1
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Liu Y, Jia M, Wang G, Yang W, Xu X. Silver-catalyzed P-centered anion nucleophilic addition to isocyanide: access to 2-phosphinoyl indoles/indol-3-ols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7196-7199. [PMID: 38904457 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01984a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
A silver-catalyzed chemoselective cascade nucleophilic addition of a P-centered anion to isocyanides and cyclization reaction was developed for the efficient and practical synthesis of a wide range of 2-phosphinoyl indole and indol-3-ol derivatives. Unlike the well-documented synthesis of phosphorus-functionalized heterocycles via a P-centered radical, an anionic reactivity profile of phosphine oxides is most likely involved in this domino transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Mengying Jia
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Guodong Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Wenhui Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Xianxiu Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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2
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Pathak JK, Kant R, Rastogi N. Chemodivergent phosphonylation of diazocarboxylates: light-on vs. light-off reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5224-5228. [PMID: 38869003 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00573b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
By tapping into the divergent reactivity of diazocarboxylates under thermal and photocatalytic conditions, we could develop chemodivergent phosphonylation protocols for α-diazocarboxylates with trialkyl phosphites. While the thermal reaction led to N-P bond formation affording phosphonylated hydrazones, the visible light-mediated reaction furnished phosphonylated aryl carboxylates through C-P bond formation. Both reactions are notable for their operational simplicity and mild conditions affording products in good yields without the requirement of a metal, base or photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalaj Kumar Pathak
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Ruchir Kant
- Biochemistry & Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
| | - Namrata Rastogi
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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3
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Gu X, Mo X, Bai WJ, Xie P, Hu W, Jiang J. Catalytic Asymmetric P-H Insertion Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20031-20040. [PMID: 37642381 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Albeit notable endeavors in enantioselective carbene insertion into X-H bonds (X = C, O, N, S, Si, B), the catalytic asymmetric P-H insertion reactions still stand for a long-lasting challenge. By merging transition-metal catalysis with organocatalysis, we achieve a scalable enantioselective P-H insertion transformation between diazo pyrazoleamides and H-phosphine oxides that upon subsequent reduction delivers a wide variety of optically active β-hydroxyl phosphine oxides in good yields with high enantioselectivity. The achiral copper catalyst fosters the carbenoid insertion into the P-H bond, while the chiral cinchona alkaloid-derived organocatalyst controls the subsequent enantioselective outcome. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further reveal that the copper catalyst chelates to the organocatalyst, enhances its acidity, and accordingly promotes the enantioselective proton transfer. Our work showcases the potential of combining transition-metal catalysis with organocatalysis to realize elusive asymmetric reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiaoyu Mo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wen-Ju Bai
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Peng Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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4
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Rupa K, Anbarasan P. Rhodium Catalyzed [4 + 1]-Annulation of o-Acylanilines with 3-Diazoindoline-2-imines. Org Lett 2023; 25:6357-6362. [PMID: 37602993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
An efficient rhodium catalyzed [4 + 1]-annulation of o-acylanilines with 3-diazoindoline-2-imines has been successfully accomplished for the synthesis of spiroindolines in good to excellent yield. The reaction occurs through formation of N-ylide followed by cyclization and showed good tolerance to various functional groups. Gram-scale synthesis, diastereoselective construction of tetrasubstituted indoline, synthesis of spirooxindole, and isolation of potential intermediates have also been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavuri Rupa
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Pazhamalai Anbarasan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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5
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Qu C, Hao J, Ding H, Lv Y, Zhao XE, Zhao X, Wei W. Visible-Light-Initiated Multicomponent Reactions of α-Diazoesters to Access Organophosphorus Compounds. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12921-12931. [PMID: 36130274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A simple visible-light-initiated strategy has been established for the construction of organophosphorus compounds via aerobic multicomponent reaction of α-diazoesters, cyclic ethers, and P(O)H compounds under air. A number of phosphonates and phosphinates could be efficiently isolated in moderate to good yields without the use of photosensitizers and metal reagents. This multicomponent reaction has advantages of mild condition, simple operation, eco-friendly energy, good functional-group tolerance, and gram-scale synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengming Qu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jindong Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yufen Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xian-En Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Qinghai 810008, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, P. R. China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Qinghai 810008, P. R. China
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6
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Zhou X, Xiong T, Jiang J. Gold-catalyzed redox cycloisomerization/nucleophilic addition/reduction: direct access to 2-phosphoryl indolin-3-ones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8568-8571. [PMID: 35815915 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02774g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient gold(I)-catalyzed redox cycloisomerization/nucleophilic addition/reduction reaction of o-nitroalkynes with various H-phosphorus oxides is established. Through the intramolecular redox cyclization of o-nitroalkynes and subsequent intermolecular nucleophilic addition/reduction with no external reactant, a variety of arylphosphoryl and alkylphosphoryl indolin-3-ones with high functional-group compatibility are obtained in moderate to good yields. Mechanistic studies suggest that phosphorus nucleophiles mediate the cleavage of the N-O bond as a reductant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingcui Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China.
