in organocopper chemistry. With structurally well-defined organometallics in hand, we have explored extensively the reactivities of both arylcopper(II) and arylcopper(III) compounds, demonstrating their versatility and uniqueness in chemical synthesis. Novel and fascinating arene C-H transformations under copper catalysis have been developed. Using acquired high valent arylcopper compounds as molecular probes, and employing the functionalizations of tetraazacalix[1]arene[3]pyridines as model reactions, we have revealed the diverse mechanisms of copper-promoted arene C-H bond reactions. Elusive reaction pathways of some copper-catalyzed C-X bond activations have also been unraveled. In the meantime, we have also witnessed pleasingly the rapid development of field with the advent of new high valent organocopper compounds. Without any doubt, studies of the synthesis, reactivity, and catalysis of high valent organocopper compounds have been reshaping the field of organocopper chemistry. This Account summarizes our endeavors to explore the chemistry of structurally well-defined arylcopper(II) and arylcopper(III) compounds and the mechanisms of copper-catalyzed arene C-H and C-X bond transformations. We hope this Account will inspire chemists to study thoroughly the fundamentals and the cutting-edge catalysis of high valent organocopper compounds advancing and redefining the discipline of organocopper chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Qing Hua Yuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuo Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Qing Hua Yuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mei-Xiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Qing Hua Yuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
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4
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Liu H, Shen Q. Well-defined organometallic Copper(III) complexes: Preparation, characterization and reactivity. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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5
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Dey S, Modi K, Panchal U, Panchal M, Jain VK. Detection of small molecular toxins using azacalix[4]arene architecture and its theoretical investigations. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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6
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Xiao L, Lang TT, Jiang Y, Zang ZL, Zhou CH, Cai GX. Aerobic Copper-Catalyzed Salicylaldehydic C formyl -H Arylations with Arylboronic Acids. Chemistry 2021; 27:3278-3283. [PMID: 33289166 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report a challenging copper-catalyzed Cformyl -H arylation of salicylaldehydes with arylboronic acids that involves unique salicylaldehydic copper species that differ from reported salicylaldehydic rhodacycles and palladacycles. This protocol has high chemoselectivity for the Cformyl -H bond compared to the phenolic O-H bond involving copper catalysis under high reaction temperatures. This approach is compatible with a wide range of salicylaldehyde and arylboronic acid substrates, including estrone and carbazole derivatives, which leads to the corresponding arylation products. Mechanistic studies show that the 2-hydroxy group of the salicylaldehyde substrate triggers the formation of salicylaldehydic copper complexes through a CuI /CuII /CuIII catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xiao
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Tao-Tao Lang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Lin Zang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Xin Cai
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
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7
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Yang S, Gao P, Suo MT, Gao SX, Duan XH, Guo LN. Copper-catalyzed alkylarylation of vinylarenes with cycloalkylsilyl peroxides and boronic acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10714-10717. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04439c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A mild and efficient copper-catalyzed alkylarylation of vinylarenes with cycloalkylsilyl peroxides and boronic acids is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
| | - Pin Gao
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
| | - Meng-Ting Suo
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
| | - Shu-Xin Gao
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
| | - Xin-Hua Duan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
| | - Li-Na Guo
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
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8
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Trammell R, Rajabimoghadam K, Garcia-Bosch I. Copper-Promoted Functionalization of Organic Molecules: from Biologically Relevant Cu/O 2 Model Systems to Organometallic Transformations. Chem Rev 2019; 119:2954-3031. [PMID: 30698952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Copper is one of the most abundant and less toxic transition metals. Nature takes advantage of the bioavailability and rich redox chemistry of Cu to carry out oxygenase and oxidase organic transformations using O2 (or H2O2) as oxidant. Inspired by the reactivity of these Cu-dependent metalloenzymes, chemists have developed synthetic protocols to functionalize organic molecules under enviormentally benign conditions. Copper also promotes other transformations usually catalyzed by 4d and 5d transition metals (Pd, Pt, Rh, etc.) such as nitrene insertions or C-C and C-heteroatom coupling reactions. In this review, we summarized the most relevant research in which copper promotes or catalyzes the functionalization of organic molecules, including biological catalysis, bioinspired model systems, and organometallic reactivity. The reaction mechanisms by which these processes take place are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Trammell
- Department of Chemistry , Southern Methodist University , Dallas , Texas 75275 , United States
