1
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Yin Y, Wang J, Li J. A concise and scalable chemoenzymatic synthesis of prostaglandins. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2523. [PMID: 38514642 PMCID: PMC10957970 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46960-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins have garnered significant attention from synthetic chemists due to their exceptional biological activities. In this report, we present a concise chemoenzymatic synthesis method for several representative prostaglandins, achieved in 5 to 7 steps. Notably, the common intermediate bromohydrin, a radical equivalent of Corey lactone, is chemoenzymatically synthesized in only two steps, which allows us to complete the synthesis of prostaglandin F2α in five steps on a 10-gram scale. The chiral cyclopentane core is introduced with high enantioselectivity, while the lipid chains are sequentially incorporated through a cost-effective process involving bromohydrin formation, nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings, and Wittig reactions. This cost-efficient synthesis route for prostaglandins holds the potential to make prostaglandin-related drugs more affordable and facilitate easier access to their analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Yin
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Kawauchi G, Suga Y, Toda S, Hayashi Y. Organocatalyst-mediated, pot-economical total synthesis of latanoprost. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10081-10086. [PMID: 37772091 PMCID: PMC10530343 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02978f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The enantioselective total synthesis of latanoprost, an antiglaucoma agent, has been accomplished with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities in a pot-economical manner using six reaction vessels. An enantioselective Krische allylation was conducted in the first pot. In the second pot, olefin metathesis, silyl protection, and hydrogenolysis proceeded efficiently. In the third pot, an organocatalyst-mediated Michael reaction proceeded with excellent diastereoselectivity. The fourth pot involved a substrate-controlled Mukaiyama intramolecular aldol reaction and elimination of HNO2 to afford a methylenecyclopentanone, also with excellent diastereoselectivity. The fifth pot involved a Michael reaction of vinyl cuprate. In the sixth pot, three reactions, a cis-selective olefin metathesis, diastereoselective reduction, and deprotection, afforded latanoprost. Nearly optically pure latanoprost was obtained, and the total yield was 24%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genki Kawauchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Yurina Suga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Shunsuke Toda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Yujiro Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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3
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Wang ZS, Bennett SH, Kicin B, Jing C, Pradeilles JA, Thai K, Smith JR, Bacoş PD, Fasano V, Saunders CM, Aggarwal VK. De Novo Synthesis of Dihydrobenzofurans and Indolines and Its Application to a Modular, Asymmetric Synthesis of Beraprost. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37326516 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Dihydrobenzofurans and indolines are important constituents of pharmaceuticals. Herein, we describe a novel strategy for their construction in which the aromatic ring is created de novo through an inverse-electron demand Diels-Alder reaction and cheletropic extrusion sequence of a 2-halothiophene-1,1-dioxide with an enol ether/enamide, followed by aromatization. Unusually, the aromatization process proved to be highly challenging, but it was discovered that treatment of the halocyclohexadienes with a base effected an α-elimination-aromatization reaction. Mechanistic investigation of this step using deuterium-labeling studies indicated the intermediacy of a carbene which undergoes a 1,2-hydrogen shift and subsequent aromatization. The methodology was applied to a modular and stereoselective total synthesis of the antiplatelet drug beraprost in only 8 steps from a key enal-lactone. This lactone provided the core of beraprost to which both its sidechains could be appended through a 1,4-conjugate addition process (lower ω-sidechain), followed by de novo construction of beraprost's dihydrobenzofuran (upper α-sidechain) using our newly developed methodology. Additionally, we have demonstrated the breadth of our newly established protocol in the synthesis of functionalized indolines, which occurred with high levels of regiocontrol. According to density-functional theory (DFT) calculations, the high selectivity originates from attractive London dispersion interactions in the TS of the Diels-Alder reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Shu Wang
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Steven H Bennett
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Bilal Kicin
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Changcheng Jing
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Johan A Pradeilles
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Karen Thai
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - James R Smith
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - P David Bacoş
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Valerio Fasano
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Carla M Saunders
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Varinder K Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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4
