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Sankara CS, Namboothiri INN. Hauser-Kraus Annulation Initiated Multi-Cascade Reactions for Facile Access to Functionalized and Fused Oxazepines, Carbazoles and Phenanthridinediones. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303517. [PMID: 37946675 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The Hauser-Kraus (H-K) annulation of N-unsubstituted 3-olefinic oxindoles with 3-nucleophilic phthalides triggers a cascade of ring expansion and ring contraction reactions through several regioselective steps in one pot. While oxazepines were isolated in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of base at room temperature, carbazoles and phenanthridinediones were the products in the presence of excess base and microwave irradiation. Mechanistic studies guided by stepwise reactions and control experiments revealed that the isolable oxazepine intermediate, formed via ring expansion of the H-K adduct, is the key precursor to carbazole and phenanthridinedione via decarboxylative regioselective cyclizations.
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Sivanandan ST, Nair DK, Namboothiri INN. Recent advances in the synthetic applications of Morita-Baylis-Hillman and Rauhut-Currier adducts of nitroalkenes. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6243-6262. [PMID: 37486601 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00853c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) and Rauhut-Currier (RC) adducts of nitroalkenes are important synthetic intermediates in organic synthesis. This review discusses the applications of different MBH and RC adducts of nitroalkenes such as MBH alcohols, acetates, bromides and hydrazinonitroalkenes as well as ketoalkylnitroalkenes in the synthesis of complex molecules including carbocycles and heterocycles. It also covers the mechanistic aspects, including the key intermediates and the reaction pathways. Early reports on MBH and RC reactions of nitroalkenes and applications of the products were covered in previous reviews. The present review covers the reports that appeared in the timeline of 2015-2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudheesh T Sivanandan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Divya K Nair
- Department of Chemistry, Mercy College, Palakkad, Kerala 678 006, India
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Basu P, Satam N, Pati S, Suresh A, Namboothiri INN. Reactions of Sulfonylphthalide with Diverse Activated Imines for the Synthesis of Enaminophthalides, Spiro-isoquinolinones, and Homalicine Natural Products. J Org Chem 2022; 88:4038-4051. [PMID: 35797456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of the Hauser-Kraus (H-K) donor, 3-sulfonylphthalide, with various activated imines under basic conditions is demonstrated. The reaction of 3-sulfonylphthalide with Boc-protected aldimine provides a rapid access to 1,2-imine adducts and alkylidenephthalides depending upon the stoichiometry of the base. The alkylidenephthalides could be transformed to ketophthalides, a new class of phthalides, on acid hydrolysis, which upon reductive cyclization using Zn/AcOH afforded the natural product homalicine. On the contrary, the Boc-protected isatinimines undergo an efficient H-K annulation to provide spiro-isoquinolinone-oxindoles in excellent yields. However, the corresponding conjugated ketimines afforded Michael adducts, which were converted to the corresponding alkylidenephthalides under TBAF conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallabita Basu
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nishikant Satam
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Soumyaranjan Pati
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Alati Suresh
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, Maharashtra, India
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Manikandan P, Agneswaran R, Pavunkumar V, Mohanakrishnan AK. A Formal (4 + 2) Cycloaddition of Phosphorus Ylides: Synthesis of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic 1,2-Diesters and Diones. Org Lett 2022; 24:4502-4506. [PMID: 35708208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heteroarylmethylenephosphorus ylides underwent Michael addition with alkynediones and alkynediesters, followed by intramolecular cyclization and elimination of triphenylphosphine oxide to afford 1,2-diaroylbenzenes and 1,2-alkoxycarbonylcarbo- and heterocycles. The analogous (4 + 2) cycloaddition led to the formation of 2,3-diaroylquinolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palani Manikandan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rudrasenan Agneswaran
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinayagam Pavunkumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
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Satam N, Basu P, Pati S, Namboothiri INN. Michael Addition‐Elimination and [4+1] Annulation of Sulfonylphthalide with Hydroxychalcones for the Synthesis of Alkylidenephthalides and Indanediones. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nishikant Satam
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Pallabita Basu
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Soumyaranjan Pati
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India
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Direct and selective synthesis of 3-arylphthalides via nickel-catalyzed aryl addition/intramolecular esterification. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Satham L, Suresh A, Namboothiri INN. Synthesis of Sulfonyloxindoles via Functional Group Exchange Between 3‐Sulfonylphthalide and Isatylidenemalononitrile. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alati Suresh
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400 076 India
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Satham L, Sankara CS, Namboothiri INN. A Morita–Baylis–Hillman Pathway to Wittig Products: One‐Pot Transformation of Nitroalkylideneoxindoles to Oxindolylidene‐Carboxylates. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Wood JM, Satam NS, Almeida RG, Cristani VS, de Lima DP, Dantas-Pereira L, Salomão K, Menna-Barreto RF, Namboothiri IN, Bower JF, da Silva Júnior EN. Strategies towards potent trypanocidal drugs: Application of Rh-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloadditions, sulfonyl phthalide annulation and nitroalkene reactions for the synthesis of substituted quinones and their evaluation against Trypanosoma cruzi. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Kraus GA, Wang S. Annulations with Butenolides and Phthalides: New Entries to Isocoumarins, 3,4-Dihydroisocoumarins, and Benzofurans. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The reactions of the anions of butenolides and substituted phthalides with sorbate esters and mono-epoxy sorbate esters furnish isocoumarins, 3,4-dihydroisocoumarins, and benzofurans. The yields range from 41% to 71%.