| | - Ting Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China.
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7
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Akter M, Rupa K, Anbarasan P. 1,2,3-Triazole and Its Analogues: New Surrogates for Diazo Compounds. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13108-13205. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Akter
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Kavuri Rupa
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Pazhamalai Anbarasan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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8
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Zhou H, Wang G, Wang C, Yang J. Visible-Light-Promoted Aerobic Oxyphosphorylation of α-Diazoesters with H-Phosphine Oxides. Org Lett 2022; 24:1530-1535. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhou
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ganggang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Cunhui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jingya Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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9
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Zhang C, Li X, Shen R. Cs 2CO 3-promoted P-N coupling reaction of H-phosphoryl compounds with N-tosylhydrazones to afford N-phosphorylhydrazones via diazo intermediates. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2021.1990923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruwei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Huang MY, Zhu SF. Uncommon carbene insertion reactions. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15790-15801. [PMID: 35024104 PMCID: PMC8672736 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03328j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalysed carbene insertion reaction is a straightforward and efficient protocol for the construction of carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bonds. Compared to the intensively studied and well-established “common” carbene insertion reactions, including carbene insertion into C–H, Si–H, N–H, O–H, and S–H bonds, several “uncommon” carbene insertion reactions, including carbene insertion into B–H, Sn–H, Ge–H, P–H, F–H, C–C, and M–M bonds, have been neglected for a long time. However, more and more studies on uncommon carbene insertion reactions have been disclosed recently, and clearly demonstrate the great synthetic potential of these reactions. The current perspective reviews the history and the newest advances of uncommon carbene insertion reactions, discusses their potential applications and challenges, and also presents an outlook of this promising field. Transition-metal-catalysed carbene insertion reaction is a straightforward and efficient protocol for the construction of carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bonds.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yao Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Shou-Fei Zhu
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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11
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Mechanism of P-H insertion of α-imino copper carbenes: 1,1-Insertion or 1,3-insertion? Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.139126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Pal K, Volla CMR. Catalytic Insertion Reactions of α-Imino Carbenoids. CHEM REC 2021; 21:4032-4058. [PMID: 34791794 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, α-imino carbenoids generated via transition metal (such as rhodium, nickel, copper, palladium, silver) catalyzed denitrogenative ring-opening of N-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles have found an extensive account of applications in synthetic organic chemistry. Particularly, they have been widely utilized as a donor/acceptor carbene complex in a range of transformations leading to diverse nitrogen containing compounds and heterocycles. Along the same direction, 3-diazoindolin-2-imines were successfully applied as an alternative source of α-imino carbenoid precursors for the development of a number of methodologies to access diverse indole derivatives. This review summarizes the insertion reactions of α-imino metal carbenes derived from N-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles and 3-diazoindolin-2-imines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Chandra M R Volla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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13
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Liang C, Jiang J. Copper-catalyzed P-H insertion reactions of sulfoxonium ylides. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5767-5771. [PMID: 34137421 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00948f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed P-H insertion reaction between sulfoxonium ylides and H-phosphorus oxides has been demonstrated, furnishing α-phosphonyl carboxylate derivatives in 41-93% yields. This methodology utilizing bench-stable and thermodynamically stable sulfoxonium ylides as carbene precursors in the presence of the inexpensive and readily available copper catalyst shows advantages such as mild reaction conditions, good functional group compatibility, and easy scale-up, which make this protocol attractive for large-scale chemical processing and processing at the industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China.
