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Enantiocontrolled Preparation of ϒ-Substituted Cyclohexenones: Synthesis and Kinase Activity Assays of Cyclopropyl-Fused Cyclohexane Nucleosides. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179704. [PMID: 36077100 PMCID: PMC9456008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The enantioselective preparation of the two isomers of 4-hydroxy-2-cyclohexanone derivatives 1a,b was achieved, starting from a common cyclohexenone, through asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) reactions using bifunctional ruthenium catalysts. From these versatile intermediates, a stereoselective route to a cytosine analogue built on a bicyclo [4.1.0]heptane scaffold is described. Nucleoside kinase activity assays with this cyclopropyl-fused cyclohexane nucleoside, together with other related nucleosides (2a–e), were performed, showing that thymine- and guanine- containing compounds have affinity for herpes simplex virus Type 1 (HSV-1) thymidine kinase (TK) but not for human cytosolic TK-1, thus pointing to their selectivity for herpetic TKs but not cellular TKs.
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Xun W, Xu B. Synthetic Approaches of Aplykurodinone‐1: A Minireview. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xun
- Zhaoqing University School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Zhaoqing Avenue 526061 Zhaoqing CHINA
| | - Bo Xu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Chemistry CHINA
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Guo S, Wong KC, Scheeff S, He Z, Chan WTK, Low KH, Chiu P. Copper-Catalyzed Reductive Ireland-Claisen Rearrangements of Propargylic Acrylates and Allylic Allenoates. J Org Chem 2021; 87:429-452. [PMID: 34918517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The copper-catalyzed reductive Ireland-Claisen rearrangement of propargylic acrylates led to 3,4-allenoic acids. The use of silanes or pinacolborane as stoichiometric reducing agents and triethylphosphite as a ligand facilitated the divergent and complementary selectivity for the synthesis of diastereomeric anti- and syn-rearranged products, respectively. Copper-catalyzed reductive Ireland-Claisen rearrangement of allylic 2,3-allenoates proceeded effectively only when pinacolborane was used as a reductant to generate various 1,5-dienes in excellent yields and with good diastereoselectivities in some cases. Mechanistic studies showed that the silyl and boron enolates, rather than the copper enolate, underwent a stereospecific rearrangement via a chairlike transition state to afford the corresponding Claisen rearrangement products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Guo
- Department of Chemistry and The State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Kong Ching Wong
- Department of Chemistry and The State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Stephan Scheeff
- Department of Chemistry and The State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo He
- Department of Chemistry and The State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Wesley Ting Kwok Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- Department of Chemistry and The State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Pauline Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and The State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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4
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Computational planning of the synthesis of complex natural products. Nature 2020; 588:83-88. [PMID: 33049755 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2855-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Training algorithms to computationally plan multistep organic syntheses has been a challenge for more than 50 years1-7. However, the field has progressed greatly since the development of early programs such as LHASA1,7, for which reaction choices at each step were made by human operators. Multiple software platforms6,8-14 are now capable of completely autonomous planning. But these programs 'think' only one step at a time and have so far been limited to relatively simple targets, the syntheses of which could arguably be designed by human chemists within minutes, without the help of a computer. Furthermore, no algorithm has yet been able to design plausible routes to complex natural products, for which much more far-sighted, multistep planning is necessary15,16 and closely related literature precedents cannot be relied on. Here we demonstrate that such computational synthesis planning is possible, provided that the program's knowledge of organic chemistry and data-based artificial intelligence routines are augmented with causal relationships17,18, allowing it to 'strategize' over multiple synthetic steps. Using a Turing-like test administered to synthesis experts, we show that the routes designed by such a program are largely indistinguishable from those designed by humans. We also successfully validated three computer-designed syntheses of natural products in the laboratory. Taken together, these results indicate that expert-level automated synthetic planning is feasible, pending continued improvements to the reaction knowledge base and further code optimization.
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Zhou Y, Wang L, Yuan G, Liu S, Sun X, Yuan C, Yang Y, Bian Q, Wang M, Zhong J. Cobalt-Bisoxazoline-Catalyzed Enantioselective Cross-Coupling of α-Bromo Esters with Alkenyl Grignard Reagents. Org Lett 2020; 22:4532-4536. [PMID: 32432878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Gucheng Yuan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Shikuo Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Chaonan Yuan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiong Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Bian
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jiangchun Zhong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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6
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Peng Y, Sun Y, Wang B, Zhou Y, Huang S, Wang X. Formal synthesis of (±)-aplykurodinone-1 through an intramolecular Michael addition. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Zhang Q, Liang LF, Miao ZH, Wu B, Guo YW. Cytotoxic polyhydroxylated steroids from the South China Sea soft coral Lobophytum sp. Steroids 2019; 141:76-80. [PMID: 30513321 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Four new polyhydroxylated steroids lobophysterols A-D (1-4), together with two known related compounds sarcophytosterol (5) and klyflaccisteroid B (6), were isolated from the South China Sea soft coral Lobophytum sp. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and by comparison with those reported in the literature. In bioassay, compound 4 showed weak cytotoxicities against HT-29, SNU-398, and Capan-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555, Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lin-Fu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555, Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Ze-Hong Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555, Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555, Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China; Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei, Jimo, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Lee JH, Cho CG. H-Bonding Mediated Asymmetric Intramolecular Diels–Alder Reaction in the Formal Synthesis of (+)-Aplykurodinone-1. Org Lett 2018; 20:7312-7316. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Ho Lee
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, 222 Wangshimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Cheon-Gyu Cho
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, 222 Wangshimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea
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