1
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Wang XL, Yang Y, Jiang Y. In(OTf) 3-catalyzed formal (4 + 3) cycloaddition reactions of 3-benzylideneindoline-2-thiones with 2-indolylmethanols. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 38980693 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00897a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
We report the In(OTf)3-catalyzed formal (4 + 3) cycloaddition of 3-benzylideneindoline-2-thiones with 2-indolylmethanols. This reaction not only broadens the synthetic utility of 3-benzylideneindoline-2-thiones as scarce indole-based sulfur-containing four-atom building blocks, but also provides a rapid and facile access to synthesize diindole-annulated tetrahydrothiepines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry of Sichuan Institutes of Higher Education, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry of Sichuan Institutes of Higher Education, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry of Sichuan Institutes of Higher Education, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
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2
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Parui N, Mandal T, Maiti S, Dash J. Efficient Synthesis of Cyclohepta[b]indoles and Cyclohepta[b]indole-Indoline Conjugates via RCM, Hydrogenation, and Acid-Catalyzed Ring Expansion: A Biomimetic Approach. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401059. [PMID: 38623002 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Cyclohepta[b]indoles, prevalent in natural products and pharmaceuticals, are conventionally accessed via metal or Lewis acid-mediated cycloadditions with prefunctionalized substrates. Our study introduces an innovative sequential catalytic assembly for synthesizing cyclohepta[b]indoles from readily available isatin derivatives. The process involves three catalytic sequences: ring-closing metathesis, catalytic hydrogenation, and acid-catalyzed ring expansion. The RCM of 2,2-dialkene-3-oxindoles, formed by butenyl Grignard addition to 3-allyl-3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles, yields versatile spirocyclohexene-3-oxindole derivatives. These derivatives undergo further transformations, including dibromination, dihydroxylation, epoxidation, Wacker oxidation at the double bond. Hydrogenation of spirocyclohexene-3-oxindole yields spirocyclohexane-3-oxindoles. Their subsequent acid-catalyzed ring expansion/aromatization, dependent on the acid catalyst, results in either cyclohepta[b]indoles or cyclohepta[b]indole-indoline conjugates, adding a unique synthetic dimension. The utility of this methodology is exemplified through the synthesis of an A-FABP inhibitor, showcasing its potential in pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabin Parui
- School of chemical sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Tirtha Mandal
- School of chemical sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Sandip Maiti
- School of chemical sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Jyotirmayee Dash
- School of chemical sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, 700032, Kolkata, India
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3
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Baruah B, Pegu CD, Deb ML. Indole as a Versatile Building Block in Cycloaddition Reactions: Synthesis of Diverse Heterocyclic Frameworks. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:18. [PMID: 38758483 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Indole, a ubiquitous and structurally versatile aromatic compound, has emerged as a key player in the synthesis of diverse heterocyclic frameworks via cycloaddition reactions. These reactions are completely atom-economical and, hence, are considered as green reactions. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the pivotal role played by indole in the construction of complex and biologically relevant heterocyclic compounds. Here we explore the chemistry of indole-based cycloadditions, highlighting their synthetic utility in accessing a wide array of heterocyclic architectures, including cyclohepta[b]indoles, tetrahydrocarbazoles, tetrahydroindolo[3,2-c]quinoline, and indolines, among others. Additionally, we discuss the mechanistic insights that underpin these transformations, emphasizing the strategic importance of indole as a building block. The content of this article will certainly encourage the readers to explore more work in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajita Baruah
- Department of Chemistry, Pandu College, Guwahati, Assam, 781012, India.
| | - Choitanya Dev Pegu
- Department of Chemistry, Madhabdev University, Lakhimpur, Assam, 784164, India
| | - Mohit L Deb
- Advanced Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Ri-Bhoi, Meghalaya, 793101, India.