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China.
| | - Cuijian Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China. and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
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14
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Dong C, Zhang C, Wang X, Shen R. Rhodium‐Catalyzed O−H Bond Insertion Reaction between H‐Phosphoryl Compounds and 2‐Pyridyl Carbenes Generated from Pyridotriazoles. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Can Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Ruwei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
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15
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Suleman M, Lu P, Wang Y. Recent advances in the synthesis of indole embedded heterocycles with 3-diazoindolin-2-imines. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01515f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The preparations, reactivity and synthetic applications of 3-diazoindolin-2-imines, a valuable class of α-diazo amidines, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Suleman
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Yanguang Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
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16
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Wang L, Yang F, Xu X, Jiang J. Organocatalytic 1,6-hydrophosphination of para-quinone methides: enantioselective access to chiral 3-phosphoxindoles bearing phosphorus-substituted quaternary carbon stereocenters. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01638a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An efficient organocatalytic enantioselective 1,6-hydrophosphonylation of para-quinone methides has been achieved for the construction of phosphorus-substituted quaternary carbon stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi University
- Nanning
- P. R. China
- Medicinal College
| | - Fuxing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi University
- Nanning
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi University
- Nanning
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi University
- Nanning
- P. R. China
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17
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Zhang C, Dong C, Wang X, Shen R. Copper‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Hydrophosphinylation of α‐Acyl‐α‐Diazoacetates. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials‐Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech University 211816 Nanjing China
| | - Chao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials‐Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech University 211816 Nanjing China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials‐Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech University 211816 Nanjing China
| | - Ruwei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials‐Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech University 211816 Nanjing China
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18
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Wu W, Chen Z. Synthesis of 2,3-diiminoindolines and 2,3-diaminoindoles via copper-catalyzed donor-acceptor metallo carbenoid formation and hydrogenation reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Liu X, Wang Z, Zhai T, Luo C, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Deng C, Liu R, Ye L. Copper‐Catalyzed Azide–Ynamide Cyclization to Generate α‐Imino Copper Carbenes: Divergent and Enantioselective Access to Polycyclic N‐Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Ze‐Shu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Tong‐Yi Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Chen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yi‐Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yang‐Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Chao Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry College of Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China
| | - Rai‐Shung Liu
- Department of Chemistry National Tsing-Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan 30013 Republic of China
| | - Long‐Wu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
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20
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Liu X, Wang ZS, Zhai TY, Luo C, Zhang YP, Chen YB, Deng C, Liu RS, Ye LW. Copper-Catalyzed Azide-Ynamide Cyclization to Generate α-Imino Copper Carbenes: Divergent and Enantioselective Access to Polycyclic N-Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17984-17990. [PMID: 32621338 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Here an efficient copper-catalyzed cascade cyclization of azide-ynamides via α-imino copper carbene intermediates is reported, representing the first generation of α-imino copper carbenes from alkynes. This protocol enables the practical and divergent synthesis of an array of polycyclic N-heterocycles in generally good to excellent yields with broad substrate scope and excellent diastereoselectivities. Moreover, an asymmetric azide-ynamide cyclization has been achieved with high enantioselectivities (up to 98:2 e.r.) by employing BOX-Cu complexes as chiral catalysts. Thus, this protocol constitutes the first example of an asymmetric azide-alkyne cyclization. The proposed mechanistic rationale for this cascade cyclization is further supported by theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ze-Shu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Tong-Yi Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Chen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yi-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yang-Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Rai-Shung Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 30013, Republic of China
| | - Long-Wu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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21
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Li Z, Xie J, Wu L, Suleman M, Lu P, Wang Y. Co(III)-catalyzed reaction between 3-diazoindolin-2-imines and 1-pyrimidinylindoles for the synthesis of 2,3′-biindoles. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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22
