1
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Su Y, Huang J, Guo Q, Shi H, Wei M, Wang C, Zhao K, Bao T. Combined metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals the characteristics of the lignan in Isatis indigotica Fortune. Gene 2023; 888:147752. [PMID: 37661029 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Isatis indigotica Fortune is a plant species containing lignan compounds of significant economic value. Its root plays a crucial role in treating viruses and exhibits antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and other biological activities. Now, I. indigotica has been included in Isatis tinctoria Linnaeus. In this study, the roots of diploid I. indigotica, tetraploid I. indigotica, and Isatis tinctoria Linnaeus were analyzed using metabolome and transcriptome analysis. The metabolomic analysis detected 48 lignan metabolites, including Lirioresinol A, Vladinol A, Syringaresinol, Arctigenin, Acanthoside B, and Sesamin as characteristic compounds, without significant variations among the remaining metabolites. The transcriptomic analysis identified 41 differentially expressed phenylpropanoid synthase genes, which were further analyzed for variations in lignan transcriptome profiles across different samples. RT-qPCR analysis also revealed differential genes expression related to lignan biosynthesis pathway among the three sample groups. The analysis of transcription factors showed that the AP2-EREBP family (Iin24319), MYB family (Iin24843), and WRKY family (Iin08158) displayed expression patterns similar to Iin14549. Phylogenetic analyses also indicate that Iin14549 may play a role in lignan synthesis. These transcription factor families exhibited high expression in tetraploid I. indigotica, moderate expression in diploid I. indigotica, and low expression in I. tinctoria. The findings of this study can serve as a reference for improving the quality of I. indigotica and developing germplasms with high lignan content. Additionally, these results lay a foundation for the functional characterization of UGTs in lignan biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Su
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 210095, PR China
| | - Jiabin Huang
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 210095, PR China
| | - Qiaosheng Guo
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 210095, PR China.
| | - Hongzhuan Shi
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 210095, PR China
| | - Min Wei
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 210095, PR China; China Resources Sanjiu Medical & Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province 518000, PR China
| | - Chengxiang Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 210095, PR China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 210095, PR China
| | - Tao Bao
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 210095, PR China
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2
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Volkov PA, Khrapova KO, Vyi EM, Telezhkin AA, Bidusenko IA, Albanov AI, Schmidt EY, Trofimov BA. Dihydropyrrole-3-thiones: one-pot synthesis from propargylamines, acyl chlorides and sodium sulfide. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6903-6913. [PMID: 37581533 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01061a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
An efficient one-pot synthesis of 1,2,5-trisubstituted-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrole-3-thiones (up to 91% yield), representatives of essentially new heterocyclic systems, by the successive treatment of available propargylamines with acyl chlorides (PdCl2/CuI/Ph3P/Et3N, toluene, 40-45 °C, 3 h) and sodium sulfide (Na2S·9H2O, EtOH, 20-25 °C, 7 h) has been developed. The synthesis comprises the addition of sulfide anions to the formed aminoacetylenic ketones followed by dehydrative cyclization of the prototropically rearranged adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A Volkov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation.
| | - Kseniya O Khrapova
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation.
| | - Ekaterina M Vyi
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation.
| | - Anton A Telezhkin
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation.
| | - Ivan A Bidusenko
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander I Albanov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation.
| | - Elena Yu Schmidt
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation.
| | - Boris A Trofimov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation.
