1
|
Shah JA, Banerjee A, Mukherjee U, Ngai MY. Merging Excited-State Copper Catalysis and Triplet Nitro(hetero)arenes for Direct Synthesis of 2-Aminophenol Derivatives. Chem 2024; 10:686-697. [PMID: 38405332 PMCID: PMC10882994 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Nitro(hetero)arene derivatives are essential commodity chemicals used in various products, such as drugs, polymers, and agrochemicals. In this study, we leverage the excited-state reactivities of copper catalysts and nitro(hetero)arenes, and the Umpolung reactivity of acyl radicals to convert readily available nitro(hetero)arenes directly to valuable 2-aminophenol derivatives, which are important scaffolds in many top-selling pharmaceuticals. This reaction is applicable to a variety of nitro(hetero)arenes, acyl chlorides, and late-stage modifications of complex molecules, making it a useful tool for the discovery of new functional molecules. Mechanistic studies, including radical trapping experiments, Stern Volmer quenching studies, light ON/OFF experiments, and 18O-labeling studies, suggest a reaction mechanism involving photoexcitation of a copper complex, diradical couplings, and an in-cage contact ion pair (CIP) migration. Our findings offer a streamlined protocol for synthesizing essential pharmacophores from nitro(hetero)arenes while simultaneously advancing knowledge in excited-state and radical chemistry and stimulating new reaction design and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jagrut A. Shah
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, United States
| | - Arghya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, United States
| | - Upasana Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, United States
| | - Ming-Yu Ngai
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, United States
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, United States
- Lead Contact
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li B, Ruffoni A, Leonori D. A Photochemical Strategy for ortho-Aminophenol Synthesis via Dearomative-Rearomative Coupling Between Aryl Azides and Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310540. [PMID: 37926921 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
ortho-Aminophenols are aromatic derivatives featuring vicinal N- and O-based functionalities commonly found in the structures of many high-value materials. These molecules are generally prepared using multistep strategies that follow the rules of electrophilic aromatic substitution (SE Ar) chemistry. Despite their high fidelity, such approaches cannot target substrates featuring a "contra-SE Ar" arrangement of N- and O-groups. Here we report an alternative strategy for the preparation of such ortho-aminophenols using aryl azides as the precursors. The process utilizes low-energy photoexcitation to trigger the decomposition of aryl azides into singlet nitrenes that undergo a dearomative-rearomative sequence. This allows the incorporation of alcoholic nucleophiles into a seven-membered ring azepine intermediate via temporary disruption of aromaticity, followed by electrophile-induced re-aromatization. The net retrosynthetic logic is that the alcohol displaces the azide, which, in turn, moves to its ortho position and furthermore is converted into an amide. The synthetic value and complementarity of this strategy has been demonstrated by the coupling of aryl azides with complex, drug-like alcohols and phenols as well as amines, thiols and thiophenols, which provides a general platform for the fast and selective heterofunctionalization of aromatics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alessandro Ruffoni
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniele Leonori
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nakamura I, Muranushi I, Asoh T, Terada M. Silver-Catalyzed para-Selective Sulfenyl Group Transfer Reactions of N-Sulfenylanilides. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301751. [PMID: 37409634 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Silver-catalyzed reactions of N-sulfenylanilides afforded the corresponding p-sulfenylanilides in good to high yields with good para selectivity. The transformation has a high compatibility of functional groups, such as ester, bromo, and iodo groups. Mechanistic studies indicate that the rearrangement reaction proceeds through intermolecular transfer of the sulfenyl group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Nakamura
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ichiro Muranushi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takato Asoh
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masahiro Terada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shibata S, Amano K, Kojima T, Mori K. Lewis acid-catalyzed formal 1,3-aminomethyl migration. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:9976-9979. [PMID: 37503720 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03059h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Here we report a Lewis acid-catalyzed 1,3-aminomethyl migration rection. When δ-amino acid derivatives were treated with a catalytic amount of Sc(OTf)3, 1,3-migration of the aminomethyl group proceeded smoothly to afford β-amino acid derivatives in moderate to good chemical yields. Detailed investigation suggested that this migration reaction proceeded through the fragmentation/recombination pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzuka Shibata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology. 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Koutarou Amano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology. 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Tatsuhiro Kojima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kobe City College of Technology (KCCT) 8-3, Gakuen-Higashimachi, Nishi-ku, Kobe, 651-2194, Japan