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Chen L, Liu X, Zou Y. Recent Advances in the Construction of Phosphorus‐Substituted Heterocycles, 2009–2019. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University 168 Hua Guan Road Chengdu 610052 Peoples's Republic of China
| | - Xiao‐Yan Liu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University 168 Hua Guan Road Chengdu 610052 Peoples's Republic of China
| | - Yun‐Xiang Zou
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University 168 Hua Guan Road Chengdu 610052 Peoples's Republic of China
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23
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Yuan H, Kowah JA, Jiang J. Base-promoted hydrophosphination of para-quinone methides under ultrasonic irradiation: A rapid and efficient synthesis of diarylmethyl phosphorus oxides. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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24
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Li Z, Xie J, Lu P, Wang Y. Synthesis of 8-Alkoxy-5 H-isochromeno[3,4- c]isoquinolines and 1-Alkoxy-4-arylisoquinolin-3-ols through Rh(III)-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization of Benzimidates with 4-Diazoisochroman-3-imines and 4-Diazoisoquinolin-3-ones. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5525-5535. [PMID: 32200640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H activation/annulation of benzimidates with 4-diazoisochroman-3-imines furnished 8-alkoxy-5H-isochromeno[3,4-c]isoquinolines in moderate to excellent yields with a broad range of substrate scope. The reaction was carried out under mild reaction conditions and could be scaled up with practical usage. Similar reaction between benzimidates and 4-diazoisoquinolin-3-ones provided 1-alkoxy-4-arylisoquinolin-3-ols in excellent yields. Moreover, the synthesized products could be conveniently transformed to the corresponding heterocycles with a 1,8-naphthyridinone or isochromenopyridinone core, which are privileged structures in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenmin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yanguang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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25
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Gao K, Kou L, Fu R, Bao X. Synthesis of 2‐(3‐Arylallylidene)‐3‐oxindoles via Dirhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Reaction of 3‐Diazoindolin‐2‐imines with 1‐Aryl‐Substituted Allylic Alcohols and Computational Insights. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Luyao Kou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Fu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Bao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
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26
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Liu Y, Xie P, Li J, Bai WJ, Jiang J. Nickel-Catalyzed Coupling of N-Sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazole with H-Phosphine Oxides: Stereoselective and Site-Selective Synthesis of α-Aminovinylphosphoryl Derivatives. Org Lett 2019; 21:4944-4949. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Peng Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Jiagen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Ju Bai
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5580, United States
| | - Jun Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
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27
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Rawat D, Ravi C, Joshi A, Suresh E, Jana K, Ganguly B, Adimurthy S. Indium-Catalyzed Denitrogenative Transannulation of Pyridotriazoles: Synthesis of Pyrido[1,2-a]indoles. Org Lett 2019; 21:2043-2047. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Rawat
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR−Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar-364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Chitrakar Ravi
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR−Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar-364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Abhisek Joshi
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR−Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar-364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Eringathodi Suresh
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR−Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar-364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Kalyanashis Jana
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR−Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar-364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Bishwajit Ganguly
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR−Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar-364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Subbarayappa Adimurthy
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR−Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar-364002, Gujarat, India
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28
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Zhou Y, Ma F, Lu P, Wang Y. Preparation of spiro[imidazolidine-4,3′-indolin]-2′-imines via copper(i)-catalyzed formal [2 + 2 + 1] cycloaddition of 3-diazoindolin-2-imines and triazines. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:8849-8852. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01767d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report a facile and efficient synthesis of spiro[imidazolidine-4,3′-indolin]-2′-imines via a copper(i)-catalyzed cascade reaction of 3-diazoindolin-2-imines with 1,3,5-triazines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Fanghui Ma
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Yanguang Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
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29
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2017. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Yong W, Li P, Sheng R, Rao W, Zhang X. Pd-Catalyzed One-Pot Two-Step Synthesis of 2-(1H