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3
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Liyu J, Kim SW, Söhnel T, Sperry J. Progress toward a biomimetic synthesis of pegaharmaline A. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1275-1283. [PMID: 35072668 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02372a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Efforts towards a biomimetic synthesis of the alkaloid pegaharmaline A began with attempted validation of the putative biosynthesis described in the isolation report. The reaction between vasicinone-derived pyrroloquinazoline 1 and tryptamines 2 and 9 proceeded under aqueous conditions at ambient temperature, forming the 1,6,10-triazaspiro[4.5]dec-7-anes 7 and 8. Alternative pyrroloquinazoline precursors were subsequently investigated; the reaction between dehydrodimethylisovasicinone (10) and tryptamine (9) led to the ring-opened product 13 that could not be converted into pegaharmaline A scaffold under Bischler-Napieralski conditions. The Pictet-Spengler reaction between a model isovasicinone (22) and tryptamine (9) was successful, but the resulting tetrahydro-β-carboline could not be converted into the natural product. These studies suggest an alternative biosynthetic pathway is potentially operating, while structural revision of the natural product cannot be ruled out at this time. As vasicinones and tryptamines are widely distributed throughout Nature, the novel scaffolds reported herein may be undiscovered natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Liyu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Shi-Wei Kim
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Tilo Söhnel
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Jonathan Sperry
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand.
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4
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Sara AA, Um-e-Farwa UEF, Saeed A, Kalesse M. Recent Applications of the Diels–Alder Reaction in the Synthesis of Natural Products (2017–2020). SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1532-4763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe Diels–Alder reaction has long been established as an extremely useful procedure in the toolbox of natural product chemists. It tolerates a wide spectrum of building blocks of different complexity and degrees of derivatization, and enables the formation of six-membered rings with well-defined stereochemistry. In recent years, many total syntheses of natural products have been reported that rely, at some point, on the use of a [4+2]-cycloaddition step. Among classic approaches, several modifications of the Diels–Alder reaction, such as hetero-Diels–Alder reactions, dehydro-Diels–Alder reactions and domino-Diels–Alder reactions, have been employed to extend the scope of this process in the synthesis of natural products. Our short review covers applications of the Diels–Alder reaction in natural product syntheses between 2017 and 2020, as well as selected methodologies which are inspired by, or that can be used to access natural products.1 Introduction2 Syntheses from 20173 Syntheses from 20184 Syntheses from 20195 Syntheses from 20206 Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aamer Saeed
- Quaid-I-Azam University, Department of Chemistry
| | - Markus Kalesse
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Organische Chemie
- Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (HZI)
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5
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Chen W, Zhou H, Ren BH, Ren WM, Lu XB. COS-triggered oxygen/sulfur exchange of isatins: chemoselective synthesis of functionalized isoindigos and spirothiopyrans via self-condensation and the thio-Diels-Alder reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 20:678-685. [PMID: 34939627 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02157e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present the first organocatalytic oxygen/sulfur atom exchange reaction (O/S ER) of isatins by employing carbonyl sulfide (COS) as a novel sulfuring reagent under mild reaction conditions. 8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) exhibited excellent activity in this approach. Remarkably, the chemical transformations of in situ generated 3-thioisatins can be tuned via the judicious choice of reaction solvents in a one pot process, enabling the selective formation of either functionalized isoindigos in CH3CN via a self-condensation process or spirothiopyrans in DMSO in the presence of conjugated dienes via the thio-Diels-Alder reaction. Mechanistic studies with experimental and density functional theory approaches revealed that the O/S ER between isatins and COS results in the formation of 3-thioisatins as the key intermediates, which further undergo solvent-controlled transformations to generate isoindigos or spirothiopyrans, respectively. The easily-accessible substrates and operational simplicity make the process suitable for further exploration. The practicality of this transformation was demonstrated by the gram-scale synthesis of isoindigo-based drug molecules and donor-acceptor conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Hui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Bai-Hao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Wei-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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6
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Heravi MM, Abedian‐Dehaghani N, Zadsirjan V, Rangraz Y. Catalytic Function of Cu (I) and Cu (II) in Total Synthesis of Alkaloids. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid M. Heravi
- Department of Chemistry School of Physics and Chemistry Alzahra University, PO.Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran
| | - Neda Abedian‐Dehaghani
- Department of Chemistry School of Physics and Chemistry Alzahra University, PO.Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry School of Physics and Chemistry Alzahra University, PO.Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran