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Prostacyclin (PGI2) scaffolds in medicinal chemistry: current and emerging drugs. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02914-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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García-Lacuna J, Alonso M, Domínguez G, Pérez Castells J. Study of the Pauson-Khand reaction in flow over alkynylphenyl vinyl ethers: towards the synthesis of tricyclic multisubstituted benzofurans. RSC Adv 2022; 12:7313-7317. [PMID: 35424686 PMCID: PMC8982164 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01062c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of flow methodology allows the use of alkynylphenyl vinyl ethers (benzo-fused 1,7 enynes) as substrates for the intramolecular Pauson-Khand reaction (PKr). Forced temperature and pressure conditions during a short reaction time minimize the substrate decomposition allowing the formation of the PK adduct. Substrates substituted at the internal position of the double bond and with internal triple bonds give better yields. The resulting products are cyclopentabenzofuranones present in diverse natural products and drugs that can be further functionalised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge García-Lacuna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte Madrid Spain
| | - Maialen Alonso
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte Madrid Spain
| | - Gema Domínguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte Madrid Spain
| | - Javier Pérez Castells
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte Madrid Spain
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6
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Han B, He XH, Liu YQ, He G, Peng C, Li JL. Asymmetric organocatalysis: an enabling technology for medicinal chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:1522-1586. [PMID: 33496291 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00196a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy and synthetic versatility of asymmetric organocatalysis have contributed enormously to the field of organic synthesis since the early 2000s. As asymmetric organocatalytic methods mature, they have extended beyond the academia and undergone scale-up for the production of chiral drugs, natural products, and enantiomerically enriched bioactive molecules. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the applications of asymmetric organocatalysis in medicinal chemistry. A general picture of asymmetric organocatalytic strategies in medicinal chemistry is firstly presented, and the specific applications of these strategies in pharmaceutical synthesis are systematically described, with a focus on the preparation of antiviral, anticancer, neuroprotective, cardiovascular, antibacterial, and antiparasitic agents, as well as several miscellaneous bioactive agents. The review concludes with a discussion of the challenges, limitations and future prospects for organocatalytic asymmetric synthesis of medicinally valuable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xiang-Hong He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yan-Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Gu He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Jun-Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China. and Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
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7
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Abstract
We would all like to make or obtain the materials or products we want as soon as possible. This is human nature. This is true also for chemists in the synthesis of organic molecules. All chemists would like to make their target molecules as soon as possible, particularly when their interest is in the physical or biological properties of those molecules.As demonstrated by today's COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, rapid synthesis is also crucial to enable chemists to deliver effective therapeutic agents to the community. Several concepts are currently well-accepted as important for achieving this: atom economy, step economy, and redox economy. Considering the importance of synthesizing organic molecules rapidly, I recently proposed adding the concept of time economy.In a multisep synthesis, each step has to be completed within a short period of time to make the desired molecule rapidly. The development of rapid reactions is important but also insufficient. After each step, frequent and repetitive workup operations such as quenching the reaction, extraction, separation of water and organic phases, drying the organic phase, filtration, evaporation, and purification may be required, and the time necessary for these processing operations must be taken into account. Indeed, some of the most time-consuming operations in most syntheses are the purification stages.On the other hand, one-pot reactions are processes in which several sequential reactions are conducted in a single reaction vessel, which avoids the need to purify intermediates. One-pot reactions are a useful way to shorten the total synthesis time, and the approach generally leads to an increase in the yield and a reduction in the amount of chemical waste formed. Thus, I also propose the importance of pot economy.On the basis of these concepts of time and pot economy, we have accomplished efficient syntheses of several natural products and medicines. The key to the success of these syntheses is the use of diphenylprolinol silyl ether as an effective catalyst in a one-pot reaction, in which it does not disturb the subsequent reactions. Our strategy is (1) to construct the chiral key skeletons and/or key components of natural products and medicines directly using organocatalyst-mediated one-pot reactions and (2) to conduct the subsequent transformations to the final molecules in a small number of pots utilizing the internal quench method. By means of this strategy, PGE1 methyl ester, estradiol methyl ether, and clinprost were synthesized in three, five, and seven pots, respectively. Furthermore, (-)-oseltamivir, ABT-341, baclofen, and Corey lactone were synthesized in a single reaction vessel. Further optimization of the reactions in terms of time economy allowed (-)-oseltamivir and Corey lactone to be synthesized within 60 and 152 min, respectively. These syntheses will be highlighted as case studies. Although the organocatalyst is a key compound in this Account, pot- and time-economical syntheses can be expanded to organometallic chemistry and, indeed, to organic chemistry in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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8
