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Yang Y, Li T, Hao H, Sheng JZ, Li T, Peng P. Convergent synthesis of glycoalkaloids solasonine and its saponin derivative. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:9753-9756. [PMID: 39150451 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01850h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
We present a practical and convergent synthesis of glycoalkaloids solasonine 1 and its saponin derivative 2, incorporating a {3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-galactopyranoside} moiety. The key features of this strategy include the following: (1) AuCl3-tBuCN cooperative catalysis enabling 1,2-trans stereoselective glycosidation of 2-branched trisaccharide trichloroacetimidate donors with steroidal aglycons, in the absence of neighboring group participation; (2) "cyanide effect" mediated regioselective benzoylation of the 4- and 6-hydroxyl groups of galactopyranosyl disaccharide; and (3) an effective approach to prevent orthoester byproduct formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong, China.
| | - Tong Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong, China.
| | - Huiran Hao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong, China.
| | - Ju-Zheng Sheng
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 Shandong, China
| | - Tianlu Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 Shandong, China
| | - Peng Peng
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 Shandong, China
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2
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Yamatsugu K, Kanai M. Catalytic Approaches to Chemo- and Site-Selective Transformation of Carbohydrates. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6793-6838. [PMID: 37126370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are a fundamental unit playing pivotal roles in all the biological processes. It is thus essential to develop methods for synthesizing, functionalizing, and manipulating carbohydrates for further understanding of their functions and the creation of sugar-based functional materials. It is, however, not trivial to develop such methods, since carbohydrates are densely decorated with polar and similarly reactive hydroxy groups in a stereodefined manner. New approaches to chemo- and site-selective transformations of carbohydrates are, therefore, of great significance for revolutionizing sugar chemistry to enable easier access to sugars of interest. This review begins with a brief overview of the innate reactivity of hydroxy groups of carbohydrates. It is followed by discussions about catalytic approaches to enhance, override, or be orthogonal to the innate reactivity for the transformation of carbohydrates. This review avoids making a list of chemo- and site-selective reactions, but rather focuses on summarizing the concept behind each reported transformation. The literature references were sorted into sections based on the underlying ideas of the catalytic approaches, which we hope will help readers have a better sense of the current state of chemistry and develop innovative ideas for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzo Yamatsugu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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3
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Li T, Zhang Y, Li T, Zhuang H, Wang F, Wang N, Schmidt RR, Peng P. Divergent Synthesis of Core m1, Core m2 and Core m3
O
‐Mannosyl
Glycopeptides via a Chemoenzymatic Approach. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianlu Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Youqin Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Tong Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Haoru Zhuang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Fengshan Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | | | - Peng Peng
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
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4
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Lv J, Liu CY, Guo YF, Feng GJ, Dong H. SnCl2‐catalyzed acetalation/selective‐benzoylation sequence for the synthesis of orthogonally protected glycosyl acceptors. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lv
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology - Main Campus: Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Chun-Yang Liu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology - Main Campus: Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Yang-Fan Guo
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology - Main Campus: Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Guang-Jing Feng
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology - Main Campus: Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Hai Dong
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology - Main Campus: Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Luoyu Road 1037 430074 Wuhan CHINA
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5
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Li T, Li T, Sun Y, Yang Y, Lv P, Wang F, Lou H, Schmidt RR, Peng P. Regioselective benzoylation of unprotected β-glycopyranosides with benzoyl cyanide and an amine catalyst – application to saponin synthesis. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01243b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Regioselective protection of trans-trans triol and tetrol moieties in carbohydrates was achieved with BzCN as the benzoylating agent and amine catalysts. The protocols are useful for the chemical synthesis of oligosaccharides and saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlu Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
| | - Tong Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Yajing Sun
- National Glycoengineering Research Center
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Yue Yang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Panpan Lv
- National Glycoengineering Research Center
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Fengshan Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
| | - Hongxiang Lou
- National Glycoengineering Research Center
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
| | | | - Peng Peng
- National Glycoengineering Research Center
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
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6
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Li T, Li T, Linseis M, Wang F, Winter RF, Schmidt RR, Peng P. Catalytic Regioselective Benzoylation of 1,2- trans-Diols in Carbohydrates with Benzoyl Cyanide: The Axial Oxy Group Effect and the Action of Achiral and Chiral Amine Catalysts. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianlu Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Tong Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Michael Linseis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz D-78457, Germany
| | - Fengshan Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Rainer F. Winter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz D-78457, Germany
| | - Richard R. Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz D-78457, Germany
| | - Peng Peng
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong 250012, China
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7
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Ren B, Zhang L, Zhang M. Progress on Selective Acylation of Carbohydrate Hydroxyl Groups. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ren
- College of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringXinyang Normal University Nanhu Road 237 Xinyang, Henan 464000 P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringXinyang Normal University Nanhu Road 237 Xinyang, Henan 464000 P. R. China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringXinyang Normal University Nanhu Road 237 Xinyang, Henan 464000 P. R. China
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8
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Argunov DA, Trostianetskaia AS, Krylov VB, Kurbatova EA, Nifantiev NE. Convergent Synthesis of Oligosaccharides Structurally Related to Galactan I and Galactan II ofKlebsiella Pneumoniaeand their Use in Screening of Antibody Specificity. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A. Argunov
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry; N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky prospect 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiia S. Trostianetskaia
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry; N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky prospect 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
- Higher Chemical College; N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia; Miusskaya sq. 9 125047 Moscow Russia
| | - Vadim B. Krylov
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry; N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky prospect 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina A. Kurbatova
- Laboratory of Immunology; N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; I. I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera; Moscow Russia
| | - Nikolay E. Nifantiev
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry; N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky prospect 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
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9
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Wang T, Demchenko AV. Synthesis of carbohydrate building blocks via regioselective uniform protection/deprotection strategies. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4934-4950. [PMID: 31044205 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00573k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Discussed herein is the synthesis of partially protected carbohydrates by manipulating only one type of a protecting group for a given substrate. The first focus of this review is the uniform protection of an unprotected starting material in a way that only one (or two) hydroxyl group remains unprotected. The second focus involves regioselective partial deprotection of uniformly protected compounds in a way that only one (or two) hydroxyl group becomes liberated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghua Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St Louis, One University Boulevard, St Louis, Missouri 63121, USA.
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St Louis, One University Boulevard, St Louis, Missouri 63121, USA.
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10
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Recent advances in site-selective functionalization of carbohydrates mediated by organocatalysts. Carbohydr Res 2018; 471:64-77. [PMID: 30508658 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As one of the four fundamental building blocks of life, carbohydrates assume varied and expansive roles in biological contexts. More in-depth understanding of carbohydrates and their interactions, however, is often restricted by our inability to synthesize and subsequently functionalize them in a site-selective manner. This review will summarize recent advances in the site-selective functionalization of carbohydrates using organocatalysts, including achiral catalysts, chiral nucleophilic bases, chiral N-heterocyclic carbenes, and chiral phosphoric acids, with an emphasis on the catalytic nature in each case. As in many endeavors, taking an alternative approach can often lead to success, and selected examples of these achievements will be highlighted as well.
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