| | - Keiji Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology. 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nakamura I, Tachibana M, Konta R, Tashiro H, Terada M. Synthesis of meta-Aminophenol Derivatives via Cu-Catalyzed [1,3]-Rearrangement-Oxa-Michael Addition Cascade Reactions. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104251. [PMID: 37241991 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cu-catalyzed reactions of N-alkoxy-2-methylanilines and alcohols in the presence of catalytic amounts of IPrCuBr and AgSbF6 afforded the corresponding meta-aminophenol derivatives in good to high yields. These reactions proceed via a [1,3]-rearrangement, in which the alkoxy group migrates from the nitrogen atom to the methyl-substituted ortho position, followed by an oxa-Michael reaction of the resulting ortho-quinol imine intermediate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Nakamura
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Mai Tachibana
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Riku Konta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tashiro
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masahiro Terada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Suzuki M, Terada M, Nakamura I. Copper-catalyzed [1,3]-nitrogen rearrangement of O-aryl ketoximes via oxidative addition of N–O bond in inverse electron flow †. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5705-5711. [PMCID: PMC10231427 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00874f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The [1,3]-nitrogen rearrangement reactions of O-aryl ketoximes were promoted by N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-copper catalysts and BF3·OEt2 as an additive, affording ortho-aminophenol derivatives in good yields. The reaction of substrates with electron-withdrawing substituents on the phenol moiety are accelerated by adding silver salt and modifying the substituent at the nitrogen atom. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the rate-determining step of this reaction is the oxidative addition of the N–O bond of the substrate to the copper catalyst. The negative ρ values of the substituent at both the oxime carbon and phenoxy group indicate that the donation of electrons by the oxygen and nitrogen atoms accelerates the oxidative addition. [1,3]-Nitrogen rearrangement reactions of O-aryl ketoximes was catalytically promoted by IPrCuBr and BF3·OEt2. The oxidative addition of the N–O bond to the Cu catalyst is accelerated by donation of electrons from both nitrogen and oxygen atoms.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mao Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku UniversitySendai980-8578Japan
| | - Masahiro Terada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku UniversitySendai980-8578Japan
| | - Itaru Nakamura
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku UniversitySendai980-8578Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku UniversitySendai980-8578Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cheibas C, Fincias N, Casaretto N, Garrec J, El Kaïm L. Passerini-Smiles Reaction of α-Ketophosphonates: Platform for Phospha-Brook/Smiles Embedded Cascades. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116249. [PMID: 35001479 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The Passerini-Smiles reactions of α-ketophosphonates with nitrophenols has been used as a platform to observe complex cascades involving multiple Smiles transfers coupled with phospha-Brook rearrangement. When using 4-nitrophenols a rare 1,3-Truce-Smiles rearrangement is observed leading to diarylacetamide derivatives. 2-Nitro-derivatives lead to a completely different reactivity pattern that may be explained by a nitro to nitroso conversion followed by a σ-π metathesis. All mechanistic assumptions are confirmed by DFT calculations performed on both families of adducts. The potential of this work has been further demonstrated by the use of N-aryl α-ketoamides as alternative starting materials for these cascades as well as the disclosure of new aza-Nazarov access to hydroxy-indolones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cheibas
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique (LSO-UMR 76523), CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA-Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 828 Bd des Maréchaux, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Fincias
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique (LSO-UMR 76523), CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA-Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 828 Bd des Maréchaux, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Casaretto
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM-UMR 9168), CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Julian Garrec
- Unité Chimie et Procédés (UCP), ENSTA-Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Laurent El Kaïm