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Parella R, Jakkampudi S, Zhao JC. Recent Applications of Asymmetric Organocatalytic Methods in Total Synthesis. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramarao Parella
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio, Texas 78249-0698 USA
| | - Satish Jakkampudi
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio, Texas 78249-0698 USA
| | - John C.‐G. Zhao
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio, Texas 78249-0698 USA
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariyoshi Umekubo
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University 6‐3 Aza‐Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba‐ku 980‐8578 Sendai Japan
| | - Yujiro Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University 6‐3 Aza‐Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba‐ku 980‐8578 Sendai Japan
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10
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Bennett SH, Coulthard G, Aggarwal VK. Prostaglandin Total Synthesis Enabled by the Organocatalytic Dimerization of Succinaldehyde. CHEM REC 2020; 20:936-947. [PMID: 32672398 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandins have been attractive targets in total synthesis for over 50 years, resulting in the development of new synthetic strategies and methodologies that have served the broader chemical community. However, these molecules are not just of academic interest, a number of prostaglandin analogues are used in the clinic, and some are even on the WHO list of essential medicines. In this personal account, we describe our own approach to the family of prostaglandins, which centers around the synthesis of a key enal intermediate, formed from the l-proline catalysed dimerization of succinaldehyde. We highlight the discovery and further optimization of this key reaction, its scale up, and subsequent application to a range of prostaglandins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven H Bennett
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Graeme Coulthard
- Sygnature Discovery, Biocity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham, NG1 1GR, UK
| | - Varinder K Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
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11
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Umekubo N, Suga Y, Hayashi Y. Pot and time economies in the total synthesis of Corey lactone. Chem Sci 2019; 11:1205-1209. [PMID: 34123244 PMCID: PMC8148033 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05824a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Corey lactone is a highly versatile intermediate for the synthesis of a variety of prostaglandin hormones that natively control a multitude of important physiological processes. Starting from commercially available compounds, we herein disclose a time-economical, one-pot enantioselective preparation of the Corey lactone by virtue of a new diphenylprolinol silyl ether-mediated domino Michael/Michael reaction to afford the substituted cyclopentanone core in a formal (3 + 2) cycloadditive fashion. More broadly, this work advances the on-demand, gram-scale synthesis of high-value targets involving chemically orthogonal transformations, whereby distinct reactions of acids, bases, organometalics, reductants and oxidants can be carried out in a single reaction vessel in a sequential fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariyoshi Umekubo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Yurina Suga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Yujiro Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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12
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Wang Z. Advances in the Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Natural Products Using Chiral Secondary Amine Catalyzed Reactions of α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes. Molecules 2019; 24:E3412. [PMID: 31546876 PMCID: PMC6767148 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chirality is one of the most important attributes for its presence in a vast majority of bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals. Asymmetric organocatalysis methods have emerged as a powerful methodology for the construction of highly enantioenriched structural skeletons of the target molecules. Due to their extensive application of organocatalysis in the total synthesis of bioactive molecules and some of them have been used in the industrial synthesis of drugs have attracted increasing interests from chemists. Among the chiral organocatalysts, chiral secondary amines (MacMillan's catalyst and Jorgensen's catalyst) have been especially considered attractive strategies because of their impressive efficiency. Herein, we outline advances in the asymmetric total synthesis of natural products and relevant drugs by using the strategy of chiral secondary amine catalyzed reactions of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes in the last eighteen years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
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13
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Ramakrishna I, Reddy MK, Baidya M. Organocatalyzed Annulation Cascade toward Asymmetric Functionalization of Dibenzoxazepines and Dibenzothiazepines with Vicinal Tertiary Stereogenic Centers. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isai Ramakrishna