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Basu P, Satam N, Namboothiri INN. Synthesis of indenofurans, benzofurans and spiro-lactones via Hauser–Kraus annulation involving 1,6-addition of phthalide to quinone methides. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5677-5687. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01115k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Base mediated 1,6-addition–Dieckmann cyclization of phthalide with quinone methide leads to oxygen heterocycles such as indenofurans, spiro-lactones and benzofurans through a cascade of rearrangements involving multiple ring opening and ring closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallabita Basu
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
| | - Nishikant Satam
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
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12
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Suresh A, Baiju TV, Kumar T, Namboothiri INN. Synthesis of Spiro- and Fused Heterocycles via (4+4) Annulation of Sulfonylphthalide with o-Hydroxystyrenyl Derivatives. J Org Chem 2019; 84:3158-3168. [PMID: 30776237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An expedient one-pot protocol for the synthesis of functionalized benzofuran containing fused and spiro-heterocycles has been accomplished by the modified Hauser-Kraus (HK) annulation of sulfonylphthalide with o-hydroxychalcones and o-hydroxynitrostyrylisoxazoles. The multicascade process involves Michael addition, Dieckmann cyclization, and a series of cyclizations, eliminations, and rearrangements to deliver the fused and spiro-heterocyclic products. An unusual transformation of fused indenofuran to naphthoquinone, the classical HK adduct, unraveled a novel pathway for the synthesis unsymmetrical naphthoquinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alati Suresh
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai , 400076 , India
| | - Thekke V Baiju
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai , 400076 , India
| | - Tarun Kumar
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai , 400076 , India
| | - Irishi N N Namboothiri
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai , 400076 , India
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Galeev AR, Dmitriev MV, Mokrushin IG, Mashevskaya IV, Maslivets AN, Rubin M. Synthesis ofmeta-substituted anilinesviaa three-component reaction of acetone, amines, and 1,3-diketones. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:10030-10044. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02120e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A facilede novosynthesis ofmeta-substituted arylamines based on three-component cyclo-condensation/aromatization ofin situgenerated imines with 1,3-diketones is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Galeev
- Department of Chemistry
- Perm State University
- Perm
- Russian Federation
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Rubin
- Department of Chemistry
- North Caucasus Federal University
- Stavropol 355009
- Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry
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Mane V, Baiju TV, Namboothiri INN. Synthesis of Functionalized Thieno[2,3- b]indoles via One-Pot Reaction of Indoline-2-thiones with Morita-Baylis-Hillman and Rauhut-Currier Adducts of Nitroalkenes. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:17617-17628. [PMID: 31458362 PMCID: PMC6643647 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A straightforward protocol for the synthesis of functionalized thieno[2,3-b]indoles by base-mediated [3 + 2]-annulation of indoline-2-thione with Morita-Baylis-Hillman and Rauhut-Currier adducts of nitroalkenes is described. Complete regioselectivity, broad substrate scope, and mild reaction conditions make this strategy very valuable. Moreover, the thieno[2,3-b]indoles comprising functional groups such as hydrazine and ketoalkyl moieties are amenable for further synthetic elaboration.
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15
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Jiang YT, Yu ZZ, Zhang YK, Wang B. N-Bromosuccinimide-Induced C-H Bond Functionalization: An Intramolecular Cycloaromatization of Electron Withdrawing Group Substituted 1-Biphenyl-2-ylethanone for the Synthesis of 10-Phenanthrenol. Org Lett 2018; 20:3728-3731. [PMID: 29923730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An NBS-induced intramolecular cycloaromatization for the synthesis of 10-phenanthrenols from electron-withdrawing group substituted 1-biphenyl-2-ylethanones is described. The in situ generated bromide was designed to act as an initiator for the radical C-H bond activation. An oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction of a highly active C-H bond with an inert C-H bond readily occurs under mild conditions without the need for transition metals or strong oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road , Tianjin 300353 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road , Tianjin 300353 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road , Tianjin 300353 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road , Tianjin 300353 , People's Republic of China
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Quinonoid compounds via reactions of lawsone and 2-aminonaphthoquinone with α-bromonitroalkenes and nitroallylic acetates: Structural diversity by C-ring modification and cytotoxic evaluation against cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:686-704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Sivasankara C, Satham L, Namboothiri INN. One-Pot Construction of Functionalized Spiro-dihydronaphthoquinone-oxindoles via Hauser–Kraus Annulation of Sulfonylphthalide with 3-Alkylideneoxindoles. J Org Chem 2017; 82:12939-12944. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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