1
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Kong S, Zhang M, Wang S, Wu H, Zou H, Huang G. Mechanism and Origins of Diastereo- and Regioselectivities of Palladium-Catalyzed Remote Diborylative Cyclization of Dienes via Chain-Walking Strategy. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201057. [PMID: 36415038 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations have been performed to investigate the palladium-catalyzed remote diborylative cyclization of dienes. The computations reveal that the reaction proceeds through a rarely explored Pd(II)/Pd(IV) catalytic cycle, and the formal σ-bond metathesis between the alkylpalladium intermediate and B2 pin2 occurs via the pathway of the B-B oxidative addition/C-B reductive elimination involving the high-valent Pd(IV) species. The diastereoselectivity is determined by the migratory insertion into the Pd-C bond, which is mainly due to the combination of the torsional strain effect, steric repulsion and C-H-O hydrogen-bonding interaction. The steric hindrance around the reacting carbon group in the C-B reductive elimination turns out to be a key factor to provide the driving force of the chain walking of the Pd center to the terminal primary carbon position, enabling the experimentally observed remote regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Kong
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Hongli Wu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Zou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Genping Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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2
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Wang Y, Huang Z, Liu G, Huang Z. A New Paradigm in Pincer Iridium Chemistry: PCN Complexes for (De)Hydrogenation Catalysis and Beyond. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2148-2161. [PMID: 35852837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The discovery and development of organometallic catalysts is of paramount importance in modern organic synthesis, among which the ligand scaffolds play a crucial role in controlling the activity and selectivity. Over the past several decades, d8 transition-metal complexes of pincer ligands have been developed extensively thanks to their easy structural modification, versatile reactivities, and high stability. One paradigm is the bis(phosphine)-based pincer iridium complexes PCP-Ir, which are highly active for alkane dehydrogenation, partly due to their high thermostability. However, except for alkane dehydrogenation and related transformations, few applications of pincer iridium catalysis have been seen in organic synthesis. This mainly arises from the low functional-group compatibility and poor substrate scope and the limited catalytic chemistry that invariably involves Ir(I/III) redox processes initiated by oxidative addition of substrates to 14-electron (PCP)Ir fragments (the proposed catalytically active intermediates). In this Account, we describe our endeavor on the development of a new family of PCN-Ir complexes with initial intention on creating more efficient alkane dehydrogenation catalysts. The replacement of a soft, σ-donor phosphine arm in the PCP ligands by a harder, π-acceptor N-heteroarene (pyridine or oxazoline) not only provides an additional platform to modify the structural properties but also offers new modes of bond activation and novel reactivities and catalysis. One uniqueness of the PCN-Ir system lies in the formation, via ortho-C(sp2)-H cyclometalation of the pyridine unit in the PCNPy ligand, of the neutral monohydride (PCC)IrIIIHL (L = neutral ligand), which catalyzes positional and stereoselective 1-alkene-to-(E)-2-alkene isomerization. Moreover, the PCN-Ir catalysts effect ethanol dehydrogenation without decarbonylation, allowing for transfer hydrogenation of unactivated alkenes and trans-selective semihydrogenation of internal alkynes with user-friendly ethanol as the H-donor. Another feature originates from the ability of the pentacoordinate hydrido chloride complex (PCN)IrIIIHCl to undergo reversible solvent-coordination-induced-ionization (SCII), furnishing a cationic monohydride [(PCN)IrIIIH(Sol)]+Cl- bearing an uncoordinated Cl anion that effects selective hydrometalation of internal alkynes over the corresponding (Z)-alkenes; the resulting (PCN)IrIII(vinyl)Cl complex undergoes amine-assisted formal alcoholysis involving the protonation of the Cl anion by the activated IrIII-bound EtOH, again via the SCII pathway. Together these elementary reactions lay the foundation for cis-selective semihydrogenation of alkynes with EtOH. Further, the design of the oxazoline-containing chiral complexes (PCNOxa)IrIIIHCl enables asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of alkenes/ketones with ethanol. The efficient catalytic α-alkylation of unactivated esters/amides with alcohols is another case showing the benefit that the PCN-Ir catalyst can offer. These examples illustrate the profound impact of the pincer ligands on the reactivities and catalysis. We hope this Account will provide an in-depth view into the fundamentals of pincer iridium chemistry and ultimately broaden its applications in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Zhidao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai200032, China.,School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou310024, China
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3
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Wu H, Hu L, Shi Y, Shen Z, Huang G. Computational Insights into Palladium/Boron-Catalyzed Allylic Substitution of Vinylethylene Carbonates with Water: Outer-Sphere versus Inner-Sphere Pathway and Origins of Regio- and Enantioselectivities. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Wu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Lingfei Hu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Shen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Genping Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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4
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Revisiting exo–endo isomerization of transition metal half-sandwich η3–allyl complexes. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Mechanism and selectivity of nickel-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition of cyclopropenones and α,β-unsaturated ketones: A computational study. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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6
