1
|
Liao YA, Peng WS, Liu LJ, Ye TY, Fu JH, Chan YT, Tsai FY. Iron-Catalyzed Cadiot-Chodkiewicz Coupling with High Selectivity in Water under Air. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13698-13707. [PMID: 36164765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An iron-based catalytic system was developed for the cross-coupling of 1-bromoalkynes with terminal alkynes to selectively generate unsymmetrical 1,3-butadiynes in water under air. It was found that a combination of 1-bromoalkynes derived from less acidic terminal alkynes with more acidic counterparts would greatly enhance yields and selectivity for unsymmetrical 1,3-butadiynes. The reaction was also applicable for the synthesis of unsymmetrical 1,3,5-hexatriynes through coupling of 1-bromoalkynes and trimethylsilyl-protected 1,3-butadiynes in a one-pot manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-An Liao
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sheng Peng
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Jun Liu
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Ting-You Ye
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Hao Fu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tsu Chan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Yu Tsai
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pommainville A, Campeau D, Gagosz F. The Synthetic Potential of Thiophenium Ylide Cycloadducts**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205963. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Pommainville
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Dominic Campeau
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Fabien Gagosz
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa K1N 6N5 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pommainville A, Campeau D, Gagosz F. The Synthetic Potential of Thiophenium Ylide Cycloadducts**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Pommainville
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Dominic Campeau
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Fabien Gagosz
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa K1N 6N5 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zubkov FI, Krishna G, Grudinin DG, Nikitina EV. IntraMolecular Diels–Alder Reactions of Vinylarenes and Alkynyl Arenes (the IMDAV Reaction). SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1705983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis comprehensive review summarizes the published literature data concerning the intramolecular Diels–Alder reactions of vinylarenes (the IMDAV reaction) and alkynyl arenes from 1970 to 2019, and covers mainly intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition reactions of vinyl- or acetylene-substituted furans, thiophenes, pyrroles, indoles, imidazoles, benzenes, and naphthalenes, in which the unsaturated substituent is linked directly to an arene moiety. The selected area of the Diels–Alder reaction differs from other forms of [4+2] cycloadditions due to the uniqueness of the diene fragment, which, along with an exocyclic multiple bond, includes the double bond of an aromatic or heteroaromatic nucleus in its system. Thus, during the formation of the [4+2] cycloaddition intermediate, the aromaticity of furan, thiophene and even benzene rings is broken, leading, as a rule, to the formation of heterocyclic structures rarely accessible by other methods, in contrast to the majority of intermolecular Diels–Alder reactions, with the highest degree of chemo-, regio-, and diastereoselectivity. Therefore, the IMDAV approach is often used for the synthesis of naturally occurring and bioactive molecules, which are also discussed in this review alongside other applications of this reaction. Whenever possible, we have tried to avoid examples of radical, photochemical, oxidative, precious-metal-complex-catalyzed cyclizations and other types of formal [4+2] cycloadditions, focusing on thermal Diels–Alder reactions in the first step, according to the classical mechanism. The second stage of the process, aromatization, is unique for many initial substrates, and hence considerable attention in this overview is given to the detailed description of the reaction mechanisms.1 Introduction2 IMDAV Reactions of Vinylfurans2.1 Alkenes as Internal Dienophiles2.2 Alkynes and Allenes as Internal Dienophiles3 IMDAV Reactions of Vinylthiophenes3.1 Alkenes as Internal Dienophiles3.2 Alkynes as Internal Dienophiles4 IMDAV Reactions of Vinylbenzothiophenes5 IMDAV Reactions of Vinylpyrroles6 IMDAV Reactions of Vinylindoles6.1 Alkenes as Internal Dienophiles6.2 Alkynes as Internal Dienophiles7 IMDAV Reactions of Styrenes and Vinylnaphthalenes7.1 Alkenes as Internal Dienophiles7.2 Alkynes as Internal Dienophiles7.3 Alkynes as Internal Dienophiles in Aryl Acetylenes (the Intramolecular Dehydro Diels–Alder Reaction)8 IMDAV Reactions of Vinylimidazoles, Vinylisoxazoles and Vinylpyridines9 Conclusion10 Abbreviations
Collapse
|
5
|