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4
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Gharpure SJ, Kumari S. Cascade radical cyclization on 3-propargyl-2-alkenyl indole gives stereoselective access to cyclohepta[ b]indole over carbazole. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:538-541. [PMID: 38050781 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05237k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
A protecting group-dependent diastereoselective synthesis of cyclohepta[b]indole over carbazole derivatives is developed. This strategy involves a regioselective 6-exo-trig radical cyclization-cyclopropanation-ring expansion cascade of 3-propargyl-2-alkenyl indole. The cascade radical cyclization was also performed on indole derivatives possessing alkyne, acrylate and vinylogous carbamate moieties, which delivered pyridocarbazole giving credence to the mechanistic hypothesis. Furthermore, cyclohepta[b]indole could be selectively converted to sulfone and sulfoxide as well as benzoazulenoindole via intramolecular Friedel-Crafts acylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh J Gharpure
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| | - Sanyog Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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5
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Iqbal N, Ashraf MA, Gul AR, Bae J, Iqbal N, Park TJ, Cho EJ. Construction of a Pentacyclic Framework Enabled by Nickel Catalysis. Org Lett 2023; 25:647-652. [PMID: 36682059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel nickel-catalyzed reaction of indole-tethered 2-alkynylphenol esters with various (hetero)aryl boronic acids, resulting in the synthesis of diversely functionalized pentacyclic benzofurocyclohepta[b]indole derivatives. This unprecedented cascade reaction involves the arylative cyclization of alkynes, nucleophilic attack of the indole moiety on the oxonium ion intermediate, 1,2-alkyl group migration, and aromatization. The synthesized molecules exhibit exceptional cytotoxicity against multiple cancer cell lines while maintaining biocompatibility toward healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Awais Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Anam Rana Gul
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehan Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Naila Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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6
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Zhu DX, Xu MH. Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed Direct Enantioselective C-H Functionalization of Indoles. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 36724384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A highly regiospecific vinylogous carbene insertion protocol for direct asymmetric C-H functionalization of indoles with arylvinyldiazoacetates has been developed. Under the catalysis of simple Rh(I)/chiral diene complexes, the reaction occurs solely at the vinylogous position of the vinylcarbenoid with exceptional E selectivity and enantiocontrol. It provides an efficient way to obtain an interesting class of chiral indole scaffolds bearing an α,β-unsaturated ester unit and a gem-diaryl carbon stereocenter in good yields (≤99%) with excellent enantioselectivities (≤96%) at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Xing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ming-Hua Xu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Boulevard, Shenzhen 518055, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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7
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Mishra DR, Panda BS, Nayak S, Panda J, Mohapatra S. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of 5‐Membered
N
‐Heterocycles via Rhodium Catalysed Cascade Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak R. Mishra
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
| | - Bhabani S. Panda
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
| | - Sabita Nayak
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
| | - Jasmine Panda
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
| | - Seetaram Mohapatra
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
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8
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Elshaier YA, Nemr MTM, Al Refaey M, Fadaly WAA, Barakat A. Chemistry of 2-Vinylindoles: Synthesis and Applications. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00460g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As a class of compounds, 2-vinylindoles have demonstrated a wide range of biological properties. Due to the general interest in these synthons, new divergent protocols of chemical synthesis have been...
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9
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Xiao JA, Peng H, Liang JS, Meng RF, Su W, Xiao Q, Yang H. Gold/scandium bimetallic relay catalysis of formal [5+2]- and [4+2]-annulations: access to tetracyclic indole scaffolds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13369-13372. [PMID: 34821245 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05658a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Regiodivergent formal [5+2]- and [4+2]-annulation reactions of indole derivatives with 2-(2-alkynyl)aryl cyclopropane-1,1-diesters (ACPs) have been developed. A series of tetracyclic indole derivatives were delivered in a 77% average yield with excellent regioselectivities enabled by Au(I)/Sc(III) bimetallic relay catalysis. A gram-scale reaction and further transformation of the resulting tetracyclic indoles demonstrated the practical utility of this protocol. Moreover, the photophysical properties of the obtained multicyclic compounds were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-An Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China.
| | - Hai Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China.
| | - Jin-Shao Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China.
| | - Ru-Fang Meng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China.
| | - Qi Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China.
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China.