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique (LSO-UMR 76523), CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA-Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 828 Bd des Maréchaux, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bera M, Hwang HS, Um TW, Oh SM, Shin S, Cho EJ. Energy Transfer Photocatalytic Radical Rearrangement in N-Indolyl Carbonates. Org Lett 2022; 24:1774-1779. [PMID: 35230112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A new type of sp3-like N-centered radical has been generated by selective energy transfer catalysis. Upon photoexcitation, homolytic N-O bond cleavage of N-indolyl carbonate in the presence of an Ir complex produced N- and O-centered radicals. The high spin density at the C3 position of indole led to radical recombination with the O-centered radical, affording valuable 3-oxyindole derivatives without decarboxylation. Transformations of the desired products into various molecules were also demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Seong Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woong Um
- Department of Chemistry, Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis (CNOS), Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Min Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis (CNOS), Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghoon Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis (CNOS), Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fang YQ, Chen T, Huang G, Ni S, Dang L. Reaction mechanism for copper catalyzed functionalization of unsaturated side chains of amides via domino rearrangement. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
10
|
El Kaim L, Cheibas C, Fincias N, Casaretto N, Garrec J. Passerini‐Smiles Reaction of a‐Ketophosphonates: Platform for Phospha‐Brook/Smiles Embedded Cascades. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- laurent El Kaim
- Ecole Nationale Superieure de Techniques Avancees Chemistry department 828 Bd des mar�chaux 91120 Palaiseau FRANCE
| | - Cristina Cheibas
- Groupe ENSTA: Ecole Nationale Superieure de Techniques Avancees chemistry FRANCE
| | - Nicolas Fincias
- Groupe ENSTA: Ecole Nationale Superieure de Techniques Avancees chemistry FRANCE
| | | | - Julian Garrec
- Groupe ENSTA: Ecole Nationale Superieure de Techniques Avancees chemistry FRANCE
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang Y, Chen X, Lin S, Gao H, Liu FX, Zhou Z, Yi W. Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP)-prompted rearrangement of N-phenoxysulfonamides for the direct assembly of ortho-sulfonamide phenols: A combined experimental and computational study. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
12
|
Huang G, Fang Y, Ni S, Li M, Dang L. Theoretical Study on NHC−Ag(I)/Au(I) Catalyzed Mobius Versus Wagner‐Meerwein Rearrangements of 2‐Methyl‐N‐methoxyaniline. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanglong Huang
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province Shantou University Guangdong 515063 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Qi Fang
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province Shantou University Guangdong 515063 P. R. China
| | - Shao‐Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province Shantou University Guangdong 515063 P. R. China
| | - Ming‐De Li
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province Shantou University Guangdong 515063 P. R. China
| | - Li Dang
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province Shantou University Guangdong 515063 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nakamura I, Masukawa K, Ishida Y, Terada M. Cu-Catalyzed [1,3]-Alkoxy Rearrangement/Diels-Alder Cascade Reactions via in Situ Generation of Functionalized ortho-Quinol Imines. Org Lett 2021; 23:4127-4132. [PMID: 33960798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A Cu-catalyzed cascade reaction between N-alkoxyanilines having an electron-donating functional group at the ortho position and dienophiles, such as N-methylmaleimide, styrene, and indene, proceeded via a dearomative [1,3]-alkoxy rearrangement followed by the Diels-Alder reaction, affording the corresponding ketimines with highly functionalized bicyclic skeletons in an efficient and stereoselective manner. Our mechanistic investigations indicated that the [1,3]-rearrangement is the rate-determining process, efficiently suppressing unfavorable side reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Nakamura
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Kazuki Masukawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masahiro Terada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nakamura I, Nozawa S, Ishida Y, Muranushi I, Mayerweg A, Terada M. Copper-catalyzed [1,3]-alkoxy rearrangement for the selective synthesis of polycyclic ortho-aminoarenol derivatives. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01189h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed [1,3]-alkoxy rearrangement reactions of polycyclic arenes and heteroarenes, such as naphthalenes, phenanthrenes, and indoles, afforded the corresponding ortho-aminoarenol derivatives in good yields and in a site-selective manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Nakamura
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Satoru Nozawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ichiro Muranushi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Alexandra Mayerweg