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Mallu Kesava Reddy
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Mahiuddin Baidya
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu India
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14
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Reyes-Rodríguez GJ, Rezayee NM, Vidal-Albalat A, Jørgensen KA. Prevalence of Diarylprolinol Silyl Ethers as Catalysts in Total Synthesis and Patents. Chem Rev 2019; 119:4221-4260. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nomaan M. Rezayee
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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15
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Nakano H, Ganesan D, Chennapuram M, Begum Z, Seki C, Okuyama Y, Kwon E, Uwai K, Tokiwa M, Tokiwa S, Takeshita M. Sugar Based γ-Amino Alcohol Organocatalyst for Asymmetric Michael Addition of β-Keto Esters with Nitroolefins. HETEROCYCLES 2019. [DOI: 10.3987/com-19-14172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Pelšs A, Gandhamsetty N, Smith JR, Mailhol D, Silvi M, Watson AJA, Perez-Powell I, Prévost S, Schützenmeister N, Moore PR, Aggarwal VK. Reoptimization of the Organocatalyzed Double Aldol Domino Process to a Key Enal Intermediate and Its Application to the Total Synthesis of Δ 12 -Prostaglandin J 3. Chemistry 2018; 24:9542-9545. [PMID: 29774967 PMCID: PMC6055629 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Re-investigation of the l-proline catalyzed double aldol cascade dimerization of succinaldehyde for the synthesis of a key bicyclic enal intermediate, pertinent in the field of stereoselective prostaglandin synthesis, is reported. The yield of this process has been more than doubled, from 14 % to a 29 % isolated yield on a multi-gram scale (32 % NMR yield), through conducting a detailed study of the reaction solvent, temperature, and concentration, as well as a catalyst screen. The synthetic utility of this enal intermediate has been further demonstrated through the total synthesis of Δ12 -prostaglandin J3 , a compound with known anti-leukemic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrejs Pelšs
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | | | - James R Smith
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Damien Mailhol
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Mattia Silvi
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Andrew J A Watson
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Isabel Perez-Powell
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Sébastien Prévost
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Nina Schützenmeister
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Peter R Moore
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca, Silk Road Business Park, Charter Way, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Varinder K Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
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17
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Baars H, Classen MJ, Aggarwal VK. Synthesis of Alfaprostol and PGF 2α through 1,4-Addition of an Alkyne to an Enal Intermediate as the Key Step. Org Lett 2018; 19:6008-6011. [PMID: 29064717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The veterinary drug Alfaprostol and prostaglandin PGF2α have been synthesized in just nine steps. The strategy involved the conjugate addition of an alkyne to a bicyclic enal, available in three steps by a proline-catalyzed aldol reaction of succinaldehyde. In the case of Alfaprostol, this resulted in the shortest synthesis reported to date. For PGF2α, this approach improved our previous route by making the 1,4-addition and ozonolysis more operationally simple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Baars
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Moritz J Classen
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Varinder K Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
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18
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Kawauchi G, Umemiya S, Taniguchi T, Monde K, Hayashi Y. Enantio- and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Latanoprost using an Organocatalyst. Chemistry 2018; 24:8409-8414. [PMID: 29603816 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective total synthesis of latanoprost was achieved. Its chiral cyclopentane core structure was constructed through an organocatalyst-mediated [3+2]-cycloaddition reaction, and chirality in the ω-side chain was generated by prolinate-anion-mediated α-aminoxylation of an aldehyde. Highly diastereoselective domino acetalization and an oxy-Michael reaction were key steps for the generation of C9 chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genki Kawauchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Umemiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tohru Taniguchi
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Frontier Research Center for, Advanced Material and Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 11, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kenji Monde
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Frontier Research Center for, Advanced Material and Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 11, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yujiro Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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19