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gierok
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie Technische Universität Dortmund 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Lars Benedix
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie Technische Universität Dortmund 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Martin Hiersemann
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie Technische Universität Dortmund 44227 Dortmund Germany
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11
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Trost BM, Zuo Z, Schultz JE. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Cycloaddition Reactions to Access Seven-Membered Rings. Chemistry 2020; 26:15354-15377. [PMID: 32705722 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The efficient and selective synthesis of functionalized seven-membered rings remains an important pursuit within synthetic organic chemistry, as this motif appears in numerous drug-like molecules and natural products. Use of cycloaddition reactions remains an attractive approach for their construction within the perspective of atom and step economy. Additionally, the ability to combine multiple components in a single reaction has the potential to allow for efficient combinatorial strategies of diversity-oriented synthesis. The inherent entropic penalty associated with achieving these transformations has impressively been overcome with development of catalysis, whereby the reaction components can be pre-organized through activation by transition-metal-catalysis. The fine-tuning of metal/ligand combinations as well as reaction conditions allows for achieving chemo-, regio-, diastereo- and enantioselectivity in these transformations. Herein, we discuss recent advances in transition-metal-catalyzed construction of seven-membered rings via combination of 2-4 components mediated by a variety of metals. An emphasis is placed on the mechanistic aspects of these transformations to both illustrate the state of the science and to highlight the unique application of novel processes of transition-metals in these transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305-5080, USA
| | - Zhijun Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305-5080, USA
| | - Johnathan E Schultz
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
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12
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Tymann DC, Benedix L, Iovkova L, Pallach R, Henke S, Tymann D, Hiersemann M. Photochemical Approach to the Cyclohepta[b]indole Scaffold by Annulative Two-Carbon Ring-Expansion. Chemistry 2020; 26:11974-11978. [PMID: 32463529 PMCID: PMC7540574 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report on the implementation of the concept of a photochemically elicited two-carbon homologation of a π-donor-π-acceptor substituted chromophore by triple-bond insertion. Implementing a phenyl connector between the slide-in module and the chromophore enabled the synthesis of cylohepta[b]indole-type building blocks by a metal-free annulative one-pot two-carbon ring expansion of the five-membered chromophore. Post-irradiative structural elaboration provided founding members of the indolo[2,3-d]tropone family of compounds. Control experiments in combination with computational chemistry on this multibond reorganization process founded the basis for a mechanistic hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lars Benedix
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieTU Dortmund44227DortmundGermany
| | - Lyuba Iovkova
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieTU Dortmund44227DortmundGermany
| | - Roman Pallach
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieTU Dortmund44227DortmundGermany
| | - Sebastian Henke
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieTU Dortmund44227DortmundGermany
| | - David Tymann
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieTU Dortmund44227DortmundGermany
| | - Martin Hiersemann
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieTU Dortmund44227DortmundGermany
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13
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Selvaraj K, Chauhan S, Sandeep K, Swamy KCK. Advances in [4+3]‐Annulation/Cycloaddition Reactions Leading to Homo‐ and Heterocycles with Seven‐Membered Rings. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2380-2402. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karuppu Selvaraj
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Hyderabad Hyderabad-500046 Telangana India
| | - Sachin Chauhan
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Hyderabad Hyderabad-500046 Telangana India
| | - K. Sandeep
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Hyderabad Hyderabad-500046 Telangana India
| | - K. C. Kumara Swamy
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Hyderabad Hyderabad-500046 Telangana India
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14
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Fang R, Yang L, Zhou L, Kirillov AM, Yang L. Carbocation versus Carbene Controlled Chemoselectivity: DFT Study on Gold- and Silver-Catalyzed Alkylation/Cyclopropanation of Indoles with Vinyl Diazoesters. Org Lett 2020; 22:4043-4048. [PMID: 32356993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations were performed to investigate the catalyst-controlled selective functionalization of indoles with vinyl diazoacetates. The detailed reaction mechanism was established, and different roles of carboncation or carbene intermediates in defining an experimentally observed chemo- and regioselectivity were fully rationalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Fang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Alexander M Kirillov
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal.,Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya st., Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Lizi Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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15
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Yang WL, Li W, Yang ZT, Deng WP. Organocatalytic Regiodivergent Ring Expansion of Cyclobutanones for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Azepino[1,2-a]indoles and Cyclohepta[b]indoles. Org Lett 2020; 22:4026-4032. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Lin Yang
- School of Pharmacy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Pharmacy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhong-Tao Yang
- School of Pharmacy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei-Ping Deng
- School of Pharmacy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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16
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Zheng X, Sun H, Yang WL, Deng WP. Elaboration of phosphoramidite ligands enabling palladium-catalyzed diastereo- and enantioselective all carbon [4+3] cycloaddition. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9718-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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17