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masahiro Terada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fang YQ, Dang L. Mechanistic Study of Domino Rearrangement-Promoted Meta C-H Activation in 2-Methyl- N-methoxyaniline via Cu(NHC) +: Motivation and Selectivity. Org Lett 2020; 22:9178-9183. [PMID: 33196206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Here we report a detailed theoretical study of the mechanism of Cu+-catalyzed domino rearrangement of 2-methyl-N-methoxyaniline with a deep understanding of the unique motivation and selectivity of these migrations. We find that the Cu+ catalyst accelerates the [1,3]-methoxy migration to the methyl-bound ortho position of umpolung phenyl. The following domino transfer prefers methyl [1,2]-migration, and the rate-determining step for the whole reaction is the transfer of a proton from the phenyl ring to amine to finish the catalytic cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qi Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - Li Dang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gramage-Doria R. Steering Site-Selectivity in Transition Metal-Catalyzed C-H Bond Functionalization: the Challenge of Benzanilides. Chemistry 2020; 26:9688-9709. [PMID: 32237177 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Selective C-H bond functionalization catalyzed by metal complexes have completely revolutionized the way in which chemical synthesis is conceived nowadays. Typically, the reactivity of a transition metal catalyst is the key to control the site-, regio- and/or stereo-selectivity of a C-H bond functionalization. Of particular interests are molecules that contain multiple C-H bonds prone to undergo C-H bond activations with very similar bond dissociation energies at different positions. This is the case of benzanilides, relevant chemical motifs that are found in many useful fine chemicals, in which two C-H sites are present in chemically different aromatic fragments. In the last years, it has been found that depending on the metal catalyst and the reaction conditions, the amide motif might behave as a directing group towards the metal-catalyzed C-H bond activation in the benzamide site or in the anilide site. The impact and the consequences of such subtle control of site-selectivity are herein reviewed with important applications in carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond forming processes. The mechanisms unraveling these unique transformations are discussed in order to provide a better understanding for future developments in the field of site-selective C-H bond functionalization with transition metal catalysts.
Collapse
|
17
|
Katahara S, Takahashi T, Nomura K, Uchiyama M, Sato T, Chida N. Copper-Catalyzed Electrophilic Etherification of Arylboronic Esters with Isoxazolidines. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:1869-1872. [PMID: 32352205 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed electrophilic etherification of arylboronic esters is reported. Isoxazolidines are utilized as easily available and stable [RO]+ surrogates to give 1,3-amino aryl ethers. The O-selective arylation of isoxazolidines takes place without causing competitive N-arylation. In contrast to previously reported anionic conditions, our copper-catalyzed conditions are mild enough to achieve high functional group tolerance. Preliminary mechanistic studies and DFT calculations support that the reaction proceeds via a transmetalation/oxidative addition pathway, followed by a Lewis acid-promoted reductive elimination to induce the crucial O-selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Katahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Tenga Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kengo Nomura
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Cluster of Pioneering Research (CPR), Advanced Elements Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Research Initiative for Supra-Materials (RISM), Shinshu University, Ueda, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Noritaka Chida
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Im J, Shin SI, Cho CG, Shin S. Aminooxygenation of Ynamides with N-Hydroxybenzotriazoles: Synthesis of α-Benzotriazolyl Carbonyl Compounds. J Org Chem 2020; 85:6935-6950. [PMID: 32316727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Addition of N-hydroxybenzotriazoles to ynamides causes spontaneous rearrangement, resulting in α-benzotriazolyl imides. The transformation proceeded at rt in the absence of any catalyst but could be efficiently catalyzed by Zn(OTf)2. Crossover experiments confirmed that the rearrangement is an intramolecular process, most likely via a concerted mechanism. However, heating the mixture above 110 °C resulted in isomerization of N2 into N1 product, via heterolytic C-N bond dissociation. This tandem addition-rearrangement sequence provides an efficient and atom-economical synthetic route for the synthesis of α-benzotriazolyl carbonyl compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jangbin Im
- Department of Chemistry, Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis (CNOS) and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Sang Ik Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis (CNOS) and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Cheon-Gyu Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis (CNOS) and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Seunghoon Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis (CNOS) and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nakamura I, Tashiro H, Ishida Y, Terada M. Synthesis of meta-Substituted Anilines via Copper-Catalyzed [1,3]-Methoxy Rearrangement. Org Lett 2020; 22:3794-3798. [PMID: 32338520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