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Wang J, Qi X, Min XL, Yi W, Liu P, He Y. Tandem Iridium Catalysis as a General Strategy for Atroposelective Construction of Axially Chiral Styrenes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10686-10694. [PMID: 34228930 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Axially chiral styrenes are of great interest since they may serve as a class of novel chiral ligands in asymmetric synthesis. However, only recently have strategies been developed for their enantioselective preparation. Thus, the development of novel and efficient methodologies is highly desirable. Herein, we reported the first tandem iridium catalysis as a general strategy for the synthesis of axially chiral styrenes enabled by Asymmetric Allylic Substitution-Isomerization (AASI) using cinnamyl carbonate analogues as electrophiles and naphthols as nucleophiles. In this approach, axially chiral styrenes were generated through two independent iridium-catalytic cycles: iridium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution and in situ isomerization via stereospecific 1,3-hydride transfer catalyzed by the same iridium catalyst. Both experimental and computational studies demonstrated that the isomerization proceeded by iridium-catalyzed benzylic C-H bond oxidative addition, followed by terminal C-H reductive elimination. Amid the central-to-axial chirality transfer, the hydroxyl of naphthol plays a crucial role in ensuring the stereospecificity by coordinating with the Ir(I) center. The process accommodated broad functional group compatibility. The products were generated in excellent yields with excellent to high enantioselectivities, which could be transformed to various axially chiral molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Xiao-Long Min
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Wenbin Yi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Ying He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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7
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Kpante M, Wolf LM. Pathway Bifurcations in the Activation of Allylic Halides by Palladium and Their Influence on the Dynamics of η 1 and η 3 Allyl Intermediates. J Org Chem 2021; 86:9637-9650. [PMID: 34190566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed allylic substitution often exhibits complex product selectivity patterns, which have been primarily attributed to π ↔ σ ↔ π isomerization of the η1 and η3 allyl intermediates. Product selectivity may be even further complicated if η1- and η3-allyls share a single transition state (TS), leading to their formation resulting in a post-transition-state bifurcation (PTSB). In this work, density functional theory calculations using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) have been carried out that support the presence of a PTSB in Pd-catalyzed allylic halide activation directly influencing product selectivity. The AIMD results initiated from the TS predict the η1-allyl to be favored in the gas phase and a low dielectric (ε < 2.5) for trialkylphosphines, while the selectivity shifts toward the η3-allyl in higher dielectrics. The minimum energy path is also predicted to shift in product preference, consistent with the dynamics predictions. The bifurcation in allylic chloride activation is predicted to largely favor the η3-allyl at any solvent polarity. A PTSB was also discovered to be present in Ni and Pt allylic activation but with less bifurcation. These results offer a unique view into the mechanism of metal-catalyzed allylic substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malkaye Kpante
- Department of Chemistry, Kennedy College of Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Lawrence M Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Kennedy College of Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
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8
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Li X, Ren X, Wu H, Zhao W, Tang X, Huang G. Mechanism and selectivity of copper-catalyzed borocyanation of 1-aryl-1,3-butadienes: A computational study. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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9
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Shi Y, Wu H, Huang G. Rhodium( i)/bisoxazolinephosphine-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective amination of allylic carbonates: a computational study. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00370d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
DFT calculations were performed to investigate the rhodium(i)/bisoxazolinephosphine-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective amination of allylic carbonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Hongli Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Genping Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
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10
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Wang J, Ling B, Liu P, Liu Y, Jiang YY, Bi S. Density Functional Theory Study on the Mechanism of Iridium-Catalyzed Benzylamine ortho C-H Alkenylation with Ethyl Acrylate. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:15446-15453. [PMID: 32637819 PMCID: PMC7331057 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Iridium-catalyzed oxidative o-alkenylation of benzylamines with acrylates was enabled by the directing group pentafluorobenzoyl (PFB). Density functional theory calculations were performed to explore the detailed reaction mechanism. The calculated results reveal that N-deprotonation prior to C-H activation is favored over direct C-H activation. Moreover, C-H activation is reversible and not the rate-determining step, which has been supported by the experimental observation. The regio- and stereoselectivity of ethyl acrylate insertion are controlled by the steric effect and the carbon atom with a larger orbital coefficient of the π* antibonding orbital in the nucleophilic attack, respectively. The migratory insertion of ethyl acrylate is computationally found to be rate-determining for the whole catalytic cycle. Finally, the seven-membered ring intermediate IM11 undergoes a sequential N-protonation and β-H elimination with the assistance of AcOH, rather than β-H elimination and reductive elimination proposed experimentally, to afford the o-alkenylated product. IM11 is unable to directly cyclize through C-N reductive elimination because both sp3-hybridized N and C atoms are unfavorable for N-C reductive elimination. The origin of the directing group PFB preventing the product and intermediates undergoing aza-Michael addition has been explained.