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Abstract
A (4+3)-cycloaddition combines a four-atom synthon and three-atom synthon to form seven-membered rings. In the past decade, many improvements have been made to this class of cycloaddition, including excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities, both intra- and intermolecularly. Through the strategic use of transition-metal catalysts, acids, bases, and organocatalysts, it is possible to perform the cycloaddition on a variety of substrates, generating novel seven-membered rings. With these advances, (4+3)-cycloaddition has also been applied to the synthesis of biologically relevant compounds and natural products. We exclude the cycloadditions of cyclic dienes such as furan, pyrrole, cyclohexadiene or cyclopentadiene as Chiu, Harmata, Mascareñas and others have recently published thorough reviews on that topic. We will however discuss the recent additions (2009–2020) to the literature for the (4+3)-cycloadditions involving other types of four-atom synthons.1 Introduction2 Rhodium2.1 Cyclopropanation/Cope Rearrangement2.2 C–H activation3 Gold, Silver4 Copper5 Palladium, Platinum, Iridium6 Dual-Activation7 Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lautens
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto
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18
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Pirovano V, Brambilla E, Moretti A, Rizzato S, Abbiati G, Nava D, Rossi E. Synthesis of Cyclohepta[ b]indoles by (4 + 3) Cycloaddition of 2-Vinylindoles or 4 H-Furo[3,2- b]indoles with Oxyallyl Cations. J Org Chem 2020; 85:3265-3276. [PMID: 31975604 PMCID: PMC7997566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The synthesis of cyclohepta[b]indole derivatives
through the dearomative (4 + 3) cycloaddition reaction of 2-vinylindoles
or 4H-furo[3,2-b]indoles with in
situ generated oxyallyl cations is reported. Oxyallyl cations are
generated from α-bromoketones in the presence of a base and
a perfluorinated solvent. Cyclohepta[b]indole scaffolds
are obtained under mild reaction conditions, in the absence of expensive
catalysts, starting from simple reagents, in good to excellent yields
and with complete diasteroselectivity. Preliminary expansion of the
scope to 3-vinylindoles and to aza-oxyallyl cations is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pirovano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche-Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Brambilla
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche-Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Moretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche-Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Rizzato
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giorgio Abbiati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche-Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Donatella Nava
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche-Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Rossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche-Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
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19
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Yang P, Xu R, Zheng C, You S. Pd‐Catalyzed Dearomatization of Indole Derivatives
via
Intermolecular Heck Reactions
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Ren‐Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Shu‐Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
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20
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Wang Z, Xu G, Tang S, Shao Y, Sun J. Catalyst-Controlled Selective Alkylation/Cyclopropanation of Indoles with Vinyl Diazoesters. Org Lett 2019; 21:8488-8491. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Guangyang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Shengbiao Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Ying Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Jiangtao Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
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21
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Guan XK, Zhang H, Gao JG, Sun DY, Qin XS, Jiang GF, Zhang GL, Zhang S. Asymmetric Synthesis of 1,1,1-Triarylethanes by Chiral Imidodiphosphoric Acid Catalyzed Nucleophilic Addition of Pyrrole and Indoles to 3-Vinylindoles. J Org Chem 2019; 84:12562-12572. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Kai Guan
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ji-Gang Gao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Dong-Yang Sun
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiang-Shuo Qin
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Guo-Feng Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Guang-Liang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Suoqin Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
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22
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Parker AN, Martin MC, Shenje R, France S. Calcium-Catalyzed Formal [5 + 2] Cycloadditions of Alkylidene β-Ketoesters with Olefins: Chemodivergent Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Cyclohepta[b]indole Derivatives. Org Lett 2019; 21:7268-7273. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel N. Parker
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - M. Cynthia Martin
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Raynold Shenje
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Stefan France
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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23
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Häfner M, Sokolenko YM, Gamerdinger P, Stempel E, Gaich T. Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclohepta[b]indoles via Pd-Catalyzed Cyclopropane C(sp3)–H Activation as a Key Step. Org Lett 2019; 21:7370-7374. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Häfner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Yevhenii M. Sokolenko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Paul Gamerdinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Erik Stempel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Tanja Gaich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
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24
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Guan XK, Liu GF, An D, Zhang H, Zhang SQ. Chiral Imidodiphosphoric Acid-Catalyzed Highly Diastereo- and Enantioselective Synthesis of Poly-Substituted 3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyrans: [4 + 2] Cycloadditions of β,γ-Unsaturated α-Ketoesters and 3-Vinylindoles. Org Lett 2019; 21:5438-5442. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Kai Guan
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Guo-Feng Liu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Dong An
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Suo-Qin Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
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25