meta-Substituted anilines were efficiently synthesized via copper-catalyzed [1,3]-methoxy rearrangement of N-methoxyanilines followed by Michael addition of nucleophiles to the in situ generated ortho-quinol imine. The present reaction exhibits excellent applicability of para-substituents, such as vinyl, methylthio, ester, and bromo, and carbon nucleophiles, such as 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene, N-methylindole, and dimethyl malonate. Thus, the present rearrangement can resolve problems stemming from oxidation reactions, such as the use of stoichiometric amounts of oxidants and low compatibility of electron-withdrawing groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Nakamura
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tashiro
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masahiro Terada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cervantes‐Reyes A, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Sterically Demanding Ag I and Cu I N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis, Structures, Steric Parameters, and Catalytic Activity. Chemistry 2020; 26:5530-5540. [PMID: 32104933 PMCID: PMC7216994 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and full characterization of new air-stable AgI and CuI complexes bearing structurally bulky expanded-ring N-heterocyclic carbene (erNHC) ligands is presented. The condensation of protonated NHC salts with Ag2 O afforded a collection of AgI complexes, and their first use as ligand transfer reagents led to novel isostructural CuI or AuI complexes. In situ deprotonation of the NHC salts in the presence of a copper(I) source, provides a library of new CuI complexes. The solid-state structures feature large N-CNHC -N angles (118-128°) and almost identical angles between the aryl groups on the nitrogen atoms and the plane of the N-C-N unit of the carbene (i.e. torsion angles close to 0°). Among the steric parameters, the percent buried volume (%Vbur ) values span easily in the 50-57 % range, and that one of (9-Dipp)CuBr complex (%Vbur =57.5) overcomes to other known erNHC-metal complexes reported to date. Preliminary catalytic experiments in the copper-catalyzed coupling between N-tosylhydrazone and phenylacetylene, afforded 76-93 % product at the 0.5-2.5 mol % catalyst loading, proving the stability of CuI erNHC complexes at elevated temperatures (100 °C).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fan L, Huang Y, Huang T, Zhao K, Zhang YN, Li C, Zhao YH. Photolysis and photo-induced toxicity of pyraclostrobin to Vibrio fischeri: Pathway and toxic mechanism. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 220:105417. [PMID: 31958710 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pyraclostrobin is a fungicide used widely across the world. However, its photolysis pathway and toxic mechanism is unclear. In this study, photolysis and photo-induced toxicity of pyraclostrobin to Vibrio fischeri were determined. The results showed that direct photolysis dominated the degradation of pyraclostrobin. Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry and quantum chemical calculation revealed that the pyraclostrobin was firstly photo-degraded into Methyl N-phenyl-carbamate and 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-1H-pyrzole, synthetic intermediates of pyraclostrobin, then into aniline, benzoquinone and acids. Toxicity assay showed that bioluminescent inhibition rate to V. fischeri fluctuated with radiation/illumination time and the toxicity curve can be classified into three phases (Phase I: 0-10 min, incline; Phase II: 10-60 min, decline; Phase III: 60-120 min, incline). The up-and-down curve indicates the change of parent compound during the photolysis. Simulation of molecular docking showed that the CDOCKER interaction energy of pyraclostrobin (-44.71) lower than other intermediate products (>-30.00), indicating that the parent compound is more toxic than its intermediates. An increased toxicity observed in the toxicity curve was attributed to the generation of benzoquinone with log1/EC50 of 6.73, which can greatly change structure of target luciferase in Vibrio fischeri. In addition, the addition of radical scavengers can inhibit the bioluminescence of the tested solutions, indicating the involvement of radicals in the transformation of intermediates. This paper reveals that one of photochemical transformation products of pyraclostrobin can cause more toxic than its parent compound to bacteria. Environmental risk assessment should consider not only the parent compound, but also its metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Fan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Tao Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yuan Hui Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ueda M, Yasui M, Takeda N. Synthesis of Heterocycles Utilizing N-Alkoxyimines and Amides. HETEROCYCLES 2020. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-19-918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
23
|