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11
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Liu H, Xu M, Cai C, Chen J, Gu Y, Xia Y. Cobalt-Catalyzed Z to E Isomerization of Alkenes: An Approach to ( E)-β-Substituted Styrenes. Org Lett 2020; 22:1193-1198. [PMID: 31944774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient cobalt-catalyzed Z to E isomerization of β-substituted styrenes using the amido-diphosphine ligand was developed, delivering the (E)-isomers with good functional tolerance and high stereoselectivity. The reaction could be scaled up to gram-scale with a catalyst loading of 0.1 mol %, using a mixture of (Z)- and (E)-alkene as the starting material. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicated that cobalt(I)-hydride and a benzylic-cobalt species were probably involved in the reaction, as supported by experiments and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering , Wenzhou University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
| | - Man Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering , Wenzhou University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
| | - Cheng Cai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering , Wenzhou University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering , Wenzhou University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
| | - Yugui Gu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering , Wenzhou University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
| | - Yuanzhi Xia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering , Wenzhou University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
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12
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Wu Z, Zhang M, Shi Y, Huang G. Mechanism and origins of stereo- and enantioselectivities of palladium-catalyzed hydroamination of racemic internal allenes via dynamic kinetic resolution: a computational study. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00174k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
DFT calculations were performed to investigate the Pd-catalyzed hydroamination of racemic internal allenes with pyrazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Genping Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
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13
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Azpíroz R, Di Giuseppe A, Urriolabeitia A, Passarelli V, Polo V, Pérez-Torrente JJ, Oro LA, Castarlenas R. Hydride–Rhodium(III)-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyst for Tandem Alkylation/Alkenylation via C–H Activation. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Azpíroz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica − Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza − CSIC, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Andrea Di Giuseppe
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica − Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza − CSIC, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Asier Urriolabeitia
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Passarelli
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica − Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza − CSIC, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Ctra Huesca S/N, 50090 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Victor Polo
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús J. Pérez-Torrente
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica − Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza − CSIC, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis A. Oro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica − Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza − CSIC, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ricardo Castarlenas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica − Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza − CSIC, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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14
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Paulson ER, Moore CE, Rheingold AL, Pullman DP, Sindewald RW, Cooksy AL, Grotjahn DB. Dynamic π-Bonding of Imidazolyl Substituent in a Formally 16-Electron Cp*Ru(κ2-P,N)+ Catalyst Allows Dramatic Rate Increases in (E)-Selective Monoisomerization of Alkenes. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik R. Paulson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| | - Curtis E. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - David P. Pullman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| | - Ryan W. Sindewald
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| | - Andrew L. Cooksy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| | - Douglas B. Grotjahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
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15
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Li X, Wu H, Wu Z, Huang G. Mechanism and Origins of Regioselectivity of Copper-Catalyzed Borocyanation of 2-Aryl-Substituted 1,3-Dienes: A Computational Study. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5514-5523. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Hongli Wu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Genping Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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16
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Zhang M, Liang J, Huang G. Mechanism and Origins of Enantioselectivity of Iridium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Silylation of Unactivated C(sp 3)-H Bonds. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2372-2376. [PMID: 30668096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations were performed to investigate the iridium-catalyzed intramolecular silylation of unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds. The computations show that the in situ generated iridium(III) silyl dihydride species is the active catalyst, from which the followed migratory insertion and the transmetalation would generate the iridium(III) disilyl hydride species. The reaction was found to take place through an Ir(III)/Ir(V) catalytic cycle, and the C(sp3)-H bond oxidative addition constitutes the rate- and enantioselectivity-determining step. The steric repulsion and C-H···π interaction were found to account for the experimentally observed enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Genping Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , People's Republic of China
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17
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Wu H, Li X, Tang X, Huang G. Mechanism and origins of chemo- and regioselectivities of (NHC)NiH-catalyzed cross-hydroalkenylation of vinyl ethers with α-olefins: a computational study. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo01020j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations were performed to investigate the (NHC)NiH-catalyzed cross-hydroalkenylation of vinyl ethers with α-olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Genping Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
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