1
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Friedel-Crafts-Type Acylation and Amidation Reactions in Strong Brønsted Acid: Taming Superelectrophiles. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185984. [PMID: 36144714 PMCID: PMC9503166 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss Friedel-Crafts-type aromatic amidation and acylation reactions, not exhaustively, but mainly based on our research results. The electrophilic species involved are isocyanate cation and acylium cation, respectively, and both have a common +C=O structure, which can be generated from carboxylic acid functionalities in a strong Brønsted acid. Carbamates substituted with methyl salicylate can be easily ionized to the isocyanate cation upon (di)protonation of the salicylate. Carboxylic acids can be used directly as a source of acylium cations. However, aminocarboxylic acids are inert in acidic media because two positively charged sites, ammonium and acylium cation, will be generated, resulting in energetically unfavorable charge-charge repulsion. Nevertheless, the aromatic acylation of aminocarboxylic acids can be achieved by using tailored phosphoric acid esters as Lewis bases to abrogate the charge-charge repulsion. Both examples tame the superelectrophilic character.
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2
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Deng C, Jiang L, Yao J, Liang Q, Miao L, Li C, Miao M, Zhou H. Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Sequential Cyclization of N-Boc Hydrazones with Propargylic Monofluoroalkynes via C-H Activation/C-F Cleavage for the Synthesis of Spiro[cyclobutane-1,9'-indeno[1,2- a]indenes]. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6105-6114. [PMID: 35471941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An effective rhodium(III) catalysis for the construction of valuable tetracyclic compounds is described herein. This domino process involving the C-H activation/[3 + 2] annulation/intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction sequences of simple and readily available N-Boc hydrazones and propargylic monofluoroalkynes afforded fused tetracyclic spiro[cyclobutane-1,9'-indeno[1,2-a]indenes] in moderate to good yields, featuring three C-C bond formation. Moreover, control experiments indicated that the C-H activation might be involved in the rate-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China.,College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P. R. China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China.,College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P. R. China
| | - Jinzhong Yao
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P. R. China
| | - Qian Liang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P. R. China
| | - Lin Miao
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P. R. China
| | - Changchang Li
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P. R. China
| | - Maozhong Miao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P. R. China
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3
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Esfandiari M, Kareem Abbas A, Shahbazi-Alavi H, Safaei-Ghomi J. Synthesis of Benzodiazepines Promoted by CeO 2/CuO@Nitrogen Graphene Quantum Dots@NH 2 Nanocomposite. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1772327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Esfandiari
- Department of Chemistry, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Kareem Abbas
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq
| | | | - Javad Safaei-Ghomi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Iran
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4
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Suleman M, Qi M, Xie J, Lu P, Wang Y. Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H bond activation/annulation reactions of arylacyl ammonium salts with 4-diazoisochroman-3-imines and 4-diazoisoquinolin-3-ones. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1900-1906. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02405a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a C-H bond functionalization strategy for the construction of oxo- and aza-spirocyclic compounds from diazo compounds as coupling partners. Our method comprises ortho sp2 C-H bond activation of...
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5
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Brandes DS, Muma AD, Ellman JA. Synthesis of α-Branched Amines by Three- and Four-Component C-H Functionalization Employing a Readily Diversifiable Hydrazone Directing Group. Org Lett 2021; 23:9597-9601. [PMID: 34881902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Efficient syntheses of α-branched amines by three- and four-component C-H functionalization employing a diversifiable hydrazone directing group have been developed. The hydrazone in the α-branched amine products has been readily converted to multiple desirable functionalities such as a nitrile, a carboxylic acid, alkenes, and heterocycles using diverse heterolytic chemistry and homolytic transition metal- or photoredox-catalyzed processes. This study represents the first example of a four-component C-H functionalization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Brandes
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Alex D Muma
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jonathan A Ellman
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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6
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Jha N, Khot NP, Kapur M. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C-H Bond Functionalization of Arenes/Heteroarenes via Tandem C-H Activation and Subsequent Carbene Migratory Insertion Strategy. CHEM REC 2021; 21:4088-4122. [PMID: 34647679 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed tremendous developments in transition-metal-catalyzed C-H bond activation and subsequent carbene migratory insertion reactions, thus assisting in the construction of diverse arene/heteroarene scaffolds. Various transition-metal catalysts serve this purpose and provide efficient pathways for an easy access to substituted heterocycles. A brief introduction to metal-carbenes has been provided along with key mechanistic pathways underlying the coupling reactions. The purpose of this review is to provide a concise knowledge about diverse directing group-assisted coupling of varied arenes/heteroarenes and acceptor-acceptor/donor-acceptor diazo compounds. The review also highlights the synthesis of various carbocycles and fused heterocycles through diazo insertion pathways, via C-C, C-N and C-O bond forming reactions. The mechanism usually involves a C-H activation process, followed by diazo insertion leading to subsequent coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Jha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nandkishor Prakash Khot
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Manmohan Kapur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
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7
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Dinda S, Naskar S, Roy S, Pramanik K, Ganguly S. An insight into the coordination specificity of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) grafted hydrazones towards rhodium(III). Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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8
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Liu M, Yan K, Wen J, Li X, Wang X, Lu F, Wang X, Wang H. Synthesis of Polysubstituted Phenols by Rhodium‐Catalyzed C−H/Diazo Coupling and Tandem Annulation. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Jining Shi Qufu 273165 P. R. China