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Peng H, Chen FE. Recent advances in asymmetric total synthesis of prostaglandins. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:6281-6301. [PMID: 28737187 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01341h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are a series of hormone-like chemical messengers and play a critical role in regulating physiological activity. The diversified therapeutic activities and complex molecular architectures of PGs have attracted special attention, and huge progress has been made in asymmetric total synthesis and discovery of pharmaceutically useful drug candidates. In the last 10 years, several powerful syntheses have emerged as new solutions to the problem of building PGs and represent major breakthroughs in this area. This review highlights the advances in methodologies for the asymmetric total synthesis of prostaglandins. The application of these methodologies in the syntheses of medicinally useful prostaglandins is also described. The study has been carefully categorized according to the key procedures involved in the syntheses of various prostaglandins, aiming to give readers an easy understanding of this chemistry and provide insights for further improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
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20
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Zhu HT, He Y, Zhan L, Liu T, Yang SQ, Kang LT, Luo Y. A Practical Synthesis of a Key Intermediate of Beraprost. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3184/174751918x15190387567113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A practical eight-step synthesis of a key intermediate of beraprost is described. The tricyclic cyclopent[ b]benzofuran core can be prepared from 2,6-dibromo-4-chlorophenol. The butyric side chain is introduced by ortho-selective metal–halogen exchange and subsequent coupling with 4-(benzyloxy)butanal. The procedure is operationally simple and amenable to scale-up synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-ting Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Yang He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Ting Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Shi-qiong Yang
- Biocompounds Pharmaceutical Inc., Shanghai 201611, P.R. China
| | - Li-tao Kang
- Biocompounds Pharmaceutical Inc., Shanghai 201611, P.R. China
| | - Yu Luo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
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21
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Ramakrishna I, Ramaraju P, Baidya M. Synthesis of Chiral 1,2-Oxazinanes and Isoxazolidines via Nitroso Aldol Reaction of Distal Dialdehydes. Org Lett 2018; 20:1023-1026. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isai Ramakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Panduga Ramaraju
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Mahiuddin Baidya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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22
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Paz BM, Li Y, Thøgersen MK, Jørgensen KA. Enantioselective synthesis of cyclopenta[ b]benzofurans via an organocatalytic intramolecular double cyclization. Chem Sci 2017; 8:8086-8093. [PMID: 29568457 PMCID: PMC5855134 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03006a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An enantioselective organocatalytic strategy, combining Brønsted base and N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis in a unique manner, is demonstrated for a concise construction of the privileged cyclopenta[b]benzofuran scaffold, present in many bioactive compounds having both academic and commercial interests. The reaction concept relies on an intramolecular one-pot double cyclization involving a cycle-specific enantioselective Michael addition followed by a benzoin condensation of ortho-substituted cinnamaldehydes. Cyclopenta[b]benzofurans were achieved in moderate to good yields, with excellent stereoselectivities. A proof of principle for a diastereodivergent variation is demonstrated through the synthesis of cyclopenta[b]benzofurans containing two contiguous aromatic substituents in a substitution pattern present in commercial and natural compounds. Furthermore, several transformations have been performed, demonstrating the synthetic utility of the products. Finally, insights into the activation mode and stereoindution models are presented for this new synthetic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Matos Paz
- Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C , Denmark .
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C , Denmark .
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23
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Alonso DA, Baeza A, Chinchilla R, Gómez C, Guillena G, Pastor IM, Ramón DJ. Recent Advances in Asymmetric Organocatalyzed Conjugate Additions to Nitroalkenes. Molecules 2017; 22:E895. [PMID: 28555049 PMCID: PMC6152790 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The asymmetric conjugate addition of carbon and heteroatom nucleophiles to nitroalkenes is a very interesting tool for the construction of highly functionalized synthetic building blocks. Thanks to the rapid development of asymmetric organocatalysis, significant progress has been made during the last years in achieving efficiently this process, concerning chiral organocatalysts, substrates and reaction conditions. This review surveys the advances in asymmetric organocatalytic conjugate addition reactions to α,β-unsaturated nitroalkenes developed between 2013 and early 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Alonso
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Baeza
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Rafael Chinchilla
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Cecilia Gómez
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Gabriela Guillena
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Isidro M Pastor
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Diego J Ramón
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
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