Lynn M, Pierson Smela M, Hoye TR. Silicon as a powerful control element in HDDA chemistry: redirection of innate cyclization preferences, functionalizable tethers, and formal bimolecular HDDA reactions. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13902-13908. [PMID: 34760176 PMCID: PMC8549800 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04082k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The 1,3-diyne and diynophile in hexadehydro-Diels–Alder (HDDA) reaction substrates are typically tethered by linker units that consist of C, O, N, and/or S atoms. We describe here a new class of polyynes based on silicon-containing tethers that can be disposed of and/or functionalized subsequent to the HDDA reaction. The cyclizations are efficient, and the resulting benzoxasiloles are amenable to protodesilylation, halogenation, oxygenation, and arylation reactions. The presence of the silicon atom can also override the innate mode of cyclization in some cases, an outcome attributable to a β-silyl effect on the structure of intermediate diradicals. Overall, this strategy equates formally to an otherwise unknown, bimolecular HDDA reaction and expands the versatility of this body of aryne chemistry. A designer silicon-containing linker enables HDDA chemistry that complements known modes of reactivity. Subsequent removal of the Si liberates a benzenoid product that is formally the result of an intermolecular HDDA reaction.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Lynn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant St. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Merrick Pierson Smela
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant St. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Thomas R Hoye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant St. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fluegel LL, Hoye TR. Hexadehydro-Diels-Alder Reaction: Benzyne Generation via Cycloisomerization of Tethered Triynes. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2413-2444. [PMID: 33492939 PMCID: PMC8008985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The hexadehydro-Diels-Alder (HDDA) reaction is the thermal cyclization of an alkyne and a 1,3-diyne to generate a benzyne intermediate. This is then rapidly trapped, in situ, by a variety of species to yield highly functionalized benzenoid products. In contrast to nearly all other methods of aryne generation, no other reagents are required to produce an HDDA benzyne. The versatile and customizable nature of the process has attracted much attention due not only to its synthetic potential but also because of the fundamental mechanistic insights the studies often afford. The authors have attempted to provide here a comprehensive compilation of publications appearing by mid-2020 that describe experimental results of HDDA reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas L Fluegel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Thomas R Hoye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ma X, Maier J, Wenzel M, Friedrich A, Steffen A, Marder TB, Mitrić R, Brixner T. Direct observation of o-benzyne formation in photochemical hexadehydro-Diels-Alder ( hν-HDDA) reactions. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9198-9208. [PMID: 34123168 PMCID: PMC8163437 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03184d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive ortho-benzyne derivatives are believed to be the initial products of liquid-phase [4 + 2]-cycloadditions between a 1,3-diyne and an alkyne via what is known as a hexadehydro-Diels–Alder (HDDA) reaction. The UV/VIS spectroscopic observation of o-benzyne derivatives and their photochemical dynamics in solution, however, have not been reported previously. Herein, we report direct UV/VIS spectroscopic evidence for the existence of an o-benzyne in solution, and establish the dynamics of its formation in a photoinduced reaction. For this purpose, we investigated a bis-diyne compound using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy in the ultraviolet/visible region. In the first step, we observe excited-state isomerization on a sub-10 ps time scale. For identification of the o-benzyne species formed within 50–70 ps, and the corresponding photochemical hexadehydro-Diels–Alder (hν-HDDA) reactions, we employed two intermolecular trapping strategies. In the first case, the o-benzyne was trapped by a second bis-diyne, i.e., self-trapping. The self-trapping products were then identified in the transient absorption experiments by comparing their spectral features to those of the isolated products. In the second case, we used perylene for trapping and reconstructed the spectrum of the trapping product by removing the contribution of irrelevant species from the experimentally observed spectra. Taken together, the UV/VIS spectroscopic data provide a consistent picture for o-benzyne derivatives in solution as the products of photo-initiated HDDA reactions, and we deduce the time scales for their formation. We report the transient ultraviolet/visible absorption spectrum of an o-benzyne species in solution for the first time.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Ma
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany .,Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District 300072 Tianjin China
| | - Jan Maier
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Michael Wenzel
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany .,Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Str.6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Roland Mitrić
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Uchida K, Yoshida S, Hosoya T. Synthetic Aryne Chemistry toward Multicomponent Coupling. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2019. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.77.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Suguru Yoshida
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Takamitsu Hosoya
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang X. Mechanistic study on the intramolecular oxa-[4 + 2] cycloaddition of substituted o-divinylbenzenes. J Mol Model 2019; 25:14. [PMID: 30607638 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3883-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|