| | - Kelu Yan
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Jining Shi Qufu 273165 P. R. China
| | - Jiangwei Wen
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Jining Shi Qufu 273165 P. R. China
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Jining Shi Qufu 273165 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Jining Shi Qufu 273165 P. R. China
| | - Fengjie Lu
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Jining Shi Qufu 273165 P. R. China
| | - Xiu Wang
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Jining Shi Qufu 273165 P. R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Jining Shi Qufu 273165 P. R. China
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9
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Song X, Zhou Q, Zhao J, Jiang Y, Zhang X, Zhang X, Fan X. Synthesis of 1,3-Benzodiazepines through [5 + 2] Annulation of N-Aryl Amidines with Propargylic Esters. Org Lett 2020; 22:9506-9512. [PMID: 33258365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, an efficient synthesis of functionalized 1,3-benzodiazepines through an unprecedented [5 + 2] annulation of N-aryl amidines with propargylic esters is presented. The reactions proceed through Rh(III)-catalyzed C(sp2)-H alkenylation followed by annulation and deacetoxylation along with cascade C-H/N-H/C-O bond cleavage and C-C/C-N bond formation. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of selected products against several human cancer cell lines was tested, which demonstrated their good potential for pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Song
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control and Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Qianting Zhou
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control and Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control and Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yuqin Jiang
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control and Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhang
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control and Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control and Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xuesen Fan
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control and Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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10
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Ouyang W, Rao J, Li Y, Liu X, Huo Y, Chen Q, Li X. Recent Achievements in the Rhodium‐Catalyzed Concise Construction of Medium N‐Heterocycles, Azepines and Azocines. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wensen Ouyang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhang Rao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Yibiao Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science Wuyi University Jiangmen 529020 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohang Liu
- BASF Advanced Chemicals Co., Ltd. No. 300, Jiangxinsha Road 200137 Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Xianwei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
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11
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Velasco‐Rubio Á, Varela JA, Saá C. Recent Advances in Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Oxidative Annulations to Benzazepines and Benzodiazepines. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Velasco‐Rubio
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Jesús A. Varela
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Carlos Saá
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
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12
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Abstract
This review is focused on palladium-catalyzed reactions as efficient strategies aimed at the synthesis of different classes of benzodiazepines. Several reaction typologies are reported including hydroamination, amination, C–H arylation, N-arylation, and the Buchwald–Hartwig reaction, depending on the different substrates identified as halogenated starting materials (activated substrates) or unactivated unsaturated systems, which then exploit Pd(0)- or Pd(II)-catalytic species. In particular, the use of the domino reactions, as intra- or intermolecular processes, are reported as an efficient and eco-compatible tool to obtain differently functionalized benzodiazepines. Different domino reaction typologies are the carboamination, aminoarylation, aminoacethoxylation, aminohalogenation, and aminoazidation.
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13
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Pal K, Adak S, Dey A, Volla CMR. Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Denitrogenative [4+2] Annulation of Benzamides and 3‐Diazoindolin‐2‐imines: Expedient Access to Indolo[2,3‐
c
] isoquinolin‐5‐ones. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:1052-1056. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Pal
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Souvik Adak
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Arnab Dey
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Chandra M. R. Volla
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai 400076 India
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14
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Dinda S, Patra SC, Samanta T, Basu A, Pramanik K, Ganguly S. Rhodium assisted peri-C–H activation in benzothiazolyl-hydrazone derivatized pyrene. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Arora N, Dhiman P, Kumar S, Singh G, Monga V. Recent advances in synthesis and medicinal chemistry of benzodiazepines. Bioorg Chem 2020; 97:103668. [PMID: 32106040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Benzodiazepines (BZDs) represent a diverse class of bicyclic heterocyclic molecules. In the last few years, benzodiazepines have emerged as potential therapeutic agents. As a result, several mild, efficient and high yielding protocols have been developed that offer access to various functionalized benzodiazepines (BZDs). They are known to possess a wide array of biological activities such as anxiolytic, anticancer, anticonvulsant, antipsychotics, muscle relaxant, anti-tuberculosis, and antimicrobial activities. The fascinating spectrum of biological activities exhibited by BZDs in various fields has prompted the medicinal chemist to design and discover novel benzodiazepine-based analogs as potential therapeutic candidates with the desired biological profile. In this review, an attempt has been made by to summarize (1) Recent advances in the synthetic chemistry of benzodiazepines which enable their synthesis with desired substitution pattern; (2) Medicinal chemistry of BZDs as therapeutic candidates with promising biological profile including insight of mechanistic studies; (3) The correlation of biological data with the structure i.e. structure-activity relationship studies were also included to provide an insight into the rational design of more active agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, G.T. Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Prashant Dhiman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, G.T. Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Shubham Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, G.T. Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, G.T. Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Vikramdeep Monga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, G.T. Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India.