| | | | - Isaac Garcia-Bosch
- Department of Chemistry , Southern Methodist University , Dallas , Texas 75275 , United States
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9
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Wu L, Wang F, Chen P, Liu G. Enantioselective Construction of Quaternary All-Carbon Centers via Copper-Catalyzed Arylation of Tertiary Carbon-Centered Radicals. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:1887-1892. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianqian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry,
Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry,
Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pinhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry,
Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry,
Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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10
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Pascal S, Lavaud L, Azarias C, Varlot A, Canard G, Giorgi M, Jacquemin D, Siri O. Azacalixquinarenes: From Canonical to (Poly-)Zwitterionic Macrocycles. J Org Chem 2019; 84:1387-1397. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Pascal
- Aix Marseille
Université, CNRS UMR 7325, CINAM, Campus de Luminy, case 913, Marseille 13288 Cedex 09, France
| | - Lucien Lavaud
- Aix Marseille
Université, CNRS UMR 7325, CINAM, Campus de Luminy, case 913, Marseille 13288 Cedex 09, France
| | - Cloé Azarias
- Laboratoire CEISAM, CNRS UMR 6230, Université
de Nantes, 2, rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Alexandre Varlot
- Laboratoire CEISAM, CNRS UMR 6230, Université
de Nantes, 2, rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Gabriel Canard
- Aix Marseille
Université, CNRS UMR 7325, CINAM, Campus de Luminy, case 913, Marseille 13288 Cedex 09, France
| | - Michel Giorgi
- Aix-Marseille Université CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM, Spectropole, Marseille, France
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Laboratoire CEISAM, CNRS UMR 6230, Université
de Nantes, 2, rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Olivier Siri
- Aix Marseille
Université, CNRS UMR 7325, CINAM, Campus de Luminy, case 913, Marseille 13288 Cedex 09, France
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11
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Chen Y. Recent Advances in Methylation: A Guide for Selecting Methylation Reagents. Chemistry 2018; 25:3405-3439. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Chen
- Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech UnitAstraZeneca Gothenburg Sweden
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12
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Gandeepan P, Müller T, Zell D, Cera G, Warratz S, Ackermann L. 3d Transition Metals for C-H Activation. Chem Rev 2018; 119:2192-2452. [PMID: 30480438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1444] [Impact Index Per Article: 240.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
C-H activation has surfaced as an increasingly powerful tool for molecular sciences, with notable applications to material sciences, crop protection, drug discovery, and pharmaceutical industries, among others. Despite major advances, the vast majority of these C-H functionalizations required precious 4d or 5d transition metal catalysts. Given the cost-effective and sustainable nature of earth-abundant first row transition metals, the development of less toxic, inexpensive 3d metal catalysts for C-H activation has gained considerable recent momentum as a significantly more environmentally-benign and economically-attractive alternative. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview on first row transition metal catalysts for C-H activation until summer 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathy Gandeepan
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Daniel Zell
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Gianpiero Cera
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Svenja Warratz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
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13
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Liu L, Xi Z. Organocopper(III) Compounds with Well-defined Structures Undergo Reductive Elimination to Form C-C or C-Heteroatom Bonds. CHINESE J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201800365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
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14
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Zhang Q, Liu Y, Wang T, Zhang X, Long C, Wu YD, Wang MX. Mechanistic Study on Cu(II)-Catalyzed Oxidative Cross-Coupling Reaction between Arenes and Boronic Acids under Aerobic Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:5579-5587. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yang Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chao Long
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yun-Dong Wu
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mei-Xiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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15
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Cp*Rh(III)-Catalyzed Directed C−H Methylation and Arylation of Quinoline N
-Oxides at the C-8 Position. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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16
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Ghorbani-Choghamarani A, Taherinia Z. The first report on the preparation of peptide nanofibers decorated with zirconium oxide nanoparticles applied as versatile catalyst for the amination of aryl halides and synthesis of biaryl and symmetrical sulfides. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj00628d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We have reported the preparation of peptide nanofibers decorated with zirconium oxide nanoparticles as a catalyst for the amination of aryl halides and synthesis of biaryl and symmetrical sulfides.
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