| | - Yalda Rangraz
- Department of Chemistry School of Physics and Chemistry Alzahra University, PO.Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran
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7
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Davison EK, Shepperson CE, Wilson ZE, Brimble MA. Scalable Biomimetic Syntheses of Paeciloketal B, 1- epi-Paeciloketal B, and Bysspectin A. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:2345-2351. [PMID: 34351758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of the benzannulated 5,5-spiroketal natural products paeciloketal B and 1-epi-paeciloketal B has been achieved in 10 linear steps employing a biomimetic spiroketalization. This approach also furnished the related natural product bysspectin A from the same putative biosynthetic precursor as the paeciloketals. Alternatively, bysspectin A could be accessed in only six steps using an improved route. This scalable and efficient synthesis affords insight into the biosynthesis of these natural products in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma K Davison
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- The Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Caitlin E Shepperson
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Zoe E Wilson
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- The Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- The Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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8
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Kim SW, Hume PA, Sperry J. Bioinspired Synthesis of the Furopyrazine Alkaloid Hyrtioseragamine A. J Org Chem 2021; 86:4779-4785. [PMID: 33686852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A biosynthetic hypothesis proposed herein was used to guide the total synthesis of the marine-derived alkaloid hyrtioseragamine A. In the key biomimetic step, an enedione underwent acid-mediated isomerization-cyclodehydration to form the rare furopyrazine core of the natural product. The spectroscopic data for the synthetic sample is in full agreement with that described in the isolation report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Wei Kim
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Paul A Hume
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6010, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Sperry
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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9
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Prystupa M, Söhnel T, Sperry J. Synthetic Studies toward Bisindigotin: Polyheteroaromatic Scaffolds via Skeletal Rearrangements of a Diacetoxytetraindole. J Org Chem 2021; 86:74-78. [PMID: 33296198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The deacetylation of a diacetoxytetraindole formed the basis of a first-generation synthetic route toward the alkaloid bisindigotin. However, this conceptually straightforward plan led to unexpected results. Acid-mediated hydrolysis initiated skeletal rearrangement processes that resulted in the formation of two novel heteroaromatic scaffolds, both of which contain nine rings. Upon treating the same diacetoxytetraindole with base followed by a silica-mediated autoxidation, a distinct cascade process occurred, generating another novel scaffold also comprising nine rings. A mechanistic rationale for these observations is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurycy Prystupa
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1000, New Zealand
| | - Tilo Söhnel
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1000, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Sperry
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1000, New Zealand
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10
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Jaiswal V, Mondal B, Saha J. Recent Developments on the Synthesis of Various Sulfur‐Containing Heterocycles via [3+2]‐ and [4+2]‐Cycloaddition Reactions with Thiocarbonyls. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Jaiswal
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus. Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Biplab Mondal
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus. Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Jaideep Saha
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus. Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 Uttar Pradesh India
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11
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Anstis DG, Lindsay AC, Söhnel T, Sperry J. Synthesis of the 1,2,4-Thiadiazole Alkaloid Polyaurine B. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:1721-1724. [PMID: 32297745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A short synthesis of the natural product polyaurine B is described. The 1,2,4-thiadiazole heterocycle was assembled using a Cu(II)-mediated heterocyclization reaction that forges the N-S bond. The final acylation step to install the methylcarbamate must be conducted under anhydrous, nonbasic conditions to prevent thiadiazole ring opening initiated by attack of hydroxide at C-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Anstis
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Ashley C Lindsay
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Tilo Söhnel
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Sperry
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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12