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16
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Ding YL, Zhao YL, Niu SS, Wu P, Cheng Y. Asymmetric Synthesis of Multifunctionalized 2,3-Benzodiazepines by a One-Pot N-heterocyclic Carbene/Chiral Palladium Sequential Catalysis. J Org Chem 2020; 85:612-621. [PMID: 31804078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the first example of the construction of chiral 2,3-benzodiazepine compounds which are of biologic and pharmaceutical relevance by asymmetric catalysis. Catalyzed by a thiazolium-derived carbene and a palladium-chiral bidentate phosphine complex in sequence, one-pot reaction between 1-(2-(2-nitrovinyl)aryl)allyl esters 1 with azodicarboxylates 2 took place efficiently at ambient temperature to produce 4-nitro-1-vinyl-1H-2,3-benzodiazepine-2,3-dicarboxylates 5 in good to excellent yields with an enantiomeric ratio of up to 95:5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Ding
- College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Yun-Long Zhao
- College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Shuang-Shuo Niu
- College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Pei Wu
- College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Ying Cheng
- College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
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17
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Liu Z, Zhang W, Guo S, Zhu J. Spiro[indene-1,4'-oxa-zolidinones] Synthesis via Rh(III)-Catalyzed Coupling of 4-Phenyl-1,3-oxazol-2(3 H)-ones with Alkynes: A Redox-Neutral Approach. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11945-11957. [PMID: 31436097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed C-H activation synthesis of heterocyclic spiro[4,4]nonanes has persistently witnessed the use of additional stoichiometric transition-metal oxidant when employing C═C bond as the spiro ring closure site. Herein, we have addressed the issue by reporting a redox-neutral strategy for spiro[indene-1,4'-oxa-zolidinones] synthesis via Rh(III)-catalyzed coupling of 4-phenyl-1,3-oxazol-2(3H)-ones with alkynes. The synthesis features a broad substrate scope and high regiospecificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongsu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Shan Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Jin Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
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18
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Guo S, Sun L, Liu Y, Ma N, Zhang X, Fan X. Rh(III)-Catalyzed Oxidative Spirocyclization of Isoquinolones with α-Diazo-1,3-indandiones. Org Lett 2019; 21:4082-4086. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shenghai Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Lincong Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yangfan Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Nana Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xuesen Fan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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19
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Martínez-Mingo M, Rodríguez N, Gómez Arrayás R, Carretero JC. Access to Benzazepinones by Pd-Catalyzed Remote C–H Carbonylation of γ-Arylpropylamine Derivatives. Org Lett 2019; 21:4345-4349. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Martínez-Mingo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Gómez Arrayás
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C. Carretero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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20
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Belyy AY, Levina AA, Platonov DN, Salikov RF, Medvedev MG, Tomilov YV. Synthesis of Diazanorcaradienes and 1,2-Diazepines via the Tandem [4+2]-Cycloaddition/Retro-[4+2]-Cycloaddition Reaction between Methoxycarbonylcyclopropenes and Dimethoxycarbonyltetrazine. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Yu. Belyy
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; 47 Leninsky prospect 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia A. Levina
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; 47 Leninsky prospect 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry N. Platonov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; 47 Leninsky prospect 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Rinat F. Salikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; 47 Leninsky prospect 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Michael G. Medvedev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; 47 Leninsky prospect 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds; Russian Academy of Sciences; 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
- National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE); Myasnitskaya str. 20, Moscow 101000 Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Yury V. Tomilov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; 47 Leninsky prospect 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
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21
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Xiao Y, Xiong H, Sun S, Yu J, Cheng J. Rh(iii)-Catalyzed dual C-H functionalization of 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-3-oxopropanenitriles with sulfoxonium ylides or diazo compounds toward polysubstituted carbazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:8715-8718. [PMID: 30411773 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02145g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A rhodium-catalyzed annulation of 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-3-oxopropanenitriles with sulfoxonium ylides or diazo compounds has been developed, leading to a series of polysubstituted carbazoles in moderate to good yields. This procedure proceeded with formal Rh(iii)-catalyzed (4 + 2) cycloaddition, with the functionalization of 2-C-H bonds of indole in a step-economical procedure. Additionally, this reaction could also be conducted under acidic conditions when diazo compounds were employed as the reaction partners, which was a complement to the annulation of sulfoxonium ylides under weak basic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiao
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
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22
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2017. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Xiang Y, Wang C, Ding Q, Peng Y. Diazo Compounds: Versatile Synthons for the Synthesis of Nitrogen Heterocycles via
Transition Metal-Catalyzed Cascade C-H Activation/Carbene Insertion/Annulation Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunyu Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and Jiangxi's Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry; Jiangxi Normal University; Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022 People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and Jiangxi's Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry; Jiangxi Normal University; Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and Jiangxi's Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry; Jiangxi Normal University; Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022 People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and Jiangxi's Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry; Jiangxi Normal University; Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022 People's Republic of China
