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Djapovic M, Milivojevic D, Ilic-Tomic T, Lješević M, Nikolaivits E, Topakas E, Maslak V, Nikodinovic-Runic J. Synthesis and characterization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) precursors and potential degradation products: Toxicity study and application in discovery of novel PETases. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 275:130005. [PMID: 33640747 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is widely used material and as such became highly enriched in nature. It is generally considered inert and safe plastic, but due to the recent increased efforts to break-down PET using biotechnological approaches, we realized the scarcity of information about structural analysis of possible degradation products and their ecotoxicological assessment. Therefore, in this study, 11 compounds belonging to the group of PET precursors and possible degradation products have been comprehensively characterized. Seven of these compounds including 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylterephthalate, ethylene glycol bis(methyl terephthalate), methyl bis(2-hydroxyethyl terephtahalate), 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-bis[2-[[4-(methoxycarbonyl)benzoyl]oxy]ethyl] ester and methyl tris(2-hydroxyethyl terephthalate) corresponding to mono-, 1.5-, di-, 2,5- and trimer of PET were synthetized and structurally characterized for the first time. In-silico druglikeness and physico-chemical properties of these compounds were predicted using variety of platforms. No antimicrobial properties were detected even at 1000 μg/mL. Ecotoxicological impact of the compounds against marine bacteria Allivibrio fischeri proved that the 6 out of 11 tested PET-associated compounds may be classified as harmful to aquatic microorganisms, with PET trimer being one of the most toxic. In comparison, most of the compounds were not toxic on human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) at 200 μg/mL with inhibiting concentration (IC50) values of 30 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL determined for PET dimer and trimer. Only three of these compounds including PET monomer were toxic to nematode Caenorhabditis elegans at high concentration of 500 μg/mL. In terms of the applicative potential, PET dimer can be used as suitable substrate for the screening, identification and characterization of novel PET-depolymerizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Djapovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski Trg 16, P.O. Box 51, Belgrade, 11158, Serbia
| | - Dusan Milivojevic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Ilic-Tomic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Lješević
- University of Belgrade-Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Njegoseva 12, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Efstratios Nikolaivits
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou 9, 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Topakas
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou 9, 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Veselin Maslak
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski Trg 16, P.O. Box 51, Belgrade, 11158, Serbia.
| | - Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Sawama Y, Sajiki H, Takakura R, Nakano K, Yasukawa N. Palladium on Carbon–Catalyzed Oxidative Transformation of Benzylic Ethers. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/com-20-s(k)25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sajiki H, Sawama Y, Yasukawa N, Matsuda T, Shimizu E. Platinum on Carbon–Catalyzed and Chemoselective Aqueous Oxygen Oxidation of Aromatic Acetals to Benzoic Acids. HETEROCYCLES 2020. [DOI: 10.3987/com-19-14122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kawajiri T, Kato M, Nakata H, Goto R, Aibara SY, Ohta R, Fujioka H, Sajiki H, Sawama Y. Chemoselective Nucleophilic Functionalizations of Aromatic Aldehydes and Acetals via Pyridinium Salt Intermediates. J Org Chem 2019; 84:3853-3870. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kawajiri
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Maho Kato
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nakata
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Ryota Goto
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Shin-yo Aibara
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Reiya Ohta
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Fujioka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hironao Sajiki
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Sawama
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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Huang W, Xu N. Synthesis of pinacol acetals catalyzed by (2-carboxyphenyl)diphenylphosphonium bromide. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2017.1368082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
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Berthet M, Songis O, Taillier C, Dalla V. Catalytic Alkynylation of Cyclic Acetals and Ketals Enabled by Synergistic Gold(I)/Trimethylsilyl Catalysis. J Org Chem 2017; 82:9916-9922. [PMID: 28812891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A completely regioselective and challenging gold(I)-catalyzed ring-opening of cyclic 1,3-dioxolanes and dioxanes by trimethylsilyl alkynes to set diol-derived propargyl trimethylsilyl bis-ethers is reported. This unprecedented and not trivial transformation does not operate with the catalytic methodologies recently reported for catalytic alkynylation of acyclic acetals/ketals, and is uniquely enabled by the application of a recently introduced synergistic gold(I)-silicon catalysis concept capable of producing simultaneously catalytic amounts of two key players, a silicon-based Lewis superacid and a nucleophilic gold acetylide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathéo Berthet
- UNIHAVRE, FR 3032, URCOM EA 3221 , 76600 le Havre, 25 rue Philippe Lebon, BP 540, 76058-F Le Havre, France
| | - Olivier Songis
- UNIHAVRE, FR 3032, URCOM EA 3221 , 76600 le Havre, 25 rue Philippe Lebon, BP 540, 76058-F Le Havre, France
| | - Catherine Taillier
- UNIHAVRE, FR 3032, URCOM EA 3221 , 76600 le Havre, 25 rue Philippe Lebon, BP 540, 76058-F Le Havre, France
| | - Vincent Dalla
- UNIHAVRE, FR 3032, URCOM EA 3221 , 76600 le Havre, 25 rue Philippe Lebon, BP 540, 76058-F Le Havre, France
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Yasukawa N, Kanie T, Kuwata M, Monguchi Y, Sajiki H, Sawama Y. Palladium on Carbon-Catalyzed Benzylic Methoxylation for Synthesis of Mixed Acetals and Orthoesters. Chemistry 2017; 23:10974-10977. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yasukawa
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Gifu Pharmaceutical University; 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi Gifu 501-1196 Japan
| | - Takafumi Kanie
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Gifu Pharmaceutical University; 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi Gifu 501-1196 Japan
| | - Marina Kuwata
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Gifu Pharmaceutical University; 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi Gifu 501-1196 Japan
| | - Yasunari Monguchi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Gifu Pharmaceutical University; 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi Gifu 501-1196 Japan
| | - Hironao Sajiki
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Gifu Pharmaceutical University; 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi Gifu 501-1196 Japan
| | - Yoshinari Sawama
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Gifu Pharmaceutical University; 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi Gifu 501-1196 Japan
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