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Cattani S, Cera G. Modern Organometallic C-H Functionalizations with Earth-Abundant Iron Catalysts: An Update. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300897. [PMID: 38051920 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron-catalyzed C-H activation has recently emerged as an increasingly powerful synthetic method for the step- and atom- economical direct C-H functionalizations of otherwise inert C-H bonds. Iron's low-cost and toxicity along with its catalytic versatility have encouraged the scientific community to elect this metal for the development of new C-H activation methodologies. Within this review, we aim to present a collection of the most recent examples of iron-catalyzed C-H functionalizations with a particular emphasis on modern synthetic strategies and mechanistic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cattani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Cera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
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2
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Xu LC, Ma XD, Liu KM, Duan XF. Chemo- and Regioselective Alkylation of Pyridine N-Oxides with Titanacyclopropanes. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 38016093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
While titanacyclopropanes are used to react mainly with ester, amide, and cyano to undergo cyclopropanation, herein they react preferentially with pyridine N-oxide to accomplish C2-H alkylation beyond these functionalities with double regioselectivity. After being pyridylated at the less hindered C-Ti bond, the remaining C-Ti bond of titanacyclopropanes can be further functionalized by various electrophiles, allowing facile introduction of complex alkyls onto the C2 of pyridines. Its synthetic potential has been demonstrated by late-stage diversification of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chen Xu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Di Ma
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Kun-Ming Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Fang Duan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
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3
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Wei YM, Ma XD, Wang MF, Duan XF. Fe-Catalyzed Difunctionalization of Aryl Titanates Enabled by Fe/Ti Synergism. Org Lett 2023; 25:2745-2749. [PMID: 37036175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Fe-catalyzed difunctionalization of aryl titanates via double C-H activation has been developed, where aryl titanates were arylated via ortho C-H activation, followed by ipso electrophilic trapping of the C-Ti bond. The ortho C-H arylation should be promoted by a 1,2-Fe/Ti synergistic heterobimetallic arylene intermediate and represents an ortho C-H ferration directed by a readily transformable C-Ti group. Common benzamides, esters, and nitriles function as arylating reagents, which involves another ortho C-H activation directed by these functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Wei
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Di Ma
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Fei Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Fang Duan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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4
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Wei YM, Ma XD, Wang MF, Duan XF. Synergism of Fe/Ti Enabled Regioselective Arene Difunctionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1542-1547. [PMID: 36622693 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Regioselective difunctionalization of arenes remains a long-standing challenge in organic chemistry. We report a novel and general Fe/Ti synergistic methodology for regioselective synthesis of various polysubstituted arenes through either E/E' or Nu/E ortho difunctionalizations of arenes. Preliminary results showed that an unprecedented 1,2-Fe/Ti heterobimetallic arylene intermediate bearing two distinct C-M bonds is essential to the regioselective difunctionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Wei
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiao-Di Ma
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Meng-Fei Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xin-Fang Duan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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5
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Xiao S, Liu C, Song B, Wang L, Qi Y, Liu Y. Samarium-based Grignard-type addition of organohalides to carbonyl compounds under catalysis of CuI. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6169-6172. [PMID: 34047318 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00965f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Grignard-type additions were readily achieved under the mediation of CuI (10 mol%) and samarium (2 equiv.) by employing various organohalides, e.g. benzyl, aryl, heterocyclic and aliphatic halides (Cl, Br or I), and diverse carbonyl compounds (e.g. carbonic esters, carboxylic esters, acid anhydrides, acyl chlorides, ketones, aldehydes, propylene epoxides and formamides) to afford alcohols, ketones and aldehydes, respectively, with high efficiency and chemoselectivity, in which the organosamarium intermediate might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhuan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Bin Song
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Liang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Changcheng Rd. #700, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
| | - Yan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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6
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Rana S, Biswas JP, Paul S, Paik A, Maiti D. Organic synthesis with the most abundant transition metal–iron: from rust to multitasking catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:243-472. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00688b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The promising aspects of iron in synthetic chemistry are being explored for three-four decades as a green and eco-friendly alternative to late transition metals. This present review unveils these rich iron-chemistry towards different transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujoy Rana
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling
- India
| | | | - Sabarni Paul
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling
- India
| | - Aniruddha Paik
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling
- India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry
- IIT Bombay
- Mumbai-400076
- India
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI)
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7
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Quintard A. Iron‐Based Multi‐Catalysis: Eco‐Compatible Alternative for Complex Molecules Synthesis. Chemistry 2020; 27:89-105. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Quintard
- CNRS Centrale Marseille iSm2 Aix Marseille Univ Marseille France
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8
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Wei YM, Ma XD, Wang L, Duan XF. Iron-catalyzed stereospecific arylation of enol tosylates using Grignard reagents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1101-1104. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09522e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Iron-catalyzed stereospecific arylation of enol tosylates with Grignard reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Wei
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- China
| | - Xiao-Di Ma
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- China
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9
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Liang Q, Song D. Iron N-heterocyclic carbene complexes in homogeneous catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:1209-1232. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00508k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review article summarizes recent development of homogeneous iron N-heterocyclic carbene catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuming Liang
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Datong Song
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
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10
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Duan XF. Iron catalyzed stereoselective alkene synthesis: a sustainable pathway. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14937-14961. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04882h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Replacing expensive or toxic transition metals with iron has become an important trend. This article summarises the recent progresses of a wide range of Fe-catalyzed reactions for accessing various stereodefined alkenes.
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11
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Xu L, Liu K, Duan X. Iron‐Catalyzed Room Temperature Cross‐Couplings of Bromophenols with Aryl Grignard Reagents. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Chen Xu
- College of ChemistryBeijing Normal University Beijing 100875 People's Republic of China
| | - Kun‐Ming Liu
- College of ChemistryBeijing Normal University Beijing 100875 People's Republic of China
| | - Xin‐Fang Duan
- College of ChemistryBeijing Normal University Beijing 100875 People's Republic of China
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12
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Wei YM, Wang MF, Duan XF. Is Fe-catalyzed ortho C–H Arylation of Benzamides Sensitive to Steric Hindrance and Directing Group? Org Lett 2019; 21:6471-6475. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Wei
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Meng-Fei Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xin-Fang Duan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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13
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Wang L, Wei YM, Zhao Y, Duan XF. Unified Protocol for Fe-Based Catalyzed Biaryl Cross-Couplings between Various Aryl Electrophiles and Aryl Grignard Reagents. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5176-5186. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yi-Ming Wei
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xin-Fang Duan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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14
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Li Q, Wang J, Wen C, Jiang X, Cao K, Wu K, Liang M. Research progress on cross-coupling reactions of alkynylaluminum with electrophiles reagents. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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