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24
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Asamdi M, Shaikh MM, Chauhan PM, Chikhalia KH. Palladium-catalyzed [5+2] oxidative annulation of N-Arylhydrazones with alkynes through C H activation to synthesize Benzo[d][1,2]diazepines. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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25
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Qi B, Guo S, Zhang W, Yu X, Song C, Zhu J. Rh(III)-Catalyzed Enaminone-Directed Alkenyl C–H Activation for the Synthesis of Salicylaldehydes. Org Lett 2018; 20:3996-3999. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Qi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shan Guo
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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26
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Muratov AV, Grebenyuk SA, Eresko AB. Synthesis of 1,2-Diazepines by the Bischler–Napieralski Reaction. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428018060064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Metal-catalyzed synthesis of cyclic imines: a versatile scaffold in organic synthesis. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-018-2264-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Xu F, Kang WF, Wang Y, Liu CS, Tian JY, Zhao RR, Du M. Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Cascade [5 + 1] Annulation/5-exo-Cyclization Initiated by C–H Activation: 1,6-Diynes as One-Carbon Reaction Partners. Org Lett 2018; 20:3245-3249. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fen Xu
- Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wei-Fen Kang
- Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chun-Sen Liu
- Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jia-Yue Tian
- Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Rui-Rui Zhao
- Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Miao Du
- Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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29
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Fang F, Zhang C, Zhou C, Li Y, Zhou Y, Liu H. Rh(III)-Catalyzed C–H Activation of Benzoylacetonitriles and Tandem Cyclization with Diazo Compounds to Substituted Benzo[de]chromenes. Org Lett 2018; 20:1720-1724. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chaofan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yazhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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30
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Escudero J, Bellosta V, Cossy J. Rhodium-Catalyzed Cyclization of O,ω-Unsaturated Alkoxyamines: Formation of Oxygen-Containing Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:574-578. [PMID: 29219227 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
O,ω-Unsaturated N-tosyl alkoxyamines undergo unexpected RhIII -catalyzed intramolecular cyclization by oxyamination to produce oxygen-containing heterocycles. Mechanistic studies show that an aziridine intermediate seems to be responsible for the formation of the heterocycles, possibly via a RhV species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Escudero
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Véronique Bellosta
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Janine Cossy
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
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31
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32
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Sumita A, Lee J, Otani Y, Ohwada T. Facile synthesis of 2,3-benzodiazepines using one-pot two-step phosphate-assisted acylation–hydrazine cyclization reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:4013-4020. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00708j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a one-pot two-step methodology, in which an unprotected amino is tolerated, for rapidly synthesizing 2,3-benzodiazepines via phosphate-assisted acylation reaction and hydrazine cyclization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinari Sumita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Jinhee Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo
- Japan
- Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy
| | - Yuko Otani
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ohwada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo
- Japan
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33
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Escudero J, Bellosta V, Cossy J. Rhodium-Catalyzed Cyclization of O
,ω-Unsaturated Alkoxyamines: Formation of Oxygen-Containing Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Escudero
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; CNRS, ESPCI Paris; PSL Research University; 10 rue Vauquelin 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Véronique Bellosta
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; CNRS, ESPCI Paris; PSL Research University; 10 rue Vauquelin 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Janine Cossy
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; CNRS, ESPCI Paris; PSL Research University; 10 rue Vauquelin 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
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34
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Lv H, Shi J, Huang J, Zhang C, Yi W. Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed and MeOH-involved regioselective mono-alkenylation of N-arylureas with acrylates. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:7088-7092. [PMID: 28805855 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01627a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A new and versatile Rh(iii)-catalyzed C–H activation/alkenylation/MeOH-involved ammonolysis/esterification cascade reaction has been disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggui Lv
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital
- Guangzhou Medical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
- VARI/SIMM Center
| | - Jingjing Shi
- VARI/SIMM Center
- Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Receptor Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Junjun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital
- Guangzhou Medical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital
- Guangzhou Medical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Yi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital
- Guangzhou Medical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
- VARI/SIMM Center
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