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Lautié E, Russo O, Ducrot P, Boutin JA. Unraveling Plant Natural Chemical Diversity for Drug Discovery Purposes. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:397. [PMID: 32317969 PMCID: PMC7154113 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The screening and testing of extracts against a variety of pharmacological targets in order to benefit from the immense natural chemical diversity is a concern in many laboratories worldwide. And several successes have been recorded in finding new actives in natural products, some of which have become new drugs or new sources of inspiration for drugs. But in view of the vast amount of research on the subject, it is surprising that not more drug candidates were found. In our view, it is fundamental to reflect upon the approaches of such drug discovery programs and the technical processes that are used, along with their inherent difficulties and biases. Based on an extensive survey of recent publications, we discuss the origin and the variety of natural chemical diversity as well as the strategies to having the potential to embrace this diversity. It seemed to us that some of the difficulties of the area could be related with the technical approaches that are used, so the present review begins with synthetizing some of the more used discovery strategies, exemplifying some key points, in order to address some of their limitations. It appears that one of the challenges of natural product-based drug discovery programs should be an easier access to renewable sources of plant-derived products. Maximizing the use of the data together with the exploration of chemical diversity while working on reasonable supply of natural product-based entities could be a way to answer this challenge. We suggested alternative ways to access and explore part of this chemical diversity with in vitro cultures. We also reinforced how important it was organizing and making available this worldwide knowledge in an "inventory" of natural products and their sources. And finally, we focused on strategies based on synthetic biology and syntheses that allow reaching industrial scale supply. Approaches based on the opportunities lying in untapped natural plant chemical diversity are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Lautié
- Centro de Valorização de Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia (CVACBA)-Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Olivier Russo
- Institut de Recherches Internationales SERVIER, Suresnes, France
| | - Pierre Ducrot
- Molecular Modelling Department, 'PEX Biotechnologie, Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jean A Boutin
- Institut de Recherches Internationales SERVIER, Suresnes, France
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13
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Devlin R, Sperry J. Biomimetic synthesis of nudicaulins I and II, yellow pigments from the Iceland poppy Papaver nudicaule. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13594-13597. [PMID: 31657378 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07943b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Indole and the anthocyanin orientalin proceed through a unique cascade sequence that leads to nudicaulins I and II in 92% yield. This biomimetic synthesis confirms the biosynthesis proposal for these structurally unprecedented flavoalkaloids that play a key role in the colour range displayed by the Iceland poppy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory Devlin
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Jonathan Sperry
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand.
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14
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Guo Q, Xu C, Chen M, Lin S, Li Y, Zhu C, Jiang J, Yang Y, Shi J. Sulfur-enriched alkaloids from the root of Isatis indigotica. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:933-943. [PMID: 30505662 PMCID: PMC6251858 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Five new sulfur-enriched alkaloids isatithioetherins A-E (1-5), and two pairs of scalemic enantiomers (+)- and (-)-isatithiopyrin B (6a and 6b) and isoepigoitrin and isogoitrin (7a and 7b), along with the known scalemic enantiomers epigoitrin and goitrin (8a and 8b), were isolated and characterized from an aqueous extract of the Isatis indigotica roots. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic data analysis, including 2D NMR and theoretical calculations of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra based on the quantum-mechanical time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). Compounds 1-5 represent a novel group of sulfur-enriched alkaloids, biogenetically originating from stereoselective assemblies of epigoitrin-derived units. Isolation and structure characterization of 6a and 6b support the postulated biosynthetic pathways for the diastereomers 9a and 9b via a rare thio-Diels-Alder reaction. Compounds 2 and 4 showed antiviral activity against the influenza virus A/Hanfang/359/95 (H3N2, IC50 0.60 and 1.92 μmol/L) and the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1, IC50 3.70 and 2.87 μmol/L), and 2 also inhibited Coxsackie virus B3 (IC50 0.71 μmol/L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chengbo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Minghua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuhuan Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chenggen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yongchun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jiangong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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15
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Homer JA, Sperry J. Biomimetic synthesis of the bisindole framework present in sciodole, an alkaloid fromTricholoma sciodes. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:6882-6885. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02142b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The unique bisindole bond present in the alkaloid sciodole can be forged by amination of an azafulvene, validating a biosynthetic hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Homer
- School of Chemical Sciences
- 23 Symonds Street
- University of Auckland
- Auckland
- New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Sperry
- School of Chemical Sciences
- 23 Symonds Street
- University of Auckland
- Auckland
- New Zealand
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