-indol-3-yl)-2-phenylindolin-3-ones from 2-Alkynyl Arylazides and Indoles. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanxiong Yong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing; 210037 China
| | - Ping Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing; 210037 China
| | - Rong Sheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing; 210037 China
| | - Weidong Rao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing; 210037 China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing; 210037 China
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31
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Gu X, Xie P, Jiang J, Wu Y, Wang L. Metal- and Base-Free Electrophilic Addition of 3-Diazooxindoles with H-phosphine Oxides for N–P Bond Formation. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3184/174751918x15177590137425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A highly efficient electrophilic addition of 3-diazooxindoles to H-phosphine oxides under metal-free and base-free conditions is established, leading to phosphinic hydrazides. This method has good chemoselectivity and broad substrate diversity, and provides a facile and green approach for N–P bond formation. The stereoselective synthesis represents a unique example of asymmetric electrophilic addition of diazo compounds as N-terminal electrophiles with phosphorus compounds, affording P-stereogenic phosphinic hydrazides with excellent stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China
| | - Peng Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China
| | - Jun Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China
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32
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Yuan T, Huang S, Cai C, Lu GP. Metal-free electrophilic phosphination of electron-rich arenes, arenols and aromatic thiols with diarylphosphine oxides. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:30-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02620j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free and mild route to aromatic organophosphorus compounds from stable phosphines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yuan
- Chemical Engineering College
- Nanjing University of Science &Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Shenlin Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Chun Cai
- Chemical Engineering College
- Nanjing University of Science &Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Guo-ping Lu
- Chemical Engineering College
- Nanjing University of Science &Technology
- Nanjing
- China
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33
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Ding H, Wang Z, Bai S, Lu P, Wang Y. Rh-Catalyzed Conversion of 3-Diazoindolin-2-imines to 5H-Pyrazino[2,3-b]indoles with Photoluminescent Properties. Org Lett 2017; 19:6514-6517. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hualong Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zaibin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Songlin Bai
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yanguang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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34
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Wendels S, Chavez T, Bonnet M, Salmeia KA, Gaan S. Recent Developments in Organophosphorus Flame Retardants Containing P-C Bond and Their Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E784. [PMID: 28773147 PMCID: PMC5551827 DOI: 10.3390/ma10070784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds containing P-C bonds are increasingly developed as flame retardant additives due to their excellent thermal and hydrolytic stability and ease of synthesis. The latest development (since 2010) in organophosphorus flame retardants containing P-C bonds summarized in this review. In this review, we have broadly classified such phosphorus compounds based on the carbon unit linked to the phosphorus atom i.e., could be a part of either an aliphatic or an aromatic unit. We have only considered those published literature where a P-C bond was created as a part of synthetic strategy to make either an intermediate or a final organophosphorus compound with an aim to use it as a flame retardant. General synthetic strategies to create P-C bonds are briefly discussed. Most popular synthetic strategies used for developing P-C containing phosphorus based flame retardants include Michael addition, Michaelis-Arbuzov, Friedels-Crafts and Grignard reactions. In general, most flame retardant derivatives discussed in this review have been prepared via a one- to two-step synthetic strategy with relatively high yields greater than 80%. Specific examples of P-C containing flame retardants synthesized via suitable synthetic strategy and their applications on various polymer systems are described in detail. Aliphatic phosphorus compounds being liquids or low melting solids are generally applied in polymers via coatings (cellulose) or are incorporated in the bulk of the polymers (epoxy, polyurethanes) during their polymerization as reactive or non-reactive additives. Substituents on the P atoms and the chemistry of the polymer matrix greatly influence the flame retardant behavior of these compounds (condensed phase vs. the gas phase). Recently, aromatic DOPO based phosphinate flame retardants have been developed with relatively higher thermal stabilities (>250 °C). Such compounds have potential as flame retardants for high temperature processable polymers such as polyesters and polyamides. A vast variety of P-C bond containing efficient flame retardants are being developed; however, further work in terms of their economical synthetic methods, detailed impact on mechanical properties and processability, long term durability and their toxicity and environmental impact is much needed for their potential commercial exploitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Wendels
- Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Thiebault Chavez
- Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Bonnet
- Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Khalifah A Salmeia
- Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Sabyasachi Gaan
- Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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