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Ding L, Gao RD, You SL. Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Intermolecular Asymmetric Cascade Dearomatization Reaction of Indoles with Propargyl Carbonate. Chemistry 2019; 25:4330-4334. [PMID: 30694590 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An intermolecular asymmetric cascade dearomatization reaction of indole derivatives with propargyl carbonate was developed. The challenges associated with both the chemoselectivity between the carbon and nitrogen nucleophile and the enantioselective control during the formation of an all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center were well addressed by a Pd catalytic system derived from the Feringa ligand. A series of enantioenriched multiply substituted fused indolenines were provided in good yields (71-86 %) with excellent enantioselectivity (91-96 % ee) and chemoselectivity (3/4>19:1 in most cases).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ding
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Run-Duo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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26
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Liu Y, Wu J, Qian B, Shang Y. Controllable construction of isoquinolinedione and isocoumarin scaffolds via RhIII-catalyzed C–H annulation of N-tosylbenzamides with diazo compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:8768-8777. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01789e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An efficient protocol for the synthesis of isoquinolinediones by RhIII-catalyzed C–H activation/annulation/decarboxylation of N-tosylbenzamides with diazo compounds is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education)
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu 241002
| | - Jiaping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education)
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu 241002
| | - Baiyang Qian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education)
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu 241002
| | - Yongjia Shang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education)
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu 241002
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27
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Takeda T, Harada S, Okabe A, Nishida A. Cyclohepta[ b]indole Synthesis through [5 + 2] Cycloaddition: Bifunctional Indium(III)-Catalyzed Stereoselective Construction of 7-Membered Ring Fused Indoles. J Org Chem 2018; 83:11541-11551. [PMID: 30179462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new approach for the synthesis of highly functionalized tetrahydrocyclohepta[ b]indoles through [5 + 2] cycloaddition was developed. Two carbon-carbon bonds were formed by the simple addition of an indium catalyst, which acted as both a π-Lewis acid and σ-Lewis acid to activate the alkyne and unsaturated ester, respectively. The reaction could be applied to various substrates and proceeded regio- and diastereoselectively in all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Takeda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Chiba University , 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku , 263-8522 Chiba , Japan
| | - Shinji Harada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Chiba University , 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku , 263-8522 Chiba , Japan.,Molecular Chirality Research Center , Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku , 263-8522 Chiba , Japan
| | - Akito Okabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Chiba University , 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku , 263-8522 Chiba , Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Chiba University , 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku , 263-8522 Chiba , Japan.,Molecular Chirality Research Center , Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku , 263-8522 Chiba , Japan
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28
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Gelis C, Levitre G, Merad J, Retailleau P, Neuville L, Masson G. Highly Diastereo- and Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclohepta[b
]indoles by Chiral-Phosphoric-Acid-Catalyzed (4+3) Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12121-12125. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Gelis
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS; Univ. Paris-Sud; 1 Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Guillaume Levitre
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS; Univ. Paris-Sud; 1 Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Jérémy Merad
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS; Univ. Paris-Sud; 1 Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS; Univ. Paris-Sud; 1 Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Luc Neuville
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS; Univ. Paris-Sud; 1 Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Géraldine Masson
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS; Univ. Paris-Sud; 1 Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
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29
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Gelis C, Levitre G, Merad J, Retailleau P, Neuville L, Masson G. Highly Diastereo- and Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclohepta[b
]indoles by Chiral-Phosphoric-Acid-Catalyzed (4+3) Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Gelis
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS; Univ. Paris-Sud; 1 Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Guillaume Levitre
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS; Univ. Paris-Sud; 1 Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Jérémy Merad
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS; Univ. Paris-Sud; 1 Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS; Univ. Paris-Sud; 1 Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Luc Neuville
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS; Univ. Paris-Sud; 1 Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Géraldine Masson
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS; Univ. Paris-Sud; 1 Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
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30
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Qiu H, Arman H, Hu W, Doyle MP. Intramolecular cycloaddition/rearrangement cascade from gold(iii)-catalysed reactions of propargyl aryldiazoesters with cinnamyl imines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12828-12831. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07885h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Surprising rearrangement of dihydroazepinyl aryldiazoacetates from a gold-catalysed [4+3]-cycloaddition to conjugated cycloheptene-1,4-dione-enamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Texas at San Antonio
- San Antonio
- USA
| | - Wenhao Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Texas at San Antonio
- San Antonio
- USA
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