Nakamura I, Terada M. π-Lewis Acidic Metal-Catalyzed Skeletal Rearrangement Reactions of <i>O</i>-Propargylic Oximes. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2019. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.77.971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Nakamura
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yan D, Jiang H, Sun W, Wei W, Zhao J, Zhang X, Wu YD. Synthesis of Benzofurans and Benzoxazoles through a [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement: O–NHAc as a Multitasking Functional Group. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dingyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Heming Jiang
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenxue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yun-Dong Wu
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nakamura I, Terada M. Recent progress on catalytic [1,3]-oxygen rearrangement reactions from nitrogen to carbon atoms. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
26
|
Yao L, Ishihara K. Enantioselective [1,3] O-to-C rearrangement: dearomatization of alkyl 2-allyloxy/benzyloxy-1/3-naphthoates catalyzed by a chiral π-Cu(ii) complex. Chem Sci 2019; 10:2259-2263. [PMID: 30881650 PMCID: PMC6385897 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05601c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An unprecedented catalytic asymmetric [1,3] O-to-C rearrangement of alkyl 2-allyloxy/benzyloxy-1/3-naphthoates was realized under the catalysis of a chiral π-Cu(ii) complex (1-10 mol%). This dearomatization strategy provides facile access to highly functionalized β-naphthalenone derivatives bearing an all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center in high yield with excellent enantioselectivity. The π-cation interaction between the aromatic substituent of the ligand and the Cu(ii) center was proved by X-ray diffraction analysis and shown to be crucial for enantioselective control. Further preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that this intramolecular reaction proceeds through a contact ion pair intermediate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yao
- Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , B2-3(611) Furo-cho, Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan .
| | - Kazuaki Ishihara
- Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , B2-3(611) Furo-cho, Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan .
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fang WY, Zha GF, Zhao C, Qin HL. Regioselective installation of fluorosulfate (–OSO2F) functionality into aromatic C(sp2)–H bonds for the construction of para-amino-arylfluorosulfates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6273-6276. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02659b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of novel para-amino-arylfluorosulfates was achieved through installing fluorosulfate functionality into aromatic C(sp2)–H bonds mediated by sulfuryl fluoride.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures
- and School of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Life Science Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- China
| | - Gao-Feng Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures
- and School of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Life Science Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- China
| | - Chuang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures
- and School of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Life Science Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- China
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures
- and School of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Life Science Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
|
29
|
Nakamura I, Owada M, Jo T, Terada M. Cationic cobalt-catalyzed [1,3]-rearrangement of N-alkoxycarbonyloxyanilines. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:1972-1979. [PMID: 30202451 PMCID: PMC6122159 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A cationic cobalt catalyst efficiently promoted the reaction of N-alkoxycarbonyloxyanilines at 30 °C, affording the corresponding ortho-aminophenols in good to high yields. As reported previously, our mechanistic studies including oxygen-18 labelling experiments indicate that the rearrangement of the alkoxycarbonyloxy group proceeds in [1,3]-manner. In this article, we discuss the overall picture of the cobalt-catalysed [1,3]-rearrangement reaction including details of the reaction conditions and substrate scope.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Nakamura
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecule, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Mao Owada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Takeru Jo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Masahiro Terada
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecule, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ishida Y, Nakamura I, Terada M. Copper-Catalyzed Domino [1,3]/[1,2] Rearrangement for the Efficient Synthesis of Multisubstituted ortho-Anisidines. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:8629-8633. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ishida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Itaru Nakamura
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masahiro Terada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